CVE-2025-37885 (GCVE-0-2025-37885)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-05-09 06:45
Modified
2026-08-05 11:58
Severity ?
8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86: Reset IRTE to host control if *new* route isn't postable Restore an IRTE back to host control (remapped or posted MSI mode) if the *new* GSI route prevents posting the IRQ directly to a vCPU, regardless of the GSI routing type. Updating the IRTE if and only if the new GSI is an MSI results in KVM leaving an IRTE posting to a vCPU. The dangling IRTE can result in interrupts being incorrectly delivered to the guest, and in the worst case scenario can result in use-after-free, e.g. if the VM is torn down, but the underlying host IRQ isn't freed.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
Version: efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:56:59.413Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c",
            "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/posted_intr.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "e5f2dee9f7fcd2ff4b97869f3c66a0d89c167769",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "116c7d35b8f72eac383b9fd371d7c1a8ffc2968b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "023816bd5fa46fab94d1e7917fe131b79ed1fb41",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3481fd96d801715942b6f69fe251133128156f30",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "b5de7ac74f69603ad803c524b840bffd36368fc3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3066ec21d1a33896125747f68638725f456308db",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9bcac97dc42d2f4da8229d18feb0fe2b1ce523a2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c",
            "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/posted_intr.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.4"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.237",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.181",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.136",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.89",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.26",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.237",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.181",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.136",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.89",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.26",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Reset IRTE to host control if *new* route isn\u0027t postable\n\nRestore an IRTE back to host control (remapped or posted MSI mode) if the\n*new* GSI route prevents posting the IRQ directly to a vCPU, regardless of\nthe GSI routing type.  Updating the IRTE if and only if the new GSI is an\nMSI results in KVM leaving an IRTE posting to a vCPU.\n\nThe dangling IRTE can result in interrupts being incorrectly delivered to\nthe guest, and in the worst case scenario can result in use-after-free,\ne.g. if the VM is torn down, but the underlying host IRQ isn\u0027t freed."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered through the KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING ioctl on a local VM file descriptor, requiring local access to /dev/kvm and a VFIO device node. No network-facing code path reaches the IRTE update logic.\nAC:L - A single KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING call replacing an MSI route with any non-MSI routing type for a bypassed GSI deterministically leaves the IRTE dangling in posted mode; there is no race to win and no memory-layout condition outside the attacker\u0027s control needed to reach the bug.\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere on the path \u2014 only possession of the VM fd and a VFIO group fd, which is exactly the privilege set granted to an unprivileged QEMU process (user qemu/libvirt-qemu) on any cloud host doing PCI passthrough. This is also the position an attacker occupies after escaping the guest into the deliberately-sandboxed VMM process.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence (bind irqfd, change GSI routing, tear down the VM, drive device interrupts) with no action required from any other user or victim.\nS:C - The dangling IRTE leaves an IOMMU interrupt-remapping entry under guest control, so device interrupts escape host authority \u2014 posted into a guest while the VM lives, and after teardown written by IOMMU hardware into physical memory that now belongs to a different security domain (host kernel or another VM). This is an interrupt-remapping/IOMMU isolation boundary bypass, not containment within a single authority.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets a guest receive host device interrupts it should never see, and the stale posted-interrupt descriptor target in reallocated kernel memory is leverageable for disclosure of host kernel memory contents to the attacker.\nI:H - After the vCPU/VM is freed, the IOMMU performs hardware writes (bit set in PIR at an attacker-chosen vector offset, plus the ON bit) into freed and reallocated kernel memory, giving a repeatable, timing-controlled write primitive into groomable slab objects \u2014 sufficient for control-flow hijack or privilege escalation.\nA:H - The use-after-free corrupts arbitrary reallocated kernel memory causing oops/panic, WARN_ON_ONCE(posted_vcpu) fires in the VT-d IRTE free path (panic under panic_on_warn), and the host permanently loses the device\u0027s interrupts."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:02.551Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5f2dee9f7fcd2ff4b97869f3c66a0d89c167769"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/116c7d35b8f72eac383b9fd371d7c1a8ffc2968b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/023816bd5fa46fab94d1e7917fe131b79ed1fb41"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3481fd96d801715942b6f69fe251133128156f30"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5de7ac74f69603ad803c524b840bffd36368fc3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3066ec21d1a33896125747f68638725f456308db"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9bcac97dc42d2f4da8229d18feb0fe2b1ce523a2"
        }
      ],
      "title": "KVM: x86: Reset IRTE to host control if *new* route isn\u0027t postable",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37885",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-09T06:45:48.150Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.963Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:02.551Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.