Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-178
AllowedImproper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
105 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-84428 (GCVE-0-2026-84428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 10:24 – Updated: 2026-09-04 16:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fastify vulnerable to header validation bypass via incomplete schema case normalization
Summary
fastify versions before 5.12.2 implement the case-insensitive nature of HTTP header names by lowercasing names in a route's header schema before compiling it, but the transformation is incomplete: it lowercases the properties keys and the root-level required array, and does not lowercase the trigger and dependent names inside the JSON Schema Draft 7 dependencies keyword. Because Node stores request header names in lowercase, a canonical-case dependency such as requiring an authentication header whenever a privileged-mode header is present never matches, and the presence assertion is silently skipped. An unauthenticated remote client can therefore send the header that activates a privileged branch while omitting the header the dependency was meant to require, bypassing the conditional check. Users should upgrade to fastify 5.12.2 or later.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-04 16:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
openjs
CNA
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-84303 (GCVE-0-2026-84303)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-02 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gRPC-Go: xDS RBAC HTTP Filter bypass via mixed-case Header Matching and gRFC A41 validation evasion
Summary
gRPC-Go is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Prior to 1.83.1, the xDS RBAC HTTP filter in internal/xds/httpfilter/rbac/rbac.go does not lowercase header matcher names in normalizeHeaderMatcher even though incoming metadata keys are lowercase. A DENY policy using a mixed-case name such as X-Role or User-Agent therefore does not match and fails open, allowing requests that should be rejected. The same case mismatch permits :Scheme or Grpc-Status to evade gRFC A41 validation and prevents Host from being rewritten to :authority. This issue is fixed in version 1.83.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 19:14 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/pull/9332 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/pull/9335 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/commit/db9482836c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/commit/ebba6f3f1b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/tag/v1.83.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-83612 (GCVE-0-2026-83612)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:36 – Updated: 2026-09-01 15:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xmldom: HTML raw-text closing-tag case mismatch causes output amplification
Summary
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.9.0-beta.1 until 0.9.12, HTML-mode parsing through DOMParser.parseFromString() mishandles a mixed-case closing tag for the script, style, textarea, or title raw-text elements. parseHtmlSpecialContent, selected by isHTMLRawTextElement or isHTMLEscapableRawTextElement, uses a case-sensitive indexOf() and then calls substring() with a missing-close result of negative one, causing unstable parser progression and quadratic output amplification. A small untrusted text/html document can consequently consume disproportionate CPU and memory when parsed and serialized. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom version 0.9.12.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:29 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/pull/1071 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/7ced40c06… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/releases/tag/0.9.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-82726 (GCVE-0-2026-82726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 03:05 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AshPhoenix get_subdomain maps a crafted or differently-cased Host header to an arbitrary tenant
Summary
Permissive Regular Expression vulnerability in ash-project ash_phoenix lets a remote client select the tenant an Ash application uses, or degrade the request, by sending a crafted Host header.
AshPhoenix.Helpers.get_subdomain/2 stripped the root domain with String.replace(host, ~r/.?#{root_host}/, ""). The root host was interpolated raw, so each . became a wildcard and any metacharacter a pattern, and the replace was global and unanchored, so a match was removed from anywhere in the string. With root_host example.com, Host: foo.exampleXcom.attacker.net returned the tenant foo.attacker.net. A metacharacter-bearing or nil root host degraded the pattern or raised on every request. The comparison was also case-sensitive, so TENANT.EXAMPLE.COM and EXAMPLE.COM slipped past the root-host allowlist. conn.host comes from the client Host header. The fix matches the root host case-insensitively and only as an exact trailing suffix.
This issue affects ash_phoenix: from 2.1.26 before 2.3.25.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 14:47 UTC
Assigner
EEF
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_phoenix/securi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-82726.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-82726 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_phoenix/commit… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash_phoenix |
Affected:
2.1.26 , < 2.3.25
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_phoenix:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| ash-project | ash_phoenix |
Affected:
9a5ea4d377bc263de321d79574872a3dfc4fb541 , < 8306f29e77526840c89f3cd244996ce7c0fa2cda
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_phoenix:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-82067 (GCVE-0-2026-82067)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 16:12 – Updated: 2026-09-08 17:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Case Sensitivity Handling in MongoDB Server Configuration Validation May Cause Authorization to Remain Disabled at Startup
Summary
Improper handling of case sensitivity in the configuration validation component of MongoDB Server may cause the authorization subsystem to remain in a default disabled state during server startup. An unauthenticated user with network access to a deployment where this condition occurs can perform arbitrary administrative operations, resulting in full impact of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 17:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
mongodb
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MongoDB | MongoDB Server |
Affected:
8.3.0 , < 8.3.9
(semver)
Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.0.30 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.41 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-80343 (GCVE-0-2026-80343)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 10:27 – Updated: 2026-10-19 18:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Camel: Camel-Netty-HTTP Security Constraint Bypass via Case-Sensitive Context-Path Matching
Summary
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Apache Camel Netty HTTP component.
This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0.0 before 4.18.5, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.1.
