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              "value": "AV:L - The race is armed by locally bringing the wireless interface down (`ip link set wlan0 down` \u2192 `ieee80211_stop()` \u2192 `ieee80211_do_stop()` \u2192 `drv_stop()` \u2192 `rtl8187_stop()`) while local TX traffic keeps URBs in flight; no received 802.11 frame or routable packet can invoke the driver\u0027s stop callback, so an adjacent or remote peer cannot reach the vulnerable path.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both sides of the race \u2014 they flood the TX path to keep more than five entries in `b_tx_status.queue` (the exact precondition for the racing `skb_dequeue()` in `rtl8187_tx_cb()`\u0027s drain loop) and then issue the interface-down, repeating the up/down cycle indefinitely until the window between the drain loop and `usb_kill_anchored_urbs()` is hit; `CONFIG_RTL8187` is a stock distro module, so no rare configuration is required.\nPR:L - Bringing the interface down requires CAP_NET_ADMIN over the network namespace owning the netdev, which an unprivileged user holds via `unshare -Ur` once the wiphy has been delegated into a container netns \u2014 the same reasoning applied to mac80211 configuration paths in CVE-2025-38642; on desktop deployments polkit additionally lets an active unprivileged session toggle WiFi through NetworkManager.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both the traffic generation and the interface down/up cycle themselves; no victim needs to open a file, mount anything, or take any other action.\nS:U - The freed/NULL sk_buff is dereferenced in the host kernel\u0027s own driver and mac80211 context, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The fix exists to stop URB completion callbacks from consuming skbs already released by `dev_kfree_skb_any()`; a freed `struct sk_buff` reallocated by a concurrent attacker-controlled allocation supplies the `ieee80211_hw *` read from `info-\u003erate_driver_data[0]` and is then relinked into mac80211\u0027s status queues, yielding a controlled kernel-pointer dereference and read primitive.\nI:H - The same use-after-free window lets a sprayed replacement object drive `hw-\u003epriv` and the subsequent `ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe()` queueing, and skbs re-queued by `rtl8187_tx_cb()` after the drain are later freed again, giving double-free and heap-corruption primitives exploitable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The reproduced impact on real RTL8187BvE hardware is a kernel oops from `ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe()` dereferencing a NULL skb inside the USB giveback BH, which kills the softirq worker and wedges the WLAN device, and becomes a full panic on systems with `panic_on_oops`; the attacker can re-trigger it at will."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhfsplus: fix slab-out-of-bounds read in hfsplus_uni2asc()\n\nThe hfsplus_readdir() method is capable to crash by calling\nhfsplus_uni2asc():\n\n[  667.121659][ T9805] ==================================================================\n[  667.122651][ T9805] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in hfsplus_uni2asc+0x902/0xa10\n[  667.123627][ T9805] Read of size 2 at addr ffff88802592f40c by task repro/9805\n[  667.124578][ T9805]\n[  667.124876][ T9805] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 9805 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.16.0-rc3 #1 PREEMPT(full)\n[  667.124886][ T9805] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n[  667.124890][ T9805] Call Trace:\n[  667.124893][ T9805]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[  667.124896][ T9805]  dump_stack_lvl+0x10e/0x1f0\n[  667.124911][ T9805]  print_report+0xd0/0x660\n[  667.124920][ T9805]  ? __virt_addr_valid+0x81/0x610\n[  667.124928][ T9805]  ? __phys_addr+0xe8/0x180\n[  667.124934][ T9805]  ? hfsplus_uni2asc+0x902/0xa10\n[  667.124942][ T9805]  kasan_report+0xc6/0x100\n[  667.124950][ T9805]  ? hfsplus_uni2asc+0x902/0xa10\n[  667.124959][ T9805]  hfsplus_uni2asc+0x902/0xa10\n[  667.124966][ T9805]  ? hfsplus_bnode_read+0x14b/0x360\n[  667.124974][ T9805]  hfsplus_readdir+0x845/0xfc0\n[  