Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

418 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-119202 (GCVE-0-2026-119202)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 20:24 – Updated: 2026-11-03 16:38
VLAI
Title
@hapi/content: quadratic-time parsing of Content-Disposition parameters allows denial of service
Summary
@hapi/content provides HTTP Content-* header parsing. From 3.0.6 until 6.0.3, Content.disposition() uses an unanchored parameter-name expression in a global regular-expression scan, causing repeated failed matching over the remaining input when a Content-Disposition parameter contains a long token without an equals sign. The resulting quadratic processing can block the Node.js event loop before route handlers or validation when @hapi/pez parses multipart/form-data headers, including unauthenticated hapi routes with payload.multipart enabled, and also affects applications that pass untrusted headers directly to Content.disposition(). This issue is fixed in @hapi/content version 6.0.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 16:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hapijs content Affected: < 6.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-118993 (GCVE-0-2026-118993)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 13:11 – Updated: 2026-11-06 16:45
VLAI
Title
CallBackery versions before 0.62.0 for Perl allow denial of service via the request path interpolated as a regular expression under CGI, FastCGI and PSGI
Summary
CallBackery versions before 0.62.0 for Perl allow denial of service via the request path interpolated as a regular expression under CGI, FastCGI and PSGI. The before_dispatch hook installed by startup() removes PATH_INFO from the end of the request URI with a substitution that interpolates PATH_INFO unquoted. Under CGI, FastCGI and PSGI both values come from the request, so the client chooses both the pattern and the string it is matched against. A short unauthenticated request with a backreference in the path backtracks exponentially and can keep a worker process busy for minutes.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 16:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
CPANSec CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 0.62.0 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118779 (GCVE-0-2026-118779)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 18:45 – Updated: 2026-10-29 20:23
VLAI
Title
Forge: Regular expression denial of service in PEM decoding (pem.decode)
Summary
Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.1, the affected implementation used pem.decode(), lib/pem.js, missing END line to process the relevant input or security decision. node-forge used polynomial-time regular expressions in pem.decode(), including when searching for a matching END line and parsing encapsulated headers. An unauthenticated attacker able to supply PEM input to any high-level parser could consume excessive CPU with a long malformed message and cause denial of service. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 20:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
digitalbazaar forge Affected: < 1.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118772 (GCVE-0-2026-118772)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 18:13 – Updated: 2026-11-04 01:33
VLAI
Title
joi: quadratic-time split in `string().email({ multiple: true })` allows denial of service
Summary
joi is a schema description language and data validator for JavaScript. From 17.1.1 until 17.13.9 and 18.3.1, the Joi.string().email({ multiple: true }) rule uses a separator regular expression whose leading whitespace quantifier is retried at every position in a long whitespace run that contains no separator, causing quadratic work during String.prototype.split. The behavior applies to the default separator and every custom separator. Applications that validate attacker-controlled values with the multiple option and no effective prior length limit can have the Node.js event loop blocked for seconds by one request, preventing other work. A .max() rule is not sufficient when abortEarly: false allows the email rule to run after the maximum-length check fails. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 17.13.9 and 18.3.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 01:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hapijs joi Affected: >= 16.0.0, <= 17.1.1
Affected: >= 18.0.0, < 18.3.1
Create a notification for this product.
