Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
2353 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-111066 (GCVE-0-2026-111066)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 16:59 – Updated: 2026-10-20 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AIOHTTP: File descriptor exhaustion in multipart requests
Summary
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. From 2.0.0 until 3.14.4, multipart request processing can retain an unbounded number of open file descriptors. An unauthenticated attacker can consequently exhaust file descriptors with specially crafted multipart requests when a handler uses Request.post(). This issue is fixed in version 3.14.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 15:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/2d9463… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-110932 (GCVE-0-2026-110932)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 16:04 – Updated: 2026-11-06 17:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: unauthenticated persistent disk exhaustion via theme gzip cache
Summary
A flaw was found in the theme resource endpoint of Keycloak, an open-source identity and access management solution. The issue occurs because the server fails to validate theme names before using them as keys for an on-disk gzip cache. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending many requests with unique, fabricated theme names, leading to persistent disk space exhaustion that survives server restarts and causes service disruptions.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 18:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95761 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95762 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-110932 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2553049 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6.8-2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6-24 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2025-11-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-110872 (GCVE-0-2026-110872)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:53 – Updated: 2026-10-15 13:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nodemailer 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 Denial of Service via SMTP Reply Parsing
Summary
Nodemailer from 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 contains a quadratic complexity denial of service vulnerability in the SMTP client reply parser in SMTPConnection._onData and isPartialResponse. A malicious SMTP server or on-path attacker can stream continuation lines without a completion line before authentication, blocking the Node.js event loop and exhausting memory.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 13:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nodemailer-3… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nodemailer | nodemailer |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 10.0.10
(semver)
Unaffected: 10.0.10 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:nodemailer:nodemailer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-110871 (GCVE-0-2026-110871)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:52 – Updated: 2026-10-20 02:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nodemailer 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 Quadratic DKIM Header Unfolding Denial of Service
Summary
Nodemailer from 3.0.0 before 10.0.10 contains a denial of service vulnerability in MessageParser.parseHeaders that allows users to exhaust CPU through quadratic header unfolding. Attackers can supply large recipient lists or long headers that fold into tens of thousands of continuation lines, blocking the Node.js event loop during DKIM signing.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 02:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nodemailer-3… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nodemailer | nodemailer |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 10.0.10
(semver)
Unaffected: 10.0.10 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:nodemailer:nodemailer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-110833 (GCVE-0-2026-110833)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:52 – Updated: 2026-10-16 17:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 Unbounded Memory Retention via RDPDR Proxy
Summary
FreeRDP from 3.0.0-beta1 before 3.32.0 fails to enforce cumulative or absolute size limits when reassembling RDPDR channel fragments in the proxy. Attackers can send a FIRST fragment followed by continuation fragments without LAST, growing per-session heap streams proportional to traffic and exhausting proxy memory.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 16:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
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Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
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CVE-2026-110832 (GCVE-0-2026-110832)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:52 – Updated: 2026-10-15 13:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP 2.0.0 before 3.32.0 Memory Exhaustion via DRDYNVC DATA_FIRST
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 13:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-2.0.… | third-party-advisory |
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Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-110830 (GCVE-0-2026-110830)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:52 – Updated: 2026-10-15 18:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 Denial of Service via Serial IRP_MJ_CREATE
Summary
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 fails to close prior serial handles in serial_process_irp_create, allowing a malicious RDP server to exhaust file descriptors. Attackers can send repeated serial IRP_MJ_CREATE requests to accumulate descriptors and terminate the client at the CommReadFile FD_SETSIZE assertion.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 18:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-110803 (GCVE-0-2026-110803)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 18:22 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Session Lock Leak on an Invalid UI Id Allows Denial of Service in Vaadin Framework 8
Summary
VaadinService.requestEnd() in Vaadin Framework 8 locks the session and then reads the v-uiId request parameter outside the block that releases the lock. A request carrying a non-numeric v-uiId makes Integer.parseInt throw while the session lock is held, so the lock is never released and the container thread returns to its pool still owning it. Every later request to that session then blocks forever in VaadinService.lockSession(), and repeating the request exhausts the thread pool and takes the application down. No authentication is required: a session cookie, which any client obtains with a single request, is enough. Vaadin 10 and later are not affected, because Flow releases the lock in a finally block and does not read that parameter there, and Vaadin Framework 7 is not affected either.