667.124984][ T9805]  ? __pfx_hfsplus_readdir+0x10/0x10\n[  667.124994][ T9805]  ? stack_trace_save+0x8e/0xc0\n[  667.125008][ T9805]  ? iterate_dir+0x18b/0xb20\n[  667.125015][ T9805]  ? trace_lock_acquire+0x85/0xd0\n[  667.125022][ T9805]  ? lock_acquire+0x30/0x80\n[  667.125029][ T9805]  ? iterate_dir+0x18b/0xb20\n[  667.125037][ T9805]  ? down_read_killable+0x1ed/0x4c0\n[  667.125044][ T9805]  ? putname+0x154/0x1a0\n[  667.125051][ T9805]  ? __pfx_down_read_killable+0x10/0x10\n[  667.125058][ T9805]  ? apparmor_file_permission+0x239/0x3e0\n[  667.125069][ T9805]  iterate_dir+0x296/0xb20\n[  667.125076][ T9805]  __x64_sys_getdents64+0x13c/0x2c0\n[  667.125084][ T9805]  ? __pfx___x64_sys_getdents64+0x10/0x10\n[  667.125091][ T9805]  ? __x64_sys_openat+0x141/0x200\n[  667.125126][ T9805]  ? __pfx_filldir64+0x10/0x10\n[  667.125134][ T9805]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x7fe/0x12f0\n[  667.125143][ T9805]  do_syscall_64+0xc9/0x480\n[  667.125151][ T9805]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n[  667.125158][ T9805] RIP: 0033:0x7fa8753b2fc9\n[  667.125164][ T9805] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 48\n[  667.125172][ T9805] RSP: 002b:00007ffe96f8e0f8 EFLAGS: 00000217 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000d9\n[  667.125181][ T9805] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007fa8753b2fc9\n[  667.125185][ T9805] RDX: 0000000000000400 RSI: 00002000000063c0 RDI: 0000000000000004\n[  667.125190][ T9805] RBP: 00007ffe96f8e110 R08: 00007ffe96f8e110 R09: 00007ffe96f8e110\n[  667.125195][ T9805] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000217 R12: 0000556b1e3b4260\n[  667.125199][ T9805] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000\n[  667.125207][ T9805]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n[  667.125210][ T9805]\n[  667.145632][ T9805] Allocated by task 9805:\n[  667.145991][ T9805]  kasan_save_stack+0x20/0x40\n[  667.146352][ T9805]  kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n[  667.146717][ T9805]  __kasan_kmalloc+0xaa/0xb0\n[  667.147065][ T9805]  __kmalloc_noprof+0x205/0x550\n[  667.147448][ T9805]  hfsplus_find_init+0x95/0x1f0\n[  667.147813][ T9805]  hfsplus_readdir+0x220/0xfc0\n[  667.148174][ T9805]  iterate_dir+0x296/0xb20\n[  667.148549][ T9805]  __x64_sys_getdents64+0x13c/0x2c0\n[  667.148937][ T9805]  do_syscall_64+0xc9/0x480\n[  667.149291][ T9805]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n[  667.149809][ T9805]\n[  667.150030][ T9805] The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88802592f000\n[  667.150030][ T9805]  which belongs to the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048\n[  667.151282][ T9805] The buggy address is located 0 bytes to the right of\n[  667.151282][ T9805]  allocated 1036-byte region [ffff88802592f000, ffff88802592f40c)\n[  667.1\n---truncated---"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Don\u0027t (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O\n\nWhen completing emulation of instruction that generated a userspace exit\nfor I/O, don\u0027t recheck L1 intercepts as KVM has already finished that\nphase of instruction execution, i.e. has already committed to allowing L2\nto perform I/O.  If L1 (or host userspace) modifies the I/O permission\nbitmaps during the exit to userspace,  KVM will treat the access as being\nintercepted despite already having emulated the I/O access.\n\nPivot on EMULTYPE_NO_DECODE to detect that KVM is completing emulation.\nOf the three users of EMULTYPE_NO_DECODE, only complete_emulated_io() (the\nintended \"recipient\") can reach the code in question.  gp_interception()\u0027s\nuse is mutually exclusive with is_guest_mode(), and\ncomplete_emulated_insn_gp() unconditionally pairs EMULTYPE_NO_DECODE with\nEMULTYPE_SKIP.\n\nThe bad behavior was detected by a syzkaller program that toggles port I/O\ninterception during the userspace I/O exit, ultimately resulting in a WARN\non vcpu-\u003earch.pio.count being non-zero due to KVM no completing emulation\nof the I/O instruction.