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              "version": "6.18.16",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmptcp: pm: in-kernel: always set ID as avail when rm endp\n\nSyzkaller managed to find a combination of actions that was generating\nthis warning:\n\n  WARNING: net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1074 at __mark_subflow_endp_available net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1074 [inline], CPU#1: syz.7.48/2535\n  WARNING: net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1074 at mptcp_pm_nl_fullmesh net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1446 [inline], CPU#1: syz.7.48/2535\n  WARNING: net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1074 at mptcp_pm_nl_set_flags_all net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1474 [inline], CPU#1: syz.7.48/2535\n  WARNING: net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1074 at mptcp_pm_nl_set_flags+0x5de/0x640 net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1538, CPU#1: syz.7.48/2535\n  Modules linked in:\n  CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 2535 Comm: syz.7.48 Not tainted 6.18.0-03987-gea5f5e676cf5 #17 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n  Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 25.10 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-debian-1.17.0-1 04/01/2014\n  RIP: 0010:__mark_subflow_endp_available net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1074 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:mptcp_pm_nl_fullmesh net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1446 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:mptcp_pm_nl_set_flags_all net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1474 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:mptcp_pm_nl_set_flags+0x5de/0x640 net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1538\n  Code: 89 c7 e8 c5 8c 73 fe e9 f7 fd ff ff 49 83 ef 80 e8 b7 8c 73 fe 4c 89 ff be 03 00 00 00 e8 4a 29 e3 fe eb ac e8 a3 8c 73 fe 90 \u003c0f\u003e 0b 90 e9 3d ff ff ff e8 95 8c 73 fe b8 a1 ff ff ff eb 1a e8 89\n  RSP: 0018:ffffc9001535b820 EFLAGS: 00010287\n  netdevsim0: tun_chr_ioctl cmd 1074025677\n  RAX: ffffffff82da294d RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000080000\n  RDX: ffffc900096d0000 RSI: 00000000000006d6 RDI: 00000000000006d7\n  netdevsim0: linktype set to 823\n  RBP: ffff88802cdb2240 R08: 00000000000104ae R09: ffffffffffffffff\n  R10: ffffffff82da27d4 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000\n  R13: ffff88801246d8c0 R14: ffffc9001535b8b8 R15: ffff88802cdb1800\n  FS:  00007fc6ac5a76c0(0000) GS:ffff8880f90c8000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  netlink: \u0027syz.3.50\u0027: attribute type 5 has an invalid length.\n  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  netlink: 1232 bytes leftover after parsing attributes in process `syz.3.50\u0027.\n  CR2: 0000200000010000 CR3: 0000000025b1a000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   mptcp_pm_set_flags net/mptcp/pm_netlink.c:277 [inline]\n   mptcp_pm_nl_set_flags_doit+0x1d7/0x210 net/mptcp/pm_netlink.c:282\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x117/0x180 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1115\n   genl_family_rcv_msg net/netlink/genetlink.c:1195 [inline]\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x3a8/0x3f0 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1210\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x16d/0x240 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550\n   genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1219\n   netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]\n   netlink_unicast+0x3e9/0x4c0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x4ab/0x5b0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894\n   sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:718 [inline]\n   __sock_sendmsg+0xc9/0xf0 net/socket.c:733\n   ____sys_sendmsg+0x272/0x3b0 net/socket.c:2608\n   ___sys_sendmsg+0x2de/0x320 net/socket.c:2662\n   __sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2694 [inline]\n   __do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2699 [inline]\n   __se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2697 [inline]\n   __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x110/0x1a0 net/socket.c:2697\n   do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n   do_syscall_64+0xed/0x360 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n  RIP: 0033:0x7fc6adb66f6d\n  Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48\n  RSP: 002b:00007fc6ac5a6ff8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\n  RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fc6addf5fa0 RCX: 00007fc6adb66f6d\n  RDX: 0000000000048084 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 000000000000000e\n  RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000\n  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000000000000\n---truncated---"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d191101dee25567c2af3b28565f45346c33d65f5"