Users of affected versions should apply the following mitigation or upgrade. Releases that have fixed this issue include:
Product version
Vaadin Framework 8.16.0 - 8.32.1
Mitigation
Upgrade to 8.32.2
Vaadin Framework 7 and Vaadin 10 and later do not carry this behaviour and need no upgrade for this issue.
Artifacts
Maven coordinates / Vulnerable versions / Fixed version
com.vaadin:vaadin-server / 8.16.0 - 8.32.1 / >=8.32.2
com.vaadin:vaadin-server-mpr-jakarta / 8.18.0 - 8.32.1 / >=8.32.2
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 17:17 UTC
Assigner
Vaadin
CNA
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-109932 (GCVE-0-2026-109932)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 18:44 – Updated: 2026-10-16 20:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
undici WebSocket client vulnerable to Denial of Service via unbounded automatic PONG buffering
Summary
undici is an HTTP client library for Node.js. In versions 5.15.0 through 6.29.0, 7.0.0 through 7.30.0, and 8.0.0 through 8.12.1, its WebSocket client, including the bundled WebSocket exposed by Node.js, can be driven to exhaust process memory by a malicious or compromised WebSocket server. For every PING frame received, the client automatically writes a PONG response and ignores the backpressure signal from the socket write, so a server that streams small PING frames while never reading the client's PONGs makes the outbound write queue and heap grow without bound until the Node.js process runs out of memory and terminates. The attack is remote and unauthenticated, needs only a normal WebSocket connection, and is asymmetric, since small inbound PINGs produce a much larger retained outbound queue, with availability the only impact. The issue is fixed in undici 6.29.1, 7.30.1, and 8.12.2, which pause WebSocket frame parsing when the automatic PONG response hits socket backpressure and resume on drain, bounding the outbound queue, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. There is no workaround.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 20:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
openjs
CNA
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-109821 (GCVE-0-2026-109821)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 08:54 – Updated: 2026-10-30 16:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded port parsing in URI.parse/1 enables CPU exhaustion denial of service in Elixir
Summary
Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input vulnerability in the Elixir standard library's URI module allows an attacker who supplies a URL to cause a denial of service through CPU exhaustion.
URI.parse/1 converts the port component with String.to_integer/1 in split_authority/1 (lib/elixir/lib/uri.ex) without bounding its length, so a port of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits produces a bignum of that size and a longer one raises SystemLimitError. Rendering the parsed URI back to text (URI.to_string/1, inspect/1, logging, error formatting) converts the bignum with :erlang.integer_to_binary/1, which is quadratic on Erlang/OTP 27, 28 and 29.0: a 400,000-digit port renders in about 2.6 seconds and a 1 MB port in about 18 seconds. Ports above 65535 are also accepted.
This issue affects elixir: from 0.5.0 before 1.18.6, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.7, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.5.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 16:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
EEF
CNA
References
9 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-lang | elixir |
Affected:
0.5.0 , < 1.18.6
(semver)
Affected: 1.19.0-rc.0 , < 1.19.7 (semver) Affected: 1.20.0-rc.0 , < 1.20.5 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| elixir-lang | elixir |
Affected:
39801821eef2d06524e5ebf5a0e4b3c380ad23ae , < *
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-30 08:54
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"changes": [
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{
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{
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{
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],
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"value": "The application parses an attacker-supplied URL with `URI.parse/1`, for example a URL field in a form or JSON request body, and then renders the result or a value containing it. The multi-second render cost requires Erlang/OTP 27, 28 or 29.0; on OTP 29.1 and later rendering a 1 MB port takes under a second. URLs in HTTP headers and the request line are bounded by the server\u0027s size limits."