\n\n  WARNING: CPU: 23 PID: 1083 at arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:8039 emulator_pio_in_out+0x154/0x170 [kvm]\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 23 UID: 1000 PID: 1083 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.16.0-rc5-c1610d2d66b1-next-vm #74 NONE\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:emulator_pio_in_out+0x154/0x170 [kvm]\n  PKRU: 55555554\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   kvm_fast_pio+0xd6/0x1d0 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x149/0x610 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xda8/0x1ac0 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x244/0x8c0 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x5d/0xc60\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e"
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires either `KVM_RUN`/`ioctl()` access to `/dev/kvm` on the host or code execution inside a guest running a nested hypervisor; there is no network-reachable path to `x86_emulate_insn()`.\nAC:L - The syzkaller reproducer deterministically toggles the port-I/O bitmap while servicing the `KVM_EXIT_IO` exit, and the guest-side variant only needs a second L1 vCPU to write the bitmap page \u2014 the attacker controls both sides of the window, and nested virt is enabled by default on kvm_intel/kvm_amd.\nPR:L - The attacker needs only unprivileged access to `/dev/kvm` (commonly granted via the `kvm` group or a VMM process), or ordinary code execution inside a guest; no root or CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The vCPU thread reaches the buggy re-check on the normal `KVM_RUN` re-entry path after a userspace I/O exit; no victim action is needed.\nS:C - A guest (L1/L2) triggers corrupted state and a WARN/panic in the host kernel\u0027s KVM module, crossing the guest-to-host security boundary, and the aborted emulation also crosses the L1/L2 authority boundary by delivering an I/O intercept L1 never legitimately received.\nC:L - The stale `pio.count`/`pio.size` makes the next emulated `in` take the completion path and hand back data captured during the earlier I/O read on L2\u0027s behalf, leaking bounded `pio_data` contents across the L1/L2 boundary; the copy is capped at the 1024-byte `read_cache`, so it is not an arbitrary read.\nI:L - KVM injects a nested IOIO VM-exit to L1 for an access it already performed against the host device model (double execution) and subsequently substitutes stale `pio_data` for a real port read, corrupting guest I/O state in a limited, non-arbitrary way.\nA:H - The un-cleared `vcpu-\u003earch.pio.count` trips `WARN_ON_ONCE()` in `emulator_pio_in_out()` in the host kernel \u2014 a full host panic on the widely deployed `panic_on_warn=1` configuration \u2014 and leaves the vCPU with permanently desynchronized emulation state."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: ets: use old \u0027nbands\u0027 while purging unused classes\n\nShuang reported sch_ets test-case [1] crashing in ets_class_qlen_notify()\nafter recent changes from Lion [2]. The problem is: in ets_qdisc_change()\nwe purge unused DWRR queues; the value of \u0027q-\u003enbands\u0027 is the new one, and\nthe cleanup should be done with the old one. The problem is here since my\nfirst attempts to fix ets_qdisc_change(), but it surfaced again after the\nrecent qdisc len accounting fixes. Fix it purging idle DWRR queues before\nassigning a new value of \u0027q-\u003enbands\u0027, so that all purge operations find a\nconsistent configuration:\n\n - old \u0027q-\u003enbands\u0027 because it\u0027s needed by ets_class_find()\n - old \u0027q-\u003enstrict\u0027 because it\u0027s needed by ets_class_is_strict()\n\n BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000\n #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n PGD 0 P4D 0\n Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 62 UID: 0 PID: 39457 Comm: tc Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.12.0-116.el10.x86_64 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R640/06DKY5, BIOS 2.12.2 07/09/2021\n RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x4/0x80\n Code: ff 4c 39 c7 0f 84 39 19 8e ff b8 01 00 00 00 c3 cc cc cc cc 66 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa \u003c48\u003e 8b 17 48 8b 4f 08 48 85 