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: don\u0027t set EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CONVERT when splitting before submitting I/O\n\nWhen allocating blocks during within-EOF DIO and writeback with\ndioread_nolock enabled, EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_PRE_IO was set to split an\nexisting large unwritten extent. However, EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CONVERT was\nset when calling ext4_split_convert_extents(), which may potentially\nresult in stale data issues.\n\nAssume we have an unwritten extent, and then DIO writes the second half.\n\n   [UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU] on-disk extent        U: unwritten extent\n   [UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU] extent status tree\n            |\u003c-   -\u003e| ----\u003e dio write this range\n\nFirst, ext4_iomap_alloc() call ext4_map_blocks() with\nEXT4_GET_BLOCKS_PRE_IO, EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_UNWRIT_EXT and\nEXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CREATE flags set. ext4_map_blocks() find this extent and\ncall ext4_split_convert_extents() with EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CONVERT and the\nabove flags set.\n\nThen, ext4_split_convert_extents() calls ext4_split_extent() with\nEXT4_EXT_MAY_ZEROOUT, EXT4_EXT_MARK_UNWRIT2 and EXT4_EXT_DATA_VALID2\nflags set, and it calls ext4_split_extent_at() to split the second half\nwith EXT4_EXT_DATA_VALID2, EXT4_EXT_MARK_UNWRIT1, EXT4_EXT_MAY_ZEROOUT\nand EXT4_EXT_MARK_UNWRIT2 flags set. However, ext4_split_extent_at()\nfailed to insert extent since a temporary lack -ENOSPC. It zeroes out\nthe first half but convert the entire on-disk extent to written since\nthe EXT4_EXT_DATA_VALID2 flag set, but left the second half as unwritten\nin the extent status tree.\n\n   [0000000000SSSSSS]  data                S: stale data, 0: zeroed\n   [WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW]  on-disk extent      W: written extent\n   [WWWWWWWWWWUUUUUU]  extent status tree\n\nFinally, if the DIO failed to write data to the disk, the stale data in\nthe second half will be exposed once the cached extent entry is gone.\n\nFix this issue by not passing EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CONVERT when splitting\nan unwritten extent before submitting I/O, and make\next4_split_convert_extents() to zero out the entire extent range\nto zero for this case, and also mark the extent in the extent status\ntree for consistency."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37555690f39f78ef69af347d9aff897e07445949"
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        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/feaf2a80e78f89ee8a3464126077ba8683b62791"
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      ],
      "title": "ext4: don\u0027t set EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CONVERT when splitting before submitting I/O",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45985",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.090Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T12:18:43.844Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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          "programFiles": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: ccp: Don\u0027t attempt to copy ID to userspace if PSP command failed\n\nWhen retrieving the ID for the CPU, don\u0027t attempt to copy the ID blob to\nuserspace if the firmware command failed.  If the failure was due to an\ninvalid length, i.e. the userspace buffer+length was too small, copying\nthe number of bytes _firmware_ requires will overflow the kernel-allocated\nbuffer and leak data to userspace.\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in instrument_copy_to_user ../include/linux/instrumented.h:129 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in _inline_copy_to_user ../include/linux/uaccess.h:205 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in _copy_to_user+0x66/0xa0 ../lib/usercopy.c:26\n  Read of size 64 at addr ffff8881867f5960 by task syz.0.906/24388\n\n  CPU: 130 UID: 0 PID: 24388 Comm: syz.0.906 Tainted: G     U     O        7.0.0-smp-DEV #28 PREEMPTLAZY\n  Tainted: [U]=USER, [O]=OOT_MODULE\n  Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 12.62.0-0 11/19/2025\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   dump_stack_lvl+0xc5/0x110 ../lib/dump_stack.c:120\n   print_address_description ../mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n   print_report+0xbc/0x260 ../mm/kasan/report.c:482\n   kasan_report+0xa2/0xe0 ../mm/kasan/report.c:595\n   check_region_inline ../mm/kasan/generic.c:-1 [inline]\n   kasan_check_range+0x264/0x2c0 ../mm/kasan/generic.c:200\n   instrument_copy_to_user ../include/linux/instrumented.h:129 [inline]\n   _inline_copy_to_user ../include/linux/uaccess.h:205 [inline]\n   _copy_to_user+0x66/0xa0 ../lib/usercopy.c:26\n   copy_to_user ../include/linux/uaccess.h:236 [inline]\n   sev_ioctl_do_get_id2+0x361/0x490 ../drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2222\n   sev_ioctl+0x25f/0x490 ../drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2575\n   vfs_ioctl ../fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]\n   __do_sys_ioctl ../fs/ioctl.c:597 [inline]\n   __se_sys_ioctl+0x11d/0x1b0 ../fs/ioctl.c:583\n   do_syscall_x64 ../arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n   do_syscall_64+0xe0/0x800 ../arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nWARN if the driver says the command succeeded, but the firmware error code\nsays otherwise, as __sev_do_cmd_locked() is expected to return -EIO on any\nfirwmware error."
