Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
549 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-112161 (GCVE-0-2026-112161)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 08:19 – Updated: 2026-10-20 18:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Lack of integrity checks in Mobatek’s MobaXterm
Summary
MobaXterm Personal Edition (Portable) 26.4 GA extracts the CygUtils64.plugin file without first verifying its integrity. A local attacker with write permissions on this file can replace the ‘bin/cygwin1.dll’ library contained within it with a malicious library. When the victim opens a Local Shell session or uses a Cygwin-based function, the application extracts the component and loads the tampered library, executing code with the victim’s permissions. Exploitation requires write access to the plugin and does not, in itself, involve privilege escalation.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 18:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
INCIBE
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-19 08:07
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CVE-2026-112101 (GCVE-0-2026-112101)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 09:30 – Updated: 2026-10-19 16:57 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BlackBeltTechnology pi-agent-dashboard WebSocket Gateway origin validation
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in BlackBeltTechnology pi-agent-dashboard up to 0.8.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /BlackBeltTechnology/pi-agent-dashboard of the component WebSocket Gateway. Executing a manipulation of the argument cwd can lead to origin validation error. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 0.9.0 is sufficient to fix this issue. This patch is called 48fd0bad5adfe76af9736599699d51a5f60019f6. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 16:54 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421967 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421967/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112101 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1012811 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/BlackBeltTechnology/pi-agent-d… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/BlackBeltTechnology/pi-agent-d… | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/BlackBeltTechnology/pi-agent-d… | patch |
| https://github.com/BlackBeltTechnology/pi-agent-d… | patch |
| https://github.com/BlackBeltTechnology/pi-agent-d… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BlackBeltTechnology | pi-agent-dashboard |
Affected:
0.1
Affected: 0.2 Affected: 0.3 Affected: 0.4 Affected: 0.5 Affected: 0.6 Affected: 0.7 Affected: 0.8.0 Unaffected: 0.9.0 cpe:2.3:a:blackbelttechnology:pi-agent-dashboard:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-111392 (GCVE-0-2026-111392)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 17:38 – Updated: 2026-10-16 19:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SGLang through 0.5.21 KV Cache Poisoning via mm_hashes in /generate
Summary
SGLang through 0.5.21 trusts caller-supplied mm_hashes values as the multimodal prefix-cache key, allowing remote attackers to poison cached KV entries across requests. Attackers can send a different image under a known or predicted hash via /generate to disclose another request's image content or corrupt victims' responses.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 19:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang/issues/44641 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang/blob/v0.5.2… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang/blob/v0.5.2… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang/pull/44653 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/sglang-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sgl-project | sglang |
Affected:
0.5.13 , ≤ 0.5.21
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-110985 (GCVE-0-2026-110985)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 16:37 – Updated: 2026-11-05 19:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Kafka: Broker silently skips JWT signature verification for SASL/OAUTHBEARER when the JWKS endpoint URL is not configured
Summary
A Kafka broker using SASL/OAUTHBEARER with the default validator (sasl.oauthbearer.jwt.validator.class=DefaultJwtValidator) selects its implementation from configuration. When sasl.oauthbearer.jwks.endpoint.url is set, the validator verifies the JWT signature. When that URL is unset (the default) and no verification key resolver is supplied, DefaultJwtValidator silently falls back to ClientJwtValidator, which does not verify the JWT signature, algorithm, or issuer - and the broker starts with no warning or error. This is the residual of CVE-2026-33557, whose fix restored signature verification only on the path where the JWKS endpoint URL is set.
Impact:
A broker in this state accepts any structurally valid JWT, including "alg":"none" tokens. An unauthenticated remote attacker who can reach the listener can forge a token asserting any principal - including configured superusers - and gain full access to the cluster. Only brokers that enable SASL/OAUTHBEARER validation without a JWKS endpoint URL (and without a custom verification key resolver) are affected; brokers that set the URL verify signatures and are not affected. Unlike CVE-2026-110952 (issuer/audience not enforced by default), here no signature is verified at all.
Mitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required):
Set sasl.oauthbearer.jwks.endpoint.url for every listener/mechanism that uses OAuthBearerValidatorCallbackHandler, or configure a signature-verifying sasl.oauthbearer.jwt.validator.class.
Resolution:
From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.1, and 4.4.0: a broker that would fall back to the non-verifying ClientJwtValidator fails to start with a ConfigException instead of running without signature verification (secure by default).
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 19:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Kafka |
Affected:
4.1.0 , ≤ 4.1.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.2.0 , ≤ 4.2.1 (semver) Affected: 4.3.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-110952 (GCVE-0-2026-110952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 16:37 – Updated: 2026-11-05 19:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Kafka: Broker does not enforce JWT issuer and audience validation for SASL/OAUTHBEARER by default
Summary
A Kafka broker that authenticates clients with SASL/OAUTHBEARER using the bundled JWKS-backed validator always verifies the JWT signature, but two further checks are only performed when explicitly configured:
- The issuer (iss) claim is verified only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token carrying the expected audience is accepted regardless of which issuer minted it.