d2 0f 84 56 19 8e ff 48 85 c9 0f 84 ab\n RSP: 0018:ffffba186009f400 EFLAGS: 00010202\n RAX: 00000000000000d6 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000004\n RDX: ffff9f0fa29b69c0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000\n RBP: ffffffffc12c2400 R08: 0000000000000008 R09: 0000000000000004\n R10: ffffffffffffffff R11: 0000000000000004 R12: 0000000000000000\n R13: ffff9f0f8cfe0000 R14: 0000000000100005 R15: 0000000000000000\n FS:  00007f2154f37480(0000) GS:ffff9f269c1c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000001530be001 CR4: 00000000007726f0\n DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n PKRU: 55555554\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  ets_class_qlen_notify+0x65/0x90 [sch_ets]\n  qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog+0x74/0x110\n  ets_qdisc_change+0x630/0xa40 [sch_ets]\n  __tc_modify_qdisc.constprop.0+0x216/0x7f0\n  tc_modify_qdisc+0x7c/0x120\n  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x145/0x3f0\n  netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n  netlink_unicast+0x245/0x390\n  netlink_sendmsg+0x21b/0x470\n  ____sys_sendmsg+0x39d/0x3d0\n  ___sys_sendmsg+0x9a/0xe0\n  __sys_sendmsg+0x7a/0xd0\n  do_syscall_64+0x7d/0x160\n  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n RIP: 0033:0x7f2155114084\n Code: 89 02 b8 ff ff ff ff eb bb 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d 25 f0 0c 00 00 74 13 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 89\n RSP: 002b:00007fff1fd7a988 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\n RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000560ec063e5e0 RCX: 00007f2155114084\n RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007fff1fd7a9f0 RDI: 0000000000000003\n RBP: 00007fff1fd7aa60 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: 000000000000003f\n R10: 0000560ee9b3a010 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff1fd7aae0\n R13: 000000006891ccde R14: 0000560ec063e5e0 R15: 00007fff1fd7aad0\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/e08c7f4a6882f260011909a868311c6e9b54f3e4.1639153474.git.dcaratti@redhat.com/\n [2] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/d912cbd7-193b-4269-9857-525bee8bbb6a@gmail.com/"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdfddcde86e8b9245d9c0c2efe2b6fe8dcf6bf41"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be9692dafdfb36d9c43afd9d4e1d9d9ba8e7b51b"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97ec167cd2e8a81a2d87331a2ed92daf007542c8"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b3b346bc4c2aa2c428735438a11989d251f32f1"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87c6efc5ce9c126ae4a781bc04504b83780e3650"
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      ],
      "title": "net/sched: ets: use old \u0027nbands\u0027 while purging unused classes",
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              "version": "6.16.1",
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvdpa/mlx5: Fix release of uninitialized resources on error path\n\nThe commit in the fixes tag made sure that mlx5_vdpa_free()\nis the single entrypoint for removing the vdpa device resources\nadded in mlx5_vdpa_dev_add(), even in the cleanup path of\nmlx5_vdpa_dev_add().\n\nThis means that all functions from mlx5_vdpa_free() should be able to\nhandle uninitialized resources. This was not the case though:\nmlx5_vdpa_destroy_mr_resources() and mlx5_cmd_cleanup_async_ctx()\nwere not able to do so. This caused the splat below when adding\na vdpa device without a MAC address.\n\nThis patch fixes these remaining issues:\n\n- Makes mlx5_vdpa_destroy_mr_resources() return early if called on\n  uninitialized resources.\n\n- Moves mlx5_cmd_init_async_ctx() early on during device addition\n  because it can\u0027t fail. This means that mlx5_cmd_cleanup_async_ctx()\n  also can\u0027t fail. To mirror this, move the call site of\n  mlx5_cmd_cleanup_async_ctx() in mlx5_vdpa_free().\n\nAn additional comment was added in mlx5_vdpa_free() to document\nthe expectations of functions called from this context.\n\nSplat:\n\n  mlx5_core 0000:b5:03.2: mlx5_vdpa_dev_add:3950:(pid 2306) warning: No mac address provisioned?