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{
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"type": "reporter",
"value": "Eric Meadows-J\u00f6nsson"
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{
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{
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{
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"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2026-10-25T10:39:55.000Z",
"datePublic": "2026-10-30T08:54:08.000Z",
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eImproper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input vulnerability in the Elixir standard library\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eURI\u003c/code\u003e module allows an attacker who supplies a URL to cause a denial of service through CPU exhaustion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eURI.parse/1\u003c/code\u003e converts the port component with \u003ccode\u003eString.to_integer/1\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003esplit_authority/1\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003elib/elixir/lib/uri.ex\u003c/code\u003e) without bounding its length, so a port of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits produces a bignum of that size and a longer one raises \u003ccode\u003eSystemLimitError\u003c/code\u003e. Rendering the parsed URI back to text (\u003ccode\u003eURI.to_string/1\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003einspect/1\u003c/code\u003e, logging, error formatting) converts the bignum with \u003ccode\u003e:erlang.integer_to_binary/1\u003c/code\u003e, which is quadratic on Erlang/OTP 27, 28 and 29.0: a 400,000-digit port renders in about 2.6 seconds and a 1 MB port in about 18 seconds. Ports above 65535 are also accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects elixir: from 0.5.0 before 1.18.6, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.7, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.5.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input vulnerability in the Elixir standard library\u0027s `URI` module allows an attacker who supplies a URL to cause a denial of service through CPU exhaustion.\n\n`URI.parse/1` converts the port component with `String.to_integer/1` in `split_authority/1` (`lib/elixir/lib/uri.ex`) without bounding its length, so a port of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits produces a bignum of that size and a longer one raises `SystemLimitError`. Rendering the parsed URI back to text (`URI.to_string/1`, `inspect/1`, logging, error formatting) converts the bignum with `:erlang.integer_to_binary/1`, which is quadratic on Erlang/OTP 27, 28 and 29.0: a 400,000-digit port renders in about 2.6 seconds and a 1 MB port in about 18 seconds. Ports above 65535 are also accepted.\n\nThis issue affects elixir: from 0.5.0 before 1.18.6, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.7, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.5."
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"value": "Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input vulnerability in the Elixir standard library\u0027s URI module allows an attacker who supplies a URL to cause a denial of service through CPU exhaustion.\n\nURI.parse/1 converts the port component with String.to_integer/1 in split_authority/1 (lib/elixir/lib/uri.ex) without bounding its length, so a port of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits produces a bignum of that size and a longer one raises SystemLimitError. Rendering the parsed URI back to text (URI.to_string/1, inspect/1, logging, error formatting) converts the bignum with :erlang.integer_to_binary/1, which is quadratic on Erlang/OTP 27, 28 and 29.0: a 400,000-digit port renders in about 2.6 seconds and a 1 MB port in about 18 seconds. Ports above 65535 are also accepted.\n\nThis issue affects elixir: from 0.5.0 before 1.18.6, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.7, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.5."
}
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn unauthenticated client that submits a URL with a port of hundreds of thousands of digits makes the server build a bignum of that size, and each later rendering of the parsed URI costs seconds of CPU on Erlang/OTP 27, 28 and 29.0. Sustained requests exhaust CPU on applications that parse and log, store or echo user-supplied URLs.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "An unauthenticated client that submits a URL with a port of hundreds of thousands of digits makes the server build a bignum of that size, and each later rendering of the parsed URI costs seconds of CPU on Erlang/OTP 27, 28 and 29.0. Sustained requests exhaust CPU on applications that parse and log, store or echo user-supplied URLs."
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"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"version": "4.0",
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},
{
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"references": [
{
"name": "Unbounded port parsing in URI.parse/1 enables CPU exhaustion denial of service",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/security/advisories/GHSA-327h-97cv-59xg"
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{
"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-109821",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"name": "Fix commit 07d9abc in elixir-lang/elixir",
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"url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/07d9abc3f3ac4c8d2ba8384bd102b6d6205b08b7"
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/d879b39d778fec2f475689573d5672720c4f2a21"
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],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"title": "Unbounded port parsing in URI.parse/1 enables CPU exhaustion denial of service in Elixir",
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eReject long URLs before parsing them, for example anything above a few kilobytes, and reject a parsed \u003ccode\u003eport\u003c/code\u003e above 65535 before rendering or using the \u003ccode\u003e%URI{}\u003c/code\u003e. \u003ccode\u003eURI.new/1\u003c/code\u003e is not affected on Erlang/OTP 27.3.4.17, 28.5.0.6, 29.0.6 and later, where \u003ccode\u003e:uri_string\u003c/code\u003e limits the port to 5 digits.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
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"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Reject long URLs before parsing them, for example anything above a few kilobytes, and reject a parsed `port` above 65535 before rendering or using the `%URI{}`. `URI.new/1` is not affected on Erlang/OTP 27.3.4.17, 28.5.0.6, 29.0.6 and later, where `:uri_string` limits the port to 5 digits."