        }
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          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through a local ioctl on the host `/dev/sev` misc device using `SEV_ISSUE_CMD` with `SEV_GET_ID2`; it is not reachable from network packets or from SEV guests.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the supplied buffer length and can reliably make firmware return an invalid-length error that updates `data.len` beyond the allocated buffer size. No race or uncontrollable heap condition is required to trigger the out-of-bounds copy.\nPR:L - Access requires permission to open `/dev/sev`, which defaults restrictive but is reasonably granted to non-root virtualization users or service accounts via device policy. The ioctl command itself has no capability check and `SEV_GET_ID2` does not require write access.\nUI:N - Once the attacker has local access to the device node, exploitation is a direct ioctl call. No victim action is required.\nS:U - The vulnerability is in the host kernel SEV/PSP driver and impacts host kernel memory and availability within the same security authority. It is not a guest-to-host escape or IOMMU/DMA boundary bypass.\nC:H - The bug copies firmware-reported length bytes from a smaller `kzalloc()` buffer to userspace, leaking adjacent kernel heap memory. Under the requested high-severity tie-break rule, this out-of-bounds kernel read is High confidentiality impact.\nI:N - The flawed operation is an over-read from kernel memory during `copy_to_user()`. It does not write to kernel memory or provide a demonstrated data-modification primitive.\nA:H - The same out-of-bounds usercopy can trigger kernel hardening or sanitizer failures, and hardened usercopy aborts such invalid slab exposures with a BUG. This makes a kernel crash reasonably defensible."
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f685dbfa87c546e51d9dc6cab379d20f275e114"
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      "title": "crypto: ccp: Don\u0027t attempt to copy ID to userspace if PSP command failed",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31697",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-01T13:55:58.184Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.131Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:24:34.586Z",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: skbuff: propagate shared-frag marker through frag-transfer helpers\n\nTwo frag-transfer helpers (__pskb_copy_fclone() and skb_shift()) fail\nto propagate the SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG bit in skb_shinfo()-\u003eflags when\nmoving frags from source to destination.  __pskb_copy_fclone() defers\nthe rest of the shinfo metadata to skb_copy_header() after copying\nfrag descriptors, but that helper only carries over gso_{size,segs,\ntype} and never touches skb_shinfo()-\u003eflags; skb_shift() moves frag\ndescriptors directly and leaves flags untouched.  As a result, the\ndestination skb keeps a reference to the same externally-owned or\npage-cache-backed pages while reporting skb_has_shared_frag() as\nfalse.\n\nThe mismatch is harmful in any in-place writer that uses\nskb_has_shared_frag() to decide whether shared pages must be detoured\nthrough skb_cow_data().  ESP input is one such writer (esp4.c,\nesp6.c), and a single nft \u0027dup to \u003clocal\u003e\u0027 rule -- or any other\nnf_dup_ipv4() / xt_TEE caller -- is enough to land a pskb_copy()\u0027d\nskb in esp_input() with the marker stripped, letting an unprivileged\nuser write into the page cache of a root-owned read-only file via\nauthencesn-ESN stray writes.\n\nSet SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG on the destination whenever frag descriptors\nwere actually moved from the source.  skb_copy() and skb_copy_expand()\nshare skb_copy_header() too but linearize all paged data into freshly\nallocated head storage and emerge with nr_frags == 0, so\nskb_has_shared_frag() returns false on its own; they need no change.\n\nThe same omission exists in skb_gro_receive() and skb_gro_receive_list().\nThe former moves the incoming skb\u0027s frag descriptors into the\naccumulator\u0027s last sub-skb via two paths (a direct frag-move loop and\nthe head_frag + memcpy path); the latter chains the incoming skb whole\nonto p\u0027s frag_list.  Downstream skb_segment() reads only\nskb_shinfo(p)-\u003eflags, and skb_segment_list() reuses each sub-skb\u0027s\nshinfo as the nskb -- both p and lp must carry the marker.\n\nThe same omission also exists in tcp_clone_payload(), which builds an\nMTU probe skb by moving frag descriptors from skbs on sk_write_queue\ninto a freshly allocated nskb.  The helper falls into the same family\nand warrants the same fix for consistency; no TCP TX-side in-place\nwriter is currently known to reach a user page through this gap, but\na future consumer depending on the marker would regress silently.\n\nThe same omission exists in skb_segment(): the per-iteration flag\nmerge takes only head_skb\u0027s flag, and the inner switch that rebinds\nfrag_skb to list_skb on head_skb-frags exhaustion does not fold the\nnew frag_skb\u0027s flag into nskb.  Fold frag_skb\u0027s flag at both sites\nso segments drawing frags from frag_list members carry the marker."
