Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
418 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-77420 (GCVE-0-2026-77420)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:11 – Updated: 2026-09-29 02:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JLine: ReDoS via `HISTORY_IGNORE` Configuration Variable
Summary
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, DefaultHistory.matchPatterns(String patterns, String line) in reader/src/main/java/org/jline/reader/impl/history/DefaultHistory.java converts the HISTORY_IGNORE configuration value into a Java regular expression while escaping only part of its syntax, allowing other regex metacharacters to reach the backtracking engine. An attacker who can control application or user configuration can supply a nested-quantifier expression that is reevaluated whenever a command is added to history, consuming excessive CPU and indefinitely blocking the reader thread. This issue is fixed in versions 3.30.15 and 4.3.1.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 02:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2012 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2018 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/341ee69ccc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/4.3.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/jlin… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-77387 (GCVE-0-2026-77387)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 16:38 – Updated: 2026-10-01 17:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
geopy: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in geopy.Point
Summary
geopy is a geocoding library for Python. Prior to 2.5.0, geopy.Point and Point.from_string() can spend excessive CPU time due to inefficient regular-expression behavior when an application passes a long malformed coordinate string without the 256-character input limit used by the fix. Geocoder reverse methods also reach the vulnerable parsing path when called with string inputs. Repeated attacker-controlled requests can cause a denial of service, while the numeric Point constructor is unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 2.5.0.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 17:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/geopy/geopy/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/geopy/geopy/issues/608 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/geopy/geopy/pull/610 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/geopy/geopy/commit/5d09fa843f9… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/geopy/geopy/releases/tag/2.5.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-77082 (GCVE-0-2026-77082)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 11:21 – Updated: 2026-08-21 16:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n before 1.123.69 ReDoS via Filter and Switch Node
Summary
n8n before 1.123.69, 2.x before 2.33.4, and 2.34.x before 2.34.1 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the Filter and Switch nodes, which compile user-supplied regex patterns with new RegExp() and execute them synchronously on the worker thread without complexity validation or execution timeout. A crafted regex pattern can block the worker for an extended period per data item processed, delaying other workflow executions on the same worker.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 16:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-r… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-76821 (GCVE-0-2026-76821)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 19:38 – Updated: 2026-09-16 18:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenCTI: User-Controlled ReDoS in JSON Ingestion Mapper
Summary
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to 7.260706.0, the JSON ingestion mapper's extractWithRegexp formula function compiled a user-supplied regular expression with the JavaScript RegExp engine in opencti-platform/opencti-graphql/src/parser/json-mapper.ts without validating its complexity. An authenticated user with JSON mapper creation permission could provide a catastrophically backtracking pattern and matching ingestion input, blocking the Node.js event loop and making the GraphQL API unavailable to all users. Scheduled ingestion could repeatedly execute the malicious mapper without additional attacker action, and recovery could require disabling the mapper and restarting the process. The issue affects availability and does not expose or modify data. This issue is fixed in version 7.260706.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 18:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/pull/16935 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenCTI-Platform | opencti |
Affected:
< 7.260706.0
|
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CVE-2026-75880 (GCVE-0-2026-75880)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 04:36 – Updated: 2026-09-18 14:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Artemis, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: Message selector wildcard handling could lead to denial of service
Summary
An authenticated client could attach a consumer with a selector containing crafted wildcard usage that results in excessive evaluation during message delivery attempts, occupying a shared broker thread and leading to denial of service.
