Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
3501 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-13215 (GCVE-0-2026-13215)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 04:37 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zephyr ext2 mount: unvalidated superblock block size causes out-of-bounds write from a crafted filesystem image
Summary
The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver fails to validate the s_log_block_size field of the on-disk superblock when mounting a filesystem. ext2_verify_disk_superblock() in subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c checks the magic number, revision, inode size and group counts, but never bounds s_log_block_size. On a successful verify, subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_ops.c computes fs->block_size = 1024 << superblock.s_log_block_size from this attacker-controlled uint32_t, so a crafted value either overflows the shift (undefined behaviour) or yields a block size far larger than CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE.
That block size is then passed to k_mem_slab_init() by ext2_init_blocks_slab() to carve CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_COUNT blocks out of the fixed static buffer __ext2_block_memory_buffer, whose size is CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_COUNT * CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE. k_mem_slab_init() does not verify that the requested blocks fit the buffer, and the ext2 wrapper discards its return value, so the slab is laid out past the end of the static buffer. The mount immediately reads block-group, bitmap and inode blocks of fs->block_size bytes each into these slab blocks, producing an out-of-bounds write into adjacent static memory on the first block read.
The entire path is gated only by data read from the mounted image, making this reachable by any attacker who can present a crafted ext2 image to a device that mounts it (for example a removable SD card or storage medium). Because the ext2 driver runs in kernel mode, supplying image bytes yields a supervisor-mode memory-corruption primitive, with impact ranging from denial of service to potential code execution.
The fix rejects s_log_block_size values that overflow the shift (greater than 11) or that produce a block size exceeding CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, so the block slab can no longer be initialized larger than its backing buffer.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 15:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
zephyr
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
3.5.0 , < 4.3.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-13214 (GCVE-0-2026-13214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 04:37 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stack buffer overflow in OCPP GetConfiguration key parsing
Summary
The OCPP 1.6 client in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c contains a stack buffer overflow in parse_getconfig_msg(). When handling a GetConfiguration request from the central system, the handler copied the attacker-controlled JSON "key" string into the caller's fixed 50-byte stack buffer (skey[CISTR50], declared in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp.c) using an unbounded strcpy(). The parsed key value points directly into the receive buffer, so its length is bounded only by the message size (CONFIG_OCPP_RECV_BUFFER_SIZE, default 2048).
The GetConfiguration message is delivered over the WebSocket connection that the charge point opens to its configured central system. The reader thread ocpp_wsreader() reads the message into ui->recv_buf and dispatches it to parse_getconfig_msg() via the PDU function table. An attacker who controls the central system endpoint, or a man-in-the-middle on an unencrypted connection, can send a GetConfiguration request whose "key" field exceeds 50 bytes and overflow the reader thread's stack with attacker-chosen bytes.
The consequence is a remotely triggerable stack smash on the OCPP reader thread: at minimum a denial of service, and plausibly remote code execution depending on build-time hardening such as stack canaries and MPU configuration. The fix replaces the strcpy() with a bounded strncpy(key, payload.key[0], CISTR50 - 1) followed by explicit NUL termination, matching the bounded copies already used by the sibling handlers.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 15:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - memory-safety
Assigner
zephyr
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
4.3.0 , < 4.3.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-13196 (GCVE-0-2026-13196)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 15:00 – Updated: 2026-08-14 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds Write in KUNBUS piControl
Summary
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the process-image management functionality of KUNBUS piControl in version 2.6.2 that allows a local authenticated attacker with device configuration access to write attacker-controlled data outside the bounds of the process-image buffer and corrupt adjacent kernel memory, resulting in kernel memory corruption and denial of service, by supplying crafted device configuration data and crafted input through the piControl character device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 19:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
Nozomi
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability… | third-party-advisory |
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CVE-2026-13087 (GCVE-0-2026-13087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 16:51 – Updated: 2026-09-30 16:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
This CVE was reserved in error and duplicates CVE-2026-89530.