}
],
"value": "Reject long URLs before parsing them, for example anything above a few kilobytes, and reject a parsed port above 65535 before rendering or using the %URI{}. URI.new/1 is not affected on Erlang/OTP 27.3.4.17, 28.5.0.6, 29.0.6 and later, where :uri_string limits the port to 5 digits."
}
],
"x_proofOfConcept": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
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"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuild \u003ccode\u003eurl = \"http://example.com:\" \u0026lt;\u0026gt; String.duplicate(\"9\", 400_000)\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eURI.parse(url)\u003c/code\u003e returns in about 30 ms.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eURI.to_string(URI.parse(url))\u003c/code\u003e takes 2,613 ms on OTP 27.3.4.18, 2,604 ms on OTP 28.5 and 108 ms on OTP 29.1.1. With 200,000 digits it takes 654 ms on OTP 27 and 28, so the cost grows 4x per doubling.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe same digits placed in the path instead of the port parse and render in 1 ms or less.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eURI.parse(\"http://example.com:65536\").port\u003c/code\u003e returns \u003ccode\u003e65536\u003c/code\u003e, and a port of 1,262,593 digits raises \u003ccode\u003eSystemLimitError\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"
},
{
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"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "1. Build `url = \"http://example.com:\" \u003c\u003e String.duplicate(\"9\", 400_000)`.\n2. `URI.parse(url)` returns in about 30 ms.\n3. `URI.to_string(URI.parse(url))` takes 2,613 ms on OTP 27.3.4.18, 2,604 ms on OTP 28.5 and 108 ms on OTP 29.1.1. With 200,000 digits it takes 654 ms on OTP 27 and 28, so the cost grows 4x per doubling.\n4. The same digits placed in the path instead of the port parse and render in 1 ms or less.\n5. `URI.parse(\"http://example.com:65536\").port` returns `65536`, and a port of 1,262,593 digits raises `SystemLimitError`."
}
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"value": "* Build url = \"http://example.com:\" \u003c\u003e String.duplicate(\"9\", 400_000).\n* URI.parse(url) returns in about 30 ms.\n* URI.to_string(URI.parse(url)) takes 2,613 ms on OTP 27.3.4.18, 2,604 ms on OTP 28.5 and 108 ms on OTP 29.1.1. With 200,000 digits it takes 654 ms on OTP 27 and 28, so the cost grows 4x per doubling.\n* The same digits placed in the path instead of the port parse and render in 1 ms or less.\n* URI.parse(\"http://example.com:65536\").port returns 65536, and a port of 1,262,593 digits raises SystemLimitError."