The camel-netty-http security constraint compared the request path against the configured context path using a case-sensitive match, while the routing that dispatches the request to the endpoint did not apply the same rule. The two comparisons therefore disagreed for any path whose case differed from the configured value. An external caller could alter the case of a character in a path segment so that the security constraint no longer recognised the path as protected, while the request still dispatched to the same endpoint. The result is that the constraint is skipped and the protected route is reached without satisfying it. No credential, prior access or special configuration is required beyond being able to send a request to the consumer.
Upgrade to Apache Camel 4.23.0, which fixes the issue. Users on the 4.18.x LTS releases stream should upgrade to 4.18.5. Users on the 4.22.x LTS releases stream should upgrade to 4.22.1. The constraint now matches the request path with the same case rules the dispatch uses, so the two can no longer disagree. For deployments that cannot upgrade immediately, place the authorization decision in front of the Camel consumer, for example in a reverse proxy that normalises the request path before forwarding.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 18:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://camel.apache.org/security/CVE-2026-80343.html | vendor-advisory |
| https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CAMEL-24412 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/25578 | patch |
| https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/25761 | patch |
| https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/25762 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Camel |
Affected:
4.0.0 , < 4.18.5
(maven)
Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.22.1 (maven) Unaffected: 4.18.5 (maven) Unaffected: 4.22.1 (maven) Unaffected: 4.23.0 (maven) |
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CVE-2026-77560 (GCVE-0-2026-77560)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 16:39 – Updated: 2026-09-21 20:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tinyauth: forward-auth per-app ACL is matched case-sensitively against the (case-insensitive) hostname, letting an authenticated user reach apps they are not on the allowlist for
Summary
Tinyauth is an authentication and authorization server. Prior to 5.1.2, Tinyauth compares forwarded hostnames case-sensitively while reverse proxies route equivalent hostnames case-insensitively, allowing an authenticated low-privilege user to bypass per-app access controls with a differently cased hostname. The lookup in internal/service/access_controls_service.go through lookupStaticACLs and GetAccessControls, and the Docker-label fallback in internal/service/docker_service.go through GetLabels, can miss the configured app and return an empty access-control object. internal/controller/proxy_controller.go proxyHandler then treats the empty user, group, OAuth, LDAP, and IP restrictions as permissive and returns an authenticated result for an app that should exclude the user. Unauthenticated users remain subject to login, and global login-time allowlists are not bypassed. This issue is fixed in version 5.1.2.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 20:05 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/pull/1000 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/pull/1028 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/commit/80… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/commit/e7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tinyauthapp | tinyauth |
Affected:
< 5.1.2
|
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CVE-2026-77281 (GCVE-0-2026-77281)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 21:04 – Updated: 2026-09-18 14:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: rewrite placeholder re-expansion
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. In version 2.11.3 and earlier, three configuration-dependent weaknesses affect the handler and placeholder layer. In modules/caddyhttp/rewrite/rewrite.go, Rewrite.Rewrite() can pass attacker-controlled replacement bytes through buildQueryString for a second placeholder expansion when a rewrite URI ends with a literal question mark, allowing injected environment or request-variable placeholders to disclose data and, when the file provider is registered, allowing injected file placeholders to disclose readable files. The issue is fixed in version 2.11.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 14:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/7761 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/commit/176b0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
< 2.11.4
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CVE-2026-74041 (GCVE-0-2026-74041)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:27 – Updated: 2026-10-26 13:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wazuh 4.14.3 < 4.14.8 / 4.10.4 Remote Command Validation Bypass via Case Mismatch
Summary
Wazuh 4.14.3 before 4.14.8 and 4.10.4 contains a case-sensitivity mismatch between the ossec.conf validator and wazuh-logcollector that bypasses remote-command validation. Authenticated users with manager:update_config can inject an uppercase LOG_FORMAT command localfile that the collector runs as root on reload.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 14:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/releases/tag/v4.14.8 | patchrelease-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wazuh-4.14.3… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wazuh | wazuh-manager |
Affected:
4.14.3 , < 4.14.8
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.14.8 (semver) Affected: 4.10.4 , < 4.10.5 (semver) Unaffected: 4.10.5 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:wazuh:wazuh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:wazuh:wazuh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-13 00:00
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CVE-2026-73856 (GCVE-0-2026-73856)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 15:50 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ModSecurity: Response Body Inspection Bypass
Summary
ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. From 3.0.0 until 3.0.17, src/transaction.cc compares a response Content-Type value against SecResponseBodyMimeType entries case-sensitively. A mixed-case response media type that is semantically equivalent to a configured lowercase type can therefore be treated as unconfigured, causing ModSecurity to skip RESPONSE_BODY inspection. An unauthenticated requester can then receive response content that a phase 4 rule would otherwise block, including sensitive error or debug data. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.17.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-09 22:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| owasp-modsecurity | ModSecurity |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 3.0.17
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-73856",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
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{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-09T22:11:44.794859Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"url": "https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/security/advisories/GHSA-vmg8-j66p-vgvw"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "ModSecurity",
"vendor": "owasp-modsecurity",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.0.17"
}
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}
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}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
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"url": "https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/commit/23ccd9202114f8313df3773f7992782fd9949c98"
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{
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"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.