@hapi joi Affected: >= 16.0.0, <= 17.1.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118686 (GCVE-0-2026-118686)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 18:59 – Updated: 2026-11-03 13:23
VLAI
Title
EspoCRM before 9.3.11 and 10.0.8 Unauthenticated Denial of Service via Password-Redaction Regex
Summary
EspoCRM before 9.3.11 and 10.x before 10.0.8 contains a denial of service vulnerability in which the password-redaction regular expression applied during API error handling consumes excessive CPU on long request bodies. Unauthenticated remote attackers can concurrently send a small number of large API requests to exhaust server workers, making EspoCRM slow or unavailable to legitimate users.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 13:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
espocrm espocrm Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 10.0.8 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
espocrm espocrm Affected: 0 , < 9.3.11 (semver)
Unaffected: 9.3.11 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-13 00:00
Credits
AdamKorcz
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118646 (GCVE-0-2026-118646)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 18:59 – Updated: 2026-11-04 20:07
VLAI
Title
n8n before 1.123.85, 2.43.5, and 2.44.1 ReDoS via Read/Write Files Node
Summary
n8n before 1.123.85, 2.43.5, and 2.44.1 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability that allows authenticated members to block the event loop via crafted glob patterns. Attackers who can create and run workflows can submit a wildcard-heavy File(s) Selector pattern causing exponential backtracking, making the UI, API, webhooks, and health checks unresponsive until restart.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 20:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: 0 , < 1.123.85 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.123.85 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
n8n-io n8n Affected: 2.44.0 , < 2.44.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.44.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
n8n-io n8n Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.43.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.43.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
Credits
Masofgon
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118259 (GCVE-0-2026-118259)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 18:53 – Updated: 2026-11-02 20:30
VLAI
Title
opentelemetry-java: Quadratic CPU consumption in W3C tracestate parsing
Summary
opentelemetry-java is the Java implementation of the OpenTelemetry API for recording telemetry, and SDK for managing telemetry recorded by the API. Prior to 1.67.0, W3CTraceContextPropagator.extract() uses regex delimiter processing that can exhibit quadratic backtracking while parsing tracestate headers containing long runs of spaces or tabs without a following comma. An unauthenticated attacker whose headers reach extraction can repeatedly block request or event-loop threads and cause excessive CPU consumption, with practical impact bounded by ingress header-size limits, proxy configuration, and threading. This issue is fixed in version 1.67.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118037 (GCVE-0-2026-118037)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 12:34 – Updated: 2026-11-06 18:34
VLAI
Title
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Telerik Document Processing Libraries RadSpreadProcessing and RadSpreadStreamProcessing
Summary
In Progress® Telerik® Document Processing Libraries prior to version 2026.3.1027, uncontrolled recursion, infinite loop, unchecked loop condition and inefficient regular expression vulnerabilities in RadSpreadProcessing and RadSpreadStreamProcessing allow an unauthenticated attacker to terminate or hang the host process via a crafted XLSX or XLS workbook or formula.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 18:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
  • CWE-835 - Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
  • CWE-606 - Unchecked Input for Loop Condition
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-117500 (GCVE-0-2026-117500)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 17:17 – Updated: 2026-11-05 21:03
VLAI
Title
HTTP::Body versions before 1.24_01 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via regex backtracking on the filename of a multipart upload
Summary
HTTP::Body versions before 1.24_01 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via regex backtracking on the filename of a multipart upload. For every file part, the multipart parser finds the suffix of the uploaded filename by matching the default $basename_regexp, qr/[^.]+(\.[^\\\/]+)$/, against the whole basename. A basename made of many dots and ending in a backslash makes the regex backtrack in time quadratic in its length. A remote attacker can exhaust CPU with one request, as a basename of about 32 KB takes several seconds to match and every file part is matched separately.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 21:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
CPANSec CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 1.24_01 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116795 (GCVE-0-2026-116795)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 17:14 – Updated: 2026-11-02 20:21
VLAI
Title
RE2JS: Quadratic-time denial of service in re2js lookbehind matching
Summary
RE2JS is the JavaScript port of RE2, a regular expression engine that provides linear time matching. From 2.2.0 until 2.8.7, enabling LOOKBEHINDS and using repeated matching through matcher().find(), matchAll(), split(), or matcher().replaceAll() can cause quadratic total work. Machine.match restarts lookbehind scanning from offset zero for each requested start position, while Matcher-based APIs request capture slots that prevent the early exit used for captureless matching. Dense matches therefore repeatedly rescan the input, allowing attacker-influenced text to monopolize a single-threaded worker and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 2.8.7.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
le0pard re2js Affected: >= 2.2.0, < 2.8.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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