\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  WARNING: CPU: 13 PID: 2306 at kernel/workqueue.c:4207 __flush_work+0x9a/0xb0\n  [...]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   ? __try_to_del_timer_sync+0x61/0x90\n   ? __timer_delete_sync+0x2b/0x40\n   mlx5_vdpa_destroy_mr_resources+0x1c/0x40 [mlx5_vdpa]\n   mlx5_vdpa_free+0x45/0x160 [mlx5_vdpa]\n   vdpa_release_dev+0x1e/0x50 [vdpa]\n   device_release+0x31/0x90\n   kobject_cleanup+0x37/0x130\n   mlx5_vdpa_dev_add+0x327/0x890 [mlx5_vdpa]\n   vdpa_nl_cmd_dev_add_set_doit+0x2c1/0x4d0 [vdpa]\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xd8/0x130\n   genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220\n   ? __pfx_vdpa_nl_cmd_dev_add_set_doit+0x10/0x10 [vdpa]\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0\n   ? __pfx_genl_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n   genl_rcv+0x24/0x40\n   netlink_unicast+0x27b/0x3b0\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430\n   __sys_sendto+0x1fa/0x210\n   ? ___pte_offset_map+0x17/0x160\n   ? next_uptodate_folio+0x85/0x2b0\n   ? percpu_counter_add_batch+0x51/0x90\n   ? filemap_map_pages+0x515/0x660\n   __x64_sys_sendto+0x20/0x30\n   do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0\n   ? do_read_fault+0x108/0x220\n   ? do_pte_missing+0x14a/0x3e0\n   ? __handle_mm_fault+0x321/0x730\n   ? count_memcg_events+0x13f/0x180\n   ? handle_mm_fault+0x1fb/0x2d0\n   ? do_user_addr_fault+0x20c/0x700\n   ? syscall_exit_work+0x104/0x140\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n  RIP: 0033:0x7f0c25b0feca\n  [...]\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc51a66815999afb7e9cd845968de4fdf07567b7"
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      "title": "vdpa/mlx5: Fix release of uninitialized resources on error path",
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    "datePublished": "2025-08-22T16:00:36.841Z",
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          "programFiles": [
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: libwx: remove duplicate page_pool_put_full_page()\n\npage_pool_put_full_page() should only be invoked when freeing Rx buffers\nor building a skb if the size is too short. At other times, the pages\nneed to be reused. So remove the redundant page put. In the original\ncode, double free pages cause kernel panic:\n\n[  876.949834]  __irq_exit_rcu+0xc7/0x130\n[  876.949836]  common_interrupt+0xb8/0xd0\n[  876.949838]  \u003c/IRQ\u003e\n[  876.949838]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[  876.949840]  asm_common_interrupt+0x22/0x40\n[  876.949841] RIP: 0010:cpuidle_enter_state+0xc2/0x420\n[  876.949843] Code: 00 00 e8 d1 1d 5e ff e8 ac f0 ff ff 49 89 c5 0f 1f 44 00 00 31 ff e8 cd fc 5c ff 45 84 ff 0f 85 40 02 00 00 fb 0f 1f 44 00 00 \u003c45\u003e 85 f6 0f 88 84 01 00 00 49 63 d6 48 8d 04 52 48 8d 04 82 49 8d\n[  876.949844] RSP: 0018:ffffaa7340267e78 EFLAGS: 00000246\n[  876.949845] RAX: ffff9e3f135be000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000000000\n[  876.949846] RDX: 000000cc2dc4cb7c RSI: ffffffff89ee49ae RDI: ffffffff89ef9f9e\n[  876.949847] RBP: ffff9e378f940800 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 00000000000000ed\n[  876.949848] R10: 000000000000afc8 R11: ffff9e3e9e5a9b6c R12: ffffffff8a6d8580\n[  876.949849] R13: 000000cc2dc4cb7c R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000000\n[  876.949852]  ? cpuidle_enter_state+0xb3/0x420\n[  876.949855]  cpuidle_enter+0x29/0x40\n[  876.949857]  cpuidle_idle_call+0xfd/0x170\n[  876.949859]  do_idle+0x7a/0xc0\n[  876.949861]  cpu_startup_entry+0x25/0x30\n[  876.949862]  start_secondary+0x117/0x140\n[  876.949864]  common_startup_64+0x13e/0x148\n[  876.949867]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n[  876.949868] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n[  876.949869] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[  876.949870] list_del corruption, ffffead40445a348-\u003enext is NULL\n[  876.949873] WARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 0 at lib/list_debug.c:52 __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x67/0x120\n[  876.949875] Modules