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CVE-2026-13086 (GCVE-0-2026-13086)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 23:24 – Updated: 2026-09-03 20:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fireware OS Stack-Based Buffer Overflow in Mobile Security epm Endpoint
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow in the epm (Endpoint Protection Manager) service used by the deprecated Mobile Security feature in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 00:00 UTC
Assigner
WatchGuard
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13086 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2025.0 , < 2026.2.2
(custom)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.12.2 (custom) Affected: 2026.3 , < 2026.3.1 (custom) |
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.5.20
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-08-27 23:24
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CVE-2026-13053 (GCVE-0-2026-13053)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 23:08 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WatchGuard Firebox Authenticated Out of Bounds Write in Management CLI Command Handler
Summary
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS's CLI could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted CLI command.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
WatchGuard
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13053 | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wg… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2025.1 , < 2026.2.1
(custom)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.12.1 (custom) Affected: 11.0 , < * (custom) |
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.11.9
(custom)
|
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.5.19
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-07-02 23:08
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CVE-2026-13050 (GCVE-0-2026-13050)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 23:08 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WatchGuard Firebox networkd Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability
Summary
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS networkd process could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted requests to the Management Web UI.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
WatchGuard
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13050 | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wg… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2025.1 , < 2026.2.1
(custom)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.12.1 (custom) Affected: 11.8 , < * (custom) |
|
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Affected:
12.0 , < 12.11.9
(custom)
|
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.5.19
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-07-02 23:08
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CVE-2026-12927 (GCVE-0-2026-12927)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 12:37 – Updated: 2026-07-29 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
CWE-787 Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists that could cause loss of data or potentially risk arbitrary code execution when a malicious CGF file is imported to IGSS Definition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds write
Assigner
schneider
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Schneider Electric | IGSS Definition (Def.exe) |
Affected:
Version 18.0.0.26124 and prior
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CVE-2026-12844 (GCVE-0-2026-12844)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 15:26 – Updated: 2026-06-25 19:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
List::SomeUtils::XS versions before 0.59 for Perl have a heap buffer overflow in the pairwise function
Summary
List::SomeUtils::XS versions before 0.59 for Perl have a heap buffer overflow in the pairwise function.
pairwise() collects the values returned by the block into a heap buffer sized to the longer input array, then grows the buffer before each copy with a single quadrupling (alloc <<= 2) instead of a loop. A block call that returns more than four times the current allocation in one invocation outgrows that one quadrupling, and the copy writes past the end of the buffer.
Any caller of pairwise() whose block returns, for a single pair, more than four times the longer input array's length writes past the buffer and corrupts the heap.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 18:56 UTC
Assigner
CPANSec
CNA
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DROLSKY | List::SomeUtils::XS |
Affected:
0 , < 0.59
(custom)
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CVE-2026-12634 (GCVE-0-2026-12634)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 20:37 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds stack write in the settings NVS backend from over-reported nvs_read length
Summary
The NVS backend of the Zephyr settings subsystem (subsys/settings/src/settings_nvs.c) reads stored setting-name entries into fixed 74-byte stack buffers and NUL-terminates them with buf[rc] = '\0', where rc is the return value of nvs_read(). Per its contract, nvs_read() returns the full stored entry length (wlk_ate.len), which can exceed the supplied buffer length — only MIN(len, stored_len) bytes are actually copied, but the return value may be much larger, bounded only by the NVS sector size. Three sites (settings_nvs_cache_match(), settings_nvs_load(), and settings_nvs_save()) used this value directly as the NUL index without clamping, so an oversized stored name entry causes a single \0 byte to be written past the end of the stack buffer at an attacker-influenced offset (CWE-787).
The oversized entry cannot arise through the normal settings API, where names are bounded by SETTINGS_MAX_NAME_LEN. It requires an actor able to write the flash that backs the settings partition — a co-resident or untrusted component sharing the flash device, a malicious settings image/restore, or offline/physical flash access (a shared-flash threat model). The malformed entry is parsed when settings_load() runs at boot or subsystem init, or during settings_save().
The out-of-bounds write is a single NUL byte at an offset equal to the crafted entry length (up to the NVS sector size), so the practical impact is a crash or denial of service and limited stack corruption rather than reliable code execution. There is no confidentiality impact, and the path is not reachable from the network through the ordinary settings interface. The fix skips any entry whose nvs_read() length is greater than or equal to the buffer size before performing the NUL store.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 15:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
zephyr
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 4.3.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.5.0 (semver) |
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.