Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
2353 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-111759 (GCVE-0-2026-111759)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 17:39 – Updated: 2026-10-19 18:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
markdown-it: Quadratic complexity in smartquotes with unmatched closing quotes
Summary
markdown-it is a Markdown parser. Prior to 14.3.2 and 15.0.2, when typographer: true is enabled, specially crafted Markdown can cause quadratic processing time in the smartquotes rule, potentially leading to denial of service in applications processing untrusted input. Many opening double quotes followed by unmatched closing single quotes cause repeated scans of the entire opener stack. The same issue occurs with the quote types reversed. The default configuration (typographer: false) is not affected, but this option is enabled with high probability. This issue is fixed in versions 14.3.2 and 15.0.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 18:22 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| markdown-it | markdown-it |
Affected:
>= 15.0.0, < 15.0.2
Affected: < 14.3.2 |
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CVE-2026-111758 (GCVE-0-2026-111758)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 20:28 – Updated: 2026-10-28 16:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
markdown-it: Quadratic-time rendering of a single multi-line link reference definition with default options (regression since 14.0)
Summary
markdown-it is a Markdown parser. From versions 14.1.0 to before 14.3.3, and 15.0.0 to before 15.0.3, a link reference definition whose label or title is never closed is O(n²) with default options. Continuation lines are pulled lazily with str += lineContent in src/rules_block/reference.ts, and the subsequent charCodeAt and slice calls flatten the V8 cons-string, copying everything collected so far; this runs before the rule decides the definition is invalid. No options are required to trigger it. This issue has been patched in versions 14.3.3 and 15.0.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 16:39 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| markdown-it | markdown-it |
Affected:
>= 14.1.0, < 14.3.3
Affected: >= 15.0.0, < 15.0.3 |
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CVE-2026-111752 (GCVE-0-2026-111752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 20:52 – Updated: 2026-11-09 15:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Angular: Denial of Service via Unmatched Empty-Path Outlet Route Matching in Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
Summary
Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. Prior to 20.3.33, 21.2.25, and 22.2.1, @angular/router in Node.js server-side rendering fails to require auxiliary outlet URL segments to match routes configured for their outlet names. Crafted requests containing multiple unconfigured empty-path outlet groups can repeatedly evaluate the route configuration, construct duplicate ActivatedRouteSnapshot trees, execute canMatch guards and resolvers, and copy route parameters and queryParams for each outlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exhaust the Node.js heap or CPU and terminate an SSR worker when SSR is enabled, a route level contains an empty-path route or named outlet, upstream infrastructure forwards the request target, and the worker has a constrained heap. The allocation is transient rather than a persistent leak, and client-side SPAs and build-time prerendering are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 20.3.33, 21.2.25, and 22.2.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-09 15:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/angular/angular/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/70932 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/70997 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/pull/71055 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/a83f811… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/b0d2ba0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/e9bf52a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/releases/tag/v22.2.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-111751 (GCVE-0-2026-111751)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 20:58 – Updated: 2026-11-07 03:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Angular: Denial of Service via RouterLink Query Parameter Retention in Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
Summary
Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. From 21.2.0 until 21.2.25 and 22.2.1, RouterLink directives rendered during Node.js server-side rendering retain computed UrlTree instances for the lifetime of each request. When queryParamsHandling is set to merge or preserve, either per link or through defaultQueryParamsHandling, every rendered link can retain a copy of attacker-controlled query parameters in its UrlTree. When upstream proxies or load balancers forward oversized query strings without rejecting them at the edge, multiple affected links and overlapping renders can amplify heap use until the Node.js old-space heap is exhausted and the SSR worker terminates. Numeric query-parameter names increase allocation pressure but are not required, memory is released after rendering completes, and pure client-side SPAs are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 21.2.25 and 22.2.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-07 03:34 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/angular/angular/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/70908 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/pull/70953 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/14793bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/a131f77… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/angular/angular/releases/tag/v22.2.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-111551 (GCVE-0-2026-111551)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 16:45 – Updated: 2026-11-05 17:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Kafka: Denial of service in Kafka Streams and client deserializers via unbounded memory allocation
Summary
Several Kafka deserialization paths read a size or count field from input data and use it directly to allocate an array, collection, or byte buffer, with no check against the bytes actually available. A small crafted input can therefore declare a very large size and force a multi-gigabyte allocation. The affected paths are, in Kafka Streams, ProcessorRecordContext (header count), ChangedDeserializer (varint value length), CombinedKeySchema (foreign-key length, which could also produce a negative size), ProcessorMetadata (key length), and AssignmentInfo group-assignment decoding; and, in the clients library, ListDeserializer (used by ListSerde).