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              "value": "AV:L - Triggering the impact requires locally splicing a root-owned file\u0027s page-cache pages into a socket and configuring an xfrm SA plus an nftables `dup`/TEE rule; a purely remote peer cannot create externally-owned, page-cache-backed frags. Matches the predecessor CVE-2026-43284 (AV:L).\nAC:L - The attacker controls every condition \u2014 the SA key, the dup/TEE rule, the spliced file pages, and the crafted ESP packet \u2014 and can reliably reproduce the in-place decrypt with no race or layout dependency outside their control.\nPR:L - Requires only an unprivileged local user: CAP_NET_ADMIN for xfrm/nftables is obtainable via user namespaces (`unshare -Urn`), and only read access to a (e.g. world-readable) root-owned file is needed to splice its page-cache pages.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all steps; the page-cache corruption occurs at decrypt time with no action required from any victim.\nS:C - The vulnerable component (ESP/network packet processing acting on the attacker\u0027s own packet) modifies resources in a different security authority \u2014 the page cache of a root-owned read-only file \u2014 crossing a privilege boundary, as scored in the predecessor CVE-2026-43284 (S:C).\nC:H - The in-place AEAD operation reads and writes externally-owned/potentially-freed pages across a trust boundary, a memory-safety violation leverageable for information disclosure; scored C:H consistent with the predecessor.\nI:H - The decrypt writes attacker-influenced data into the page cache of a root-owned read-only file, corrupting content read by privileged processes \u2014 a powerful confused-deputy write primitive enabling privilege escalation.\nA:H - Writing into pages the skb does not own (page-cache or freed/reused spliced pages) is memory corruption that can crash or destabilize the kernel and corrupt file/system state."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbonding: fix type confusion in bond_setup_by_slave()\n\nkernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:2306!\nOops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\nRIP: 0010:pskb_expand_head+0xa08/0xfe0 net/core/skbuff.c:2306\nRSP: 0018:ffffc90004aff760 EFLAGS: 00010293\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff88807e3c8780 RCX: ffffffff89593e0e\nRDX: ffff88807b7c4900 RSI: ffffffff89594747 RDI: ffff88807b7c4900\nRBP: 0000000000000820 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: 00000000961a63e0 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88807e3c8780\nR13: 00000000961a6560 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: 00000000961a63e0\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 00007fe1a0ed8df0 CR3: 000000002d816000 CR4: 00000000003526f0\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n ipgre_header+0xdd/0x540 net/ipv4/ip_gre.c:900\n dev_hard_header include/linux/netdevice.h:3439 [inline]\n packet_snd net/packet/af_packet.c:3028 [inline]\n packet_sendmsg+0x3ae5/0x53c0 net/packet/af_packet.c:3108\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline]\n __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:742 [inline]\n ____sys_sendmsg+0xa54/0xc30 net/socket.c:2592\n ___sys_sendmsg+0x190/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2646\n __sys_sendmsg+0x170/0x220 net/socket.c:2678\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0x106/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\nRIP: 0033:0x7fe1a0e6c1a9\n\nWhen a non-Ethernet device (e.g. GRE tunnel) is enslaved to a bond,\nbond_setup_by_slave() directly copies the slave\u0027s header_ops to the\nbond device:\n\n    bond_dev-\u003eheader_ops = slave_dev-\u003eheader_ops;\n\nThis causes a type confusion when dev_hard_header() is later called\non the bond device. Functions like ipgre_header(), ip6gre_header(),all use\nnetdev_priv(dev) to access their device-specific private data. When\ncalled with the bond device, netdev_priv() returns the bond\u0027s private\ndata (struct bonding) instead of the expected type (e.g. struct\nip_tunnel), leading to garbage values being read and kernel crashes.