- An audience (aud) claim is required only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token that omits the aud claim is accepted. (A token that carries an aud claim is
still rejected when no expected audience is configured.)
Both options default to unset and have been documented as optional (Importance LOW) since KIP-768 (3.1.0).
Impact:
The exposure is realizable mainly in deployments whose JWKS endpoint serves signing keys for more than one issuer (a multi-tenant identity provider, an aggregated/shared JWKS, or shared signing keys): a token
minted for a different issuer, or a token lacking an audience, may be accepted to authenticate — potentially as a higher-privileged principal. In a single-issuer deployment where the provider controls the iss
claim and issues audience-scoped tokens, exposure is limited. The signature trust anchor remains enforced in all cases. This is distinct from CVE-2026-33557 (acceptance of unsigned/unvalidated tokens); here the
signature is validated and only the issuer/audience checks are not enforced by default.
Mitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required):
Set both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer (to your provider's exact iss value) and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience (to the audience(s) your brokers expect), per listener. Brokers that set these perform
exact-match issuer/audience checks and are not affected. Both have been available since 3.1.0.
Resolution:
- From Apache Kafka 4.4.0: a broker configured with a JWKS endpoint fails to start unless both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience are set (secure by default). Deployments that
intentionally do not restrict the issuer and/or audience may opt out per axis with sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.issuer=true and/or sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.audience=true.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 19:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Kafka |
Affected:
3.1.0 , < 4.4.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-110607 (GCVE-0-2026-110607)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 14:16 – Updated: 2026-10-14 18:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BizSpring Shop through commit cf22d39daaf1 Payment Bypass via test_post_pay Endpoint
Summary
BizSpring Shop through commit cf22d39daaf1 contains a payment verification bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated buyers to mark orders paid by calling the PaymentController.testPostPay handler. Attackers can generate a payment log via /member/payment/load and request /member/payment/test_post_pay_{paymentLogSn} to obtain goods without paying or settle other members' orders.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 18:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackmd.io/@1ExmmukzRMWN7B4gQ4W-4Q/bizspri… | third-party-advisory |
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| https://github.com/bizspring-open/BizSpring-Java-Mall | product |
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| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BizSpring | BizSpring Shop |
Affected:
0 , ≤ cf22d39daaf17f430d8fc1fb698a2f6e515e1808
(git)
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|
| BizSpring | BizSpring Java Mall |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 369e88c5cda36ddcea56742c335ee1bfe50e8156
(git)
|
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
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CVE-2026-109365 (GCVE-0-2026-109365)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:05 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zebra before 6.4.0 Denial of Service via Same-Hash Forged Block Bodies
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-before… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZcashFoundation | zebra |
Affected:
0 , < 6.4.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:zfnd:zebra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-28 00:00
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CVE-2026-109359 (GCVE-0-2026-109359)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:05 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Contrast 1.8.0 before 1.24.1 Mesh CA Key Cross-Manifest Exposure via Peer Recovery
Summary
Contrast 1.8.0 before 1.24.1 contains an improper verification vulnerability in Coordinator peer recovery that fails to confirm the serving peer uses the same manifest generation. Attackers with write access to manifest history can replay a superseded history head so withdrawn workloads obtain trusted mesh certificates, or with the secret seed disclose the Mesh CA key.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 15:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/edgelesssys/contrast/security/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/contrast-1.8… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| edgelesssys | contrast |
Affected:
1.8.0 , < 1.24.1
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.24.1 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-09-24 00:00
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CVE-2026-108971 (GCVE-0-2026-108971)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 05:45 – Updated: 2026-10-14 13:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
D-Link DCS-930L Emergency HTTP Recovery Server bootloader_region.bin mpfd_decode signature verification
Summary
A flaw has been found in D-Link DCS-930L B1.08B4. This impacts the function mpfd_decode of the file bootloader_region.bin of the component Emergency HTTP Recovery Server. Executing a manipulation of the argument firmware can lead to improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 13:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416789 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416789/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108971 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/999605 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sweethub521/somevul/blob/main/… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-108568 (GCVE-0-2026-108568)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 09:45 – Updated: 2026-10-13 19:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
InstantSoft icms2 Billing paypal.php validatePaypalOrder data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in InstantSoft icms2 up to 2.18.2. The affected element is the function validatePaypalOrder of the file system/controllers/billing/actions/paypal.php of the component Billing Module. Executing a manipulation of the argument bid/sig can lead to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 19:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416225 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416225/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108568 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/954261 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| InstantSoft | icms2 |
Affected:
2.18.0
Affected: 2.18.1 Affected: 2.18.2 cpe:2.3:a:instantsoft:icms2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.