linked in: snd_hrtimer(E) bnep(E) binfmt_misc(E) amdgpu(E) squashfs(E) vfat(E) loop(E) fat(E) amd_atl(E) snd_hda_codec_realtek(E) intel_rapl_msr(E) snd_hda_codec_generic(E) intel_rapl_common(E) snd_hda_scodec_component(E) snd_hda_codec_hdmi(E) snd_hda_intel(E) edac_mce_amd(E) snd_intel_dspcfg(E) snd_hda_codec(E) snd_hda_core(E) amdxcp(E) kvm_amd(E) snd_hwdep(E) gpu_sched(E) drm_panel_backlight_quirks(E) cec(E) snd_pcm(E) drm_buddy(E) snd_seq_dummy(E) drm_ttm_helper(E) btusb(E) kvm(E) snd_seq_oss(E) btrtl(E) ttm(E) btintel(E) snd_seq_midi(E) btbcm(E) drm_exec(E) snd_seq_midi_event(E) i2c_algo_bit(E) snd_rawmidi(E) bluetooth(E) drm_suballoc_helper(E) irqbypass(E) snd_seq(E) ghash_clmulni_intel(E) sha512_ssse3(E) drm_display_helper(E) aesni_intel(E) snd_seq_device(E) rfkill(E) snd_timer(E) gf128mul(E) drm_client_lib(E) drm_kms_helper(E) snd(E) i2c_piix4(E) joydev(E) soundcore(E) wmi_bmof(E) ccp(E) k10temp(E) i2c_smbus(E) gpio_amdpt(E) i2c_designware_platform(E) gpio_generic(E) sg(E)\n[  876.949914]  i2c_designware_core(E) sch_fq_codel(E) parport_pc(E) drm(E) ppdev(E) lp(E) parport(E) fuse(E) nfnetlink(E) ip_tables(E) ext4 crc16 mbcache jbd2 sd_mod sfp mdio_i2c i2c_core txgbe ahci ngbe pcs_xpcs libahci libwx r8169 phylink libata realtek ptp pps_core video wmi\n[  876.949933] CPU: 14 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/14 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G        W   E       6.16.0-rc2+ #20 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n[  876.949935] Tainted: [W]=WARN, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\n[  876.949936] Hardware name: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. MS-7E16/X670E GAMING PLUS WIFI (MS-7E16), BIOS 1.90 12/31/2024\n[  876.949936] RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x67/0x120\n[  876.949938] Code: 00 00 00 48 39 7d 08 0f 85 a6 00 00 00 5b b8 01 00 00 00 5d 41 5c e9 73 0d 93 ff 48 89 fe 48 c7 c7 a0 31 e8 89 e8 59 7c b3 ff \u003c0f\u003e 0b 31 c0 5b 5d 41 5c e9 57 0d 93 ff 48 89 fe 48 c7 c7 c8 31 e8\n[  876.949940] RSP: 0018:ffffaa73405d0c60 EFLAGS: 00010282\n[  876.949941] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffead40445a348 RCX: 0000000000000000\n[  876.949942] RDX: 0000000000000105 RSI: 00000\n---truncated---"
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is the NIC receive path (`wx_clean_rx_irq`), driven entirely by frames arriving from the network with no local access required. Multi-descriptor frames occur on jumbo-MTU configurations, which in routed jumbo-enabled datacenter fabrics are reachable from non-adjacent remote hosts.\nAC:L - Once the interface uses an MTU above the 2 KB RX buffer size, every sufficiently large received frame deterministically takes the non-EOP path and triggers the duplicate `page_pool_put_full_page()` \u2014 there is no race and no memory-layout condition the attacker must win.\nPR:N - The attacker needs no account, credentials, or capabilities on the target; the bug fires in softirq context while processing unauthenticated inbound packets, before any protocol-level authentication.\nUI:N - Packet reception and NAPI polling happen automatically; no administrator or user action on the victim is needed once the interface is up.\nS:U - The double free corrupts kernel page-allocator and page-pool state within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The prematurely released page is reallocated from the page pool while still referenced by a live skb, so contents belonging to other packets or other kernel allocations are delivered up the network stack to userspace sockets, and the double free can be leveraged for broader kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same page is owned by two consumers at once, so hardware DMA of attacker-supplied packet bytes writes into memory another subsystem holds, and the page-allocator freelist corruption yields a classic double-free write primitive exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The reported failure is a kernel panic with `list_del` corruption and a WARNING in `__list_del_entry_valid_or_report()` during `__rmqueue_pcplist`, and the corruption is repeatable with every large frame received."