}
],
"x_technicalAnalysis": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Unbounded conversion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003esplit_authority/1\u003c/code\u003e matches the port with the regex \u003ccode\u003e(:(\\d*))?\u003c/code\u003e and converts it with \u003ccode\u003eString.to_integer/1\u003c/code\u003e. Nothing bounds the digit run, so the VM builds an integer of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits (about 30 ms to parse 400,000 digits) and raises \u003ccode\u003eSystemLimitError\u003c/code\u003e above that, which escapes \u003ccode\u003eURI.parse/1\u003c/code\u003e instead of producing a \u003ccode\u003e%URI{}\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Render cost\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eURI.to_string/1\u003c/code\u003e renders the port with \u003ccode\u003eInteger.to_string/1\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003einspect/1\u003c/code\u003e renders it the same way, both through \u003ccode\u003e:erlang.integer_to_binary/1\u003c/code\u003e. That conversion is quadratic on OTP 27, 28 and 29.0 and sub-quadratic from OTP 29.1 (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/11074\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ehttps://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/11074\u003c/a\u003e). Per GHSA-8qw4-2chm-mvj2 it occupies a dirty CPU scheduler for its full duration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Comparison with \u003ccode\u003eURI.new/1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eErlang/OTP limited the port to 5 bytes in \u003ccode\u003e:uri_string.parse/1\u003c/code\u003e as part of GHSA-8qw4-2chm-mvj2. \u003ccode\u003eURI.new/1\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eURI.new!/1\u003c/code\u003e use \u003ccode\u003e:uri_string\u003c/code\u003e and get that limit on patched OTP versions. \u003ccode\u003eURI.parse/1\u003c/code\u003e does its own parsing and does not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Reach\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeader-sourced URLs are bounded by HTTP server limits. Form and JSON body fields are not: Plug\u0027s default JSON body limit is 8 MB. One observed library path: a user-supplied URL passed to Req inside a Bandit request exits with the port in its arguments, and Bandit\u0027s error logging formats it, which took 2.8 seconds at 400,000 digits on OTP 28.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
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"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "**1. Unbounded conversion**\n\n`split_authority/1` matches the port with the regex `(:(\\d*))?` and converts it with `String.to_integer/1`. Nothing bounds the digit run, so the VM builds an integer of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits (about 30 ms to parse 400,000 digits) and raises `SystemLimitError` above that, which escapes `URI.parse/1` instead of producing a `%URI{}`.\n\n**2. Render cost**\n\n`URI.to_string/1` renders the port with `Integer.to_string/1`, and `inspect/1` renders it the same way, both through `:erlang.integer_to_binary/1`. That conversion is quadratic on OTP 27, 28 and 29.0 and sub-quadratic from OTP 29.1 (https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/11074). Per GHSA-8qw4-2chm-mvj2 it occupies a dirty CPU scheduler for its full duration.\n\n**3. Comparison with `URI.new/1`**\n\nErlang/OTP limited the port to 5 bytes in `:uri_string.parse/1` as part of GHSA-8qw4-2chm-mvj2. `URI.new/1` and `URI.new!/1` use `:uri_string` and get that limit on patched OTP versions. `URI.parse/1` does its own parsing and does not.\n\n**4. Reach**\n\nHeader-sourced URLs are bounded by HTTP server limits. Form and JSON body fields are not: Plug\u0027s default JSON body limit is 8 MB. One observed library path: a user-supplied URL passed to Req inside a Bandit request exits with the port in its arguments, and Bandit\u0027s error logging formats it, which took 2.8 seconds at 400,000 digits on OTP 28."
}
],
"value": "1. Unbounded conversion\n\nsplit_authority/1 matches the port with the regex (:(\\d*))? and converts it with String.to_integer/1. Nothing bounds the digit run, so the VM builds an integer of up to 1,262,592 decimal digits (about 30 ms to parse 400,000 digits) and raises SystemLimitError above that, which escapes URI.parse/1 instead of producing a %URI{}.\n\n2. Render cost\n\nURI.to_string/1 renders the port with Integer.to_string/1, and inspect/1 renders it the same way, both through :erlang.integer_to_binary/1. That conversion is quadratic on OTP 27, 28 and 29.0 and sub-quadratic from OTP 29.1 (https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/11074). Per GHSA-8qw4-2chm-mvj2 it occupies a dirty CPU scheduler for its full duration.\n\n3. Comparison with URI.new/1\n\nErlang/OTP limited the port to 5 bytes in :uri_string.parse/1 as part of GHSA-8qw4-2chm-mvj2. URI.new/1 and URI.new!/1 use :uri_string and get that limit on patched OTP versions. URI.parse/1 does its own parsing and does not.\n\n4. Reach\n\nHeader-sourced URLs are bounded by HTTP server limits. Form and JSON body fields are not: Plug\u0027s default JSON body limit is 8 MB. One observed library path: a user-supplied URL passed to Req inside a Bandit request exits with the port in its arguments, and Bandit\u0027s error logging formats it, which took 2.8 seconds at 400,000 digits on OTP 28."
}
]
}
},
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"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-109821",
"datePublished": "2026-10-30T08:54:07.752Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-23T14:00:01.560Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T16:52:43.052Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.