Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
418 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-85999 (GCVE-0-2026-85999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 15:23 – Updated: 2026-09-22 20:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Soup Sieve: Polynomial-time ReDoS (O(n²)) in the whitespace/comment trimming regex `RE_WS_END` (triggers on VALID selectors)
Summary
Soup Sieve is a CSS selector library designed to be used with Beautiful Soup 4. Prior to 2.9, selector_iter in src/soupsieve/css_parser.py trims the raw selector with RE_WS_END, an end-anchored WSC whitespace-and-comment expression used with search(), so the regular expression engine retries a greedy scan at every starting offset. An attacker-controlled valid selector containing a long internal whitespace run, or a selector containing a long CSS comment run followed by another token, causes quadratic CPU work before tokenization. User-controlled selectors can reach the path through soupsieve.compile() and BeautifulSoup.select(), while applications using only hard-coded selectors are unaffected. This root cause is separate from the IDENTIFIER and VALUE backtracking vulnerability because the cost occurs in RE_WS_END.search during trimming rather than token matching. The resulting CPU consumption can hold the Python GIL, exhaust workers, and stall a service without causing memory corruption or code execution. The issue is fixed in version 2.9.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 16:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/facelessuser/soupsieve/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/facelessuser/soupsieve/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/facelessuser/soupsieve/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| facelessuser | soupsieve |
Affected:
< 2.9
|
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CVE-2026-85062 (GCVE-0-2026-85062)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 20:30 – Updated: 2026-09-09 17:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Colord: Slow rejection of oversized malformed color strings
Summary
Colord is a tiny yet powerful tool for high-performance color manipulations and conversions. Prior to 2.9.4, synchronous CSS color string matchers in src/colorModels/rgbString.ts, src/colorModels/hslString.ts, src/colorModels/hwbString.ts, src/colorModels/lchString.ts, and src/colorModels/cmykString.ts use the ambiguous numeric regular expression ([+-]?\d*.?\d+), allowing the same digits to be divided between overlapping quantifiers in quadratically many ways when malformed input is rejected. An attacker who can supply an unbounded color string to colord(), getFormat(), isEqual(), mix(), or contrast(), including through a request body, JSON field, or uploaded stylesheet, can block the processing thread with a multi-kilobyte payload. The affected matchers are parseRgbaString, parseHslaString, parseHwbaString, parseLchaString, and parseCmykaString. This issue is fixed in version 2.9.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 17:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omgovich/colord/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omgovich/colord/pull/141 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/omgovich/colord/commit/8701808… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-83619 (GCVE-0-2026-83619)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:51 – Updated: 2026-09-01 18:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xmldom: End-tag Whitespace-Trim Regex ReDoS — quadratic backtracking in the 0.8.x end-tag parser
Summary
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.7.0 until 0.8.15, the release-0.8.x parser in lib/sax.js trims captured end-tag names with the unanchored global expression /[ \t\n\r]+$/g. For an end tag containing a long whitespace run followed by a non-whitespace character, the expression retries from each possible starting position and backtracks quadratically before failing its end anchor. DOMParser.parseFromString() reaches the path under default options, allowing a small unauthenticated XML input to stall the Node.js event loop; the 0.9.x and unscoped npm lines do not contain this expression. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom version 0.8.15.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 17:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/pull/1072 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/3abb0934f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/releases/tag/0.8.15 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-83606 (GCVE-0-2026-83606)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:21 – Updated: 2026-09-01 14:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xmldom PI grammar regex ReDoS: quadratic backtracking on unterminated processing instructions
Summary
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.9.0-beta.9 until 0.9.11, the processing-instruction production in lib/grammar.js lets the greedy S+ separator and lazy Char*? data group repeatedly repartition a long whitespace tail when the required closing ?> is absent. Both parsePI and parseProcessingInstruction apply the expression to the entire remaining source, causing quadratic backtracking during DOMParser.parseFromString() under default options and allowing a small unauthenticated XML input to stall the Node.js event loop. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom version 0.9.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 14:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/pull/1039 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/73df6b8bd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/releases/tag/0.9.11 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-80206 (GCVE-0-2026-80206)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 10:28 – Updated: 2026-08-26 12:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK 3.10.2 Regular Expression Denial of Service via tgrep
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 12:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-3.10.2-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-80205 (GCVE-0-2026-80205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 10:28 – Updated: 2026-09-01 22:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK before 3.10.0 ReDoS via Text.findall() unvalidated regex
Summary
NLTK versions before 3.10.0 contain a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Text.findall() and TokenSearcher.findall() methods that accept user-supplied regular expressions without validation or timeout. Attackers can supply crafted regex patterns that cause catastrophic backtracking, resulting in indefinite CPU saturation and denial of service to all users of the Python process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-… | third-party-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/01/3 |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-79770 (GCVE-0-2026-79770)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 15:16 – Updated: 2026-09-16 15:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nokogiri before 1.19.3 ReDoS via CSS selector tokenizer
Summary
Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at_css, and Searchable#search to cause exponential regex backtracking and denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 16:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/securit… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sparklemotion | nokogiri |
Affected:
0 , < 1.19.3
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-04-27 00:00
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CVE-2026-77423 (GCVE-0-2026-77423)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:17 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JLine: ReDoS in Built-in Less Viewer Search
Summary
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in less viewer passes user-controlled search and display-filter patterns from getPattern(boolean doDisplayPattern) in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/Less.java directly to Java's backtracking regular expression engine and repeatedly applies them to file content. A nested-quantifier expression evaluated against non-matching lines can consume excessive CPU and indefinitely block the session thread, and repeated sessions in Telnet or SSH deployments can exhaust a bounded worker pool. This issue is fixed in versions 3.30.15 and 4.3.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 14:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2012 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2018 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/341ee69ccc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/4.3.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/jlin… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-77422 (GCVE-0-2026-77422)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:09 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JLine: ReDoS in Built-in grep Command Amplified by Automatic `.*` Wrapping
Summary
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in grep command in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/PosixCommands.java accepts a user-controlled regular expression in grep(...) and, unless line-regexp mode is used, automatically adds a dot-star prefix and suffix before compiling it with Java's backtracking regular expression engine. The wrapping expands the backtracking search space, so a short nested-quantifier expression evaluated against non-matching input can consume excessive CPU and indefinitely block a command worker, including in remotely exposed shell sessions. This issue is fixed in versions 3.30.15 and 4.3.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 14:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2012 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2018 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/341ee69ccc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/4.3.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/jlin… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-77421 (GCVE-0-2026-77421)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:07 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JLine: ReDoS in Nano Editor Regex Search Mode
Summary
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in nano editor's regex search mode passes a user-controlled search term from doSearch(String text) in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/Nano.java to Java's backtracking regular expression engine without a timeout or backtracking bound. A nested-quantifier expression evaluated against non-matching buffer content can consume excessive CPU and indefinitely block the editor session thread, and remote multi-user deployments can lose a worker thread for each affected session. This issue is fixed in versions 3.30.15 and 4.3.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2012 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2018 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/341ee69ccc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/4.3.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/jlin… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.