Impact:
An attacker can trigger the oversized allocation and raise an OutOfMemoryError that crashes the affected consumer or Kafka Streams thread; the broker and the rest of the cluster are unaffected. The reachable surface depends on the path: writing a crafted record to a Streams application's internal changelog or repartition topics, or committing crafted offset metadata to its consumer group (Streams internal paths); writing a crafted record to any topic that a consumer reads with ListSerde (ListDeserializer); or, as a member of a Streams consumer group, returning crafted assignment data when elected leader (AssignmentInfo). Because a crafted record remains in its topic, the error can recur on restart. The record size limit (max.message.bytes) does not help, because the allocation is driven by a size field rather than by the input's length.
Mitigation:
Upgrade to Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, or 4.4.0. Where authorization is enabled, restrict write access to each application's internal topics and consumer group to its own principal, and restrict who can produce to topics that are consumed with ListSerde.
Resolution:
From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, and 4.4.0: these deserialization paths validate the declared size against the remaining input before allocating and reject input that fails the check.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 17:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Kafka |
Affected:
0.10.0.0 , ≤ 4.1.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.2.0 , ≤ 4.2.1 (semver) Affected: 4.3.0 , ≤ 4.3.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-111378 (GCVE-0-2026-111378)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 01:17 – Updated: 2026-10-16 16:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 Unauthenticated Memory Exhaustion via NLA Frame Parser
Summary
FreeRDP from 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in parse_nla_mode_pdu that allows unauthenticated attackers to exhaust server memory. Attackers can complete TLS and stream bytes not beginning with the DER SEQUENCE tag 0x30, causing unbounded receive buffer growth before NLA authentication.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 16:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-3.0.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-111377 (GCVE-0-2026-111377)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 01:17 – Updated: 2026-10-16 17:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP 2.0.0 before 3.32.0 Memory Exhaustion via Static Channel Reassembly
Summary
FreeRDP from 2.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains an unbounded reassembly vulnerability in WTSProcessChannelData that fails to enforce cumulative fragment limits. Authenticated clients can start a static virtual channel message, withhold the LAST flag, and send endless fragments to exhaust server memory.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 16:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-2.0.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-111252 (GCVE-0-2026-111252)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 18:56 – Updated: 2026-10-16 19:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenNMS denial of service via XML entity expansion
Summary
A denial of service vulnerability exists in the XML parsing of multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. OpenNMS parsed XML without an effective limit on entity expansion. A document with a DOCTYPE that declares internal entities can expand to a very large value and exhaust the server memory. An authenticated user with provisioning access can supply such a document through a requisition or foreign-source import, which includes a remote requisition URL that the server fetches and parses. Both deeply nested entities and a single large entity referenced many times cause the memory exhaustion. The fix caps the number of entity expansions for all XML parsing and rejects any DOCTYPE in requisition and foreign-source XML.