This issue affects Apache Artemis: from 2.50.0 through 2.56.0; Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: from 1.0.0 through 2.44.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.57.0, which fixes this issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 17:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient regular expression complexity
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Artemis |
Affected:
2.50.0 , ≤ 2.56.0
(semver)
|
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache ActiveMQ Artemis |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 2.44.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-74039 (GCVE-0-2026-74039)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 17:26 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wazuh 4.0.0 < 4.14.7 API DoS via Deeply Nested JSON auth_context
Summary
Wazuh 4.0.0 before 4.14.7 and 5.0.0-beta2 contain a denial of service vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with allow_run_as enabled to exhaust CPU resources by submitting arbitrarily deeply nested JSON structures to the POST /security/user/authenticate/run_as endpoint. Attackers can repeatedly submit malformed auth_context bodies with unlimited nesting depth to cause the API framework to consume excessive CPU, denying service to all other API consumers.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 18:45 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/pull/37034 | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wazuh-api-do… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wazuh | wazuh-manager |
Affected:
4.0.0 , < 4.14.7
(semver)
Affected: 5.0.0-beta2 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:wazuh:wazuh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:wazuh:wazuh:5.0.0-beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-18 00:00
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CVE-2026-73556 (GCVE-0-2026-73556)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:56 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex in the lm-format-enforcer backend (no compile timeout) — missed sibling of CVE-2026-55574
Summary
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. Prior to 0.26.0, the structured_outputs.regex parameter in vllm/v1/structured_output/backend_lm_format_enforcer.py is passed to lmformatenforcer.RegexParser without compile_regex_with_timeout or validation in validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer, allowing an unauthenticated /v1/completions request against the lm-format-enforcer backend to consume a CPU core and stall the structured-output engine path with a catastrophic regular expression. This issue is fixed in version 0.26.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 16:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/47595 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/c9a78… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
< 0.26.0
|
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CVE-2026-72912 (GCVE-0-2026-72912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 21:02 – Updated: 2026-08-12 22:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CyberChef’s pretty-recipe parser vulnerable to client-side ReDoS / CPU exhaustion when parsing a malformed #recipe= URL
Summary
CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. Prior to 11.3.0, CyberChef's pretty-recipe parser in src/core/Utils.mjs can exhaust client-side CPU when a malformed #recipe= URL fragment containing a large number of unmatched quote characters reaches Utils.parseRecipeConfig(). The function synchronously applies a complex global regular expression that may perform heavy backtracking before rejecting the input, causing the victim's browser tab to freeze during startup for seconds or longer. No code execution, data exfiltration, or privilege escalation occurs. This issue is fixed in version 11.3.0.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 22:08 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/pull/2687 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/commit/f77ddf48… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/releases/tag/v11.3.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-72818 (GCVE-0-2026-72818)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 21:57 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Input
Summary
The URLS regular expression in nltk/tokenize/casual.py, compiled into TweetTokenizer.WORD_RE and applied by TweetTokenizer.tokenize, contains a naked-domain branch whose domain-label prefix [a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)* is unbounded. Input consisting of many alternating label separators can be partitioned in exponentially many ways, and because the branch also requires a trailing top-level domain that such input never supplies, the engine explores those partitions before failing at each offset. A few kilobytes of input therefore consumes seconds to minutes of single-threaded CPU, and the HANG_RE substitution performed before matching does not collapse the pattern. TweetTokenizer is intended for tokenizing untrusted social-media text, so any service that applies it, or the module-level casual_tokenize, to submitted text can be stalled per request without authentication. Version 3.10.1 bounds the label repetition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 11:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/issues/3704 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/3.9.4/nltk/toke… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/releases/tag/v3.10.1 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-tweetto… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nltk | nltk |
Affected:
0 , < 3.10.1
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-07-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-71190 (GCVE-0-2026-71190)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 04:54 – Updated: 2026-08-06 13:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In OpenStack Swift through 2.38.0, the proxy server Accept header parser contains a regular expression vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS). The "qdtext" pattern (?:[^"]|\\.)* allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to send a crafted Accept header that causes exponential CPU consumption in the proxy worker. A payload of 32 backslash-character pairs exceeds 30 seconds of CPU time. No authentication is required. Repeated requests can exhaust all proxy worker threads, resulting in a complete denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 13:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
mitre
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://launchpad.net/bugs/2158771 | issue-tracking |
| https://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/28/27 | vendor-advisorymailing-list |
| https://security.openstack.org/ossa/OSSA-2026-031.html | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenStack | Swift |
Affected:
1.9.1 , < 2.35.4
(semver)
Affected: 2.36.0 , < 2.36.3 (semver) Affected: 2.37.0 , < 2.37.3 (semver) Affected: 2.38.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:openstack:swift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:openstack:swift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:openstack:swift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:openstack:swift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.