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: move page table sync declarations to linux/pgtable.h\n\nDuring our internal testing, we started observing intermittent boot\nfailures when the machine uses 4-level paging and has a large amount of\npersistent memory:\n\n  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffe70000000034\n  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page\n  PGD 0 P4D 0 \n  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  RIP: 0010:__init_single_page+0x9/0x6d\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   __init_zone_device_page+0x17/0x5d\n   memmap_init_zone_device+0x154/0x1bb\n   pagemap_range+0x2e0/0x40f\n   memremap_pages+0x10b/0x2f0\n   devm_memremap_pages+0x1e/0x60\n   dev_dax_probe+0xce/0x2ec [device_dax]\n   dax_bus_probe+0x6d/0xc9\n   [... snip ...]\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nIt turns out that the kernel panics while initializing vmemmap (struct\npage array) when the vmemmap region spans two PGD entries, because the new\nPGD entry is only installed in init_mm.pgd, but not in the page tables of\nother tasks.\n\nAnd looking at __populate_section_memmap():\n  if (vmemmap_can_optimize(altmap, pgmap))                                \n          // does not sync top level page tables\n          r = vmemmap_populate_compound_pages(pfn, start, end, nid, pgmap);\n  else                                                                    \n          // sync top level page tables in x86\n          r = vmemmap_populate(start, end, nid, altmap);\n\nIn the normal path, vmemmap_populate() in arch/x86/mm/init_64.c\nsynchronizes the top level page table (See commit 9b861528a801 (\"x86-64,\nmem: Update all PGDs for direct mapping and vmemmap mapping changes\")) so\nthat all tasks in the system can see the new vmemmap area.\n\nHowever, when vmemmap_can_optimize() returns true, the optimized path\nskips synchronization of top-level page tables.  This is because\nvmemmap_populate_compound_pages() is implemented in core MM code, which\ndoes not handle synchronization of the top-level page tables.  Instead,\nthe core MM has historically relied on each architecture to perform this\nsynchronization manually.\n\nWe\u0027re not the first party to encounter a crash caused by not-sync\u0027d top\nlevel page tables: earlier this year, Gwan-gyeong Mun attempted to address\nthe issue [1] [2] after hitting a kernel panic when x86 code accessed the\nvmemmap area before the corresponding top-level entries were synced.  At\nthat time, the issue was believed to be triggered only when struct page\nwas enlarged for debugging purposes, and the patch did not get further\nupdates.\n\nIt turns out that current approach of relying on each arch to handle the\npage table sync manually is fragile because 1) it\u0027s easy to forget to sync\nthe top level page table, and 2) it\u0027s also easy to overlook that the\nkernel should not access the vmemmap and direct mapping areas before the\nsync.\n\n# The solution: Make page table sync more code robust and harder to miss\n\nTo address this, Dave Hansen suggested [3] [4] introducing\n{pgd,p4d}_populate_kernel() for updating kernel portion of the page tables\nand allow each architecture to explicitly perform synchronization when\ninstalling top-level entries.  With this approach, we no longer need to\nworry about missing the sync step, reducing the risk of future\nregressions.\n\nThe new interface reuses existing ARCH_PAGE_TABLE_SYNC_MASK,\nPGTBL_P*D_MODIFIED and arch_sync_kernel_mappings() facility used by\nvmalloc and ioremap to synchronize page tables.\n\npgd_populate_kernel() looks like this:\nstatic inline void pgd_populate_kernel(unsigned long addr, pgd_t *pgd,\n                                       p4d_t *p4d)\n{\n        pgd_populate(\u0026init_mm, pgd, p4d);\n        if (ARCH_PAGE_TABLE_SYNC_MASK \u0026 PGTBL_PGD_MODIFIED)\n                arch_sync_kernel_mappings(addr, addr);\n}\n\nIt is worth noting that vmalloc() and apply_to_range() carefully\nsynchronizes page tables by calling p*d_alloc_track() and\narch_sync_kernel_mappings(), and thus they are not affected by\n---truncated---"
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