The solution is to upgrade to Meridian 2024.3.14, 2025.0.11, 2026.0.1 and Horizon 36.0.5 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization's private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 19:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
OpenNMS
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenNMS/opennms/pull/8898 | patch |
| https://github.com/OpenNMS/opennms/pull/8952 | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The OpenNMS Group | Meridian |
Affected:
2024.1.0 , < 2024.3.14
(maven)
Affected: 2025.0.0 , < 2025.0.11 (maven) Affected: 2026.0.0 , < 2026.0.1 (maven) |
|
| The OpenNMS Group | Horizon |
Affected:
36.0.0 , < 36.0.5
(maven)
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CVE-2026-111108 (GCVE-0-2026-111108)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 16:38 – Updated: 2026-11-05 19:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Kafka: Broker OutOfMemoryError via array allocation amplification in code-generated protocol readers
Summary
Apache Kafka's code-generated protocol readers pre-size an array's collection from the element count declared by the sender. That count is checked only against the bytes remaining in the request buffer, which assumes about one byte per element; because most elements need several bytes, a request can declare far more elements than the buffer holds and still pass. For a keyed array the reader then allocates an ImplicitLinkedHashCollection of capacity (2 * count +1), so a request of a few tens of megabytes can force a heap allocation several times larger before any element is read. The pattern is emitted into every generated reader, so it affects all Kafka API types with an array field.
Impact:
Request parsing happens before any authorization check. On a listener that does not require authentication (for example PLAINTEXT), an unauthenticated attacker can send a few concurrent requests that each declare a very large=
array length and allocate many times their wire size in broker heap, crashing the broker with an OutOfMemoryError. The reporter demonstrated three concurrent ~90 MB ProduceRequest (v3) connections exhausting a 1 GB heap (~8x amplification). On listeners that require authentication, the attacker needs valid credentials but no specific ACL, since parsing precedes authorization..
Mitigation:
Upgrade to Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, or 4.4.0. Until then, lowering socket.request.max.bytes and restricting network access to broker listeners reduces, but does not remove, exposure.
Resolution:
From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, and 4.4.0: generated readers cap the initial array pre-allocation at MessageUtil.MAX_PREALLOCATED_ARRAY_CAPACITY (1000) and grow it on demand, and reject a declared array length above MessageUtil.MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH (1,000,000).
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 19:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Kafka |
Affected:
3.3.0 , ≤ 4.1.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.2.0 , ≤ 4.2.1 (semver) Affected: 4.3.0 , ≤ 4.3.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-111073 (GCVE-0-2026-111073)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 16:37 – Updated: 2026-11-05 19:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Kafka: PushTelemetry (KIP-714) metrics payloads are decompressed without a size limit, allowing a broker out-of-memory denial of service
Summary
The broker-side PushTelemetry API (KIP-714) validates only the compressed size of a client's metrics payload against telemetry.max.bytes (default 1 MB) before decompressing it. ClientTelemetryUtils.decompress() then decompresses the payload with no limit on the decompressed output size, growing a heap buffer until the compressed input is exhausted. A small, highly compressible payload (for example gzip-compressed zeros) can therefore expand to hundreds of megabytes of broker heap.
Impact:
An authenticated client can send a PushTelemetry request with a small compressed payload that decompresses to a very large size, consuming broker heap out of proportion to the request size. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the broker heap and cause an OutOfMemoryError, degrading or crashing the broker; a client that targets multiple brokers can affect cluster availability. PushTelemetry is available to any authenticated client and is not gated by an ACL.
Mitigation:
Upgrade to Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.1, or 4.4.0. On affected versions there is no configuration that fully prevents the amplification, because telemetry.max.bytes bounds only the compressed size; lowering telemetry.max.bytes reduces the worst-case decompressed size proportionally and is a partial mitigation.
Resolution:
- From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.1, and 4.4.0: ClientTelemetryUtils.decompress() enforces a maximum decompressed size equal to telemetry.max.bytes (default 1 MB). Decompression reads in bounded chunks and aborts with a TelemetryTooLargeException once the decompressed total exceeds the limit, so an over-large or highly compressible payload is rejected instead of being fully expanded in heap. The decompressed size is therefore bounded by default.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 19:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Kafka |
Affected:
3.7.0 , ≤ 4.1.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.2.0 , ≤ 4.2.1 (semver) Affected: 4.3.0 (semver) |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.