\n\nFix this by introducing bond_header_ops with wrapper functions that\ndelegate to the active slave\u0027s header_ops using the slave\u0027s own\ndevice. This ensures netdev_priv() in the slave\u0027s header functions\nalways receives the correct device.\n\nThe fix is placed in the bonding driver rather than individual device\ndrivers, as the root cause is bond blindly inheriting header_ops from\nthe slave without considering that these callbacks expect a specific\nnetdev_priv() layout.\n\nThe type confusion can be observed by adding a printk in\nipgre_header() and running the following commands:\n\n    ip link add dummy0 type dummy\n    ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev dummy0\n    ip link set dummy0 up\n    ip link add gre1 type gre local 10.0.0.1\n    ip link add bond1 type bond mode active-backup\n    ip link set gre1 master bond1\n    ip link set gre1 up\n    ip link set bond1 up\n    ip addr add fe80::1/64 dev bond1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local rtnetlink/AF_PACKET operations: creating/enslaving a non-Ethernet slave to a bond and then causing `dev_hard_header()` on the bond device. Remote packets are not sufficient without the vulnerable local device configuration.\nAC:L - No race or special external timing is required; the attacker can deterministically create the bond/GRE setup and trigger the confused header callback. Required modules/configuration are common and autoloadable through rtnetlink in normal deployments.\nPR:L - The setup requires `CAP_NET_ADMIN` and the AF_PACKET trigger requires `CAP_NET_RAW`, but both are obtainable by an unprivileged local user inside a user/network namespace. Therefore this is low privilege rather than real init-namespace root only.\nUI:N - Exploitation does not require a victim user to perform an action. The attacker can perform the setup and trigger locally.\nS:U - The impact is within the kernel security authority on the same system. This is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or cross-authority boundary violation.\nC:H - The bug is kernel type confusion where bonding private data is interpreted as another device\u0027s private structure, and the confused callback can read kernel data using the wrong layout. Following the required higher-severity rule for type confusion, confidentiality impact is High.\nI:H - The confused header callback uses bogus private-data fields to construct and push protocol headers into an skb, making this a kernel memory/type confusion condition rather than a pure NULL dereference. Type confusion is scored as High integrity impact.\nA:H - The reported failure is a kernel BUG/oops in `pskb_expand_head()` reachable through the confused `ipgre_header()` call. This provides a reliable local kernel crash/DoS."
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code processes RoCEv2 packets received over UDP/IP (port 4791) from a remote peer; `pkt-\u003epaylen` is derived directly from the attacker-controlled UDP length header field.\nAC:L - A single crafted packet with `paylen` at the header-size boundary and a non-zero BTH pad deterministically underflows `payload_size()`; the resulting ~2\u2076\u2074-byte read reliably runs off the buffer with no race or unknowable memory layout required.\nPR:N - A remote, unauthenticated attacker triggers it; via the multicast path `hdr_check()` returns success with no QP, so `rxe_icrc_check()` performs the OOB read with no established connection or credentials.\nUI:N - The packet is processed automatically in the receive path on arrival; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The fault and its impact are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory/security scope; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The integer underflow produces an unbounded out-of-bounds read length passed to the CRC/copy routines; per the rubric an unbounded OOB read is High confidentiality impact.\nI:N - The underflow is used purely as a read length; the downstream copy/write consumers are guarded by length checks and a negative truncated length makes the copy a no-op, so no memory is modified.\nA:H - The near-2\u2076\u2074-byte out-of-bounds read in `rxe_crc32()` walks off the skb buffer into unmapped memory, causing a kernel oops/panic."
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