CVE-2025-21726 (GCVE-0-2025-21726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-02-27 02:07
Modified
2026-08-05 11:53
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: padata: avoid UAF for reorder_work Although the previous patch can avoid ps and ps UAF for _do_serial, it can not avoid potential UAF issue for reorder_work. This issue can happen just as below: crypto_request crypto_request crypto_del_alg padata_do_serial ... padata_reorder // processes all remaining // requests then breaks while (1) { if (!padata) break; ... } padata_do_serial // new request added list_add // sees the new request queue_work(reorder_work) padata_reorder queue_work_on(squeue->work) ... <kworker context> padata_serial_worker // completes new request, // no more outstanding // requests crypto_del_alg // free pd <kworker context> invoke_padata_reorder // UAF of pd To avoid UAF for 'reorder_work', get 'pd' ref before put 'reorder_work' into the 'serial_wq' and put 'pd' ref until the 'serial_wq' finish.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb
Version: b4c8ed0bf977760a206997b6429a7ac91978f440
Version: e43d65719527043f1ef79ecba9d4ede58cbc7ffe
Version: 5.4.19   ≤
Version: 5.5.3   ≤
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npadata: avoid UAF for reorder_work\n\nAlthough the previous patch can avoid ps and ps UAF for _do_serial, it\ncan not avoid potential UAF issue for reorder_work. This issue can\nhappen just as below:\n\ncrypto_request\t\t\tcrypto_request\t\tcrypto_del_alg\npadata_do_serial\n  ...\n  padata_reorder\n    // processes all remaining\n    // requests then breaks\n    while (1) {\n      if (!padata)\n        break;\n      ...\n    }\n\n\t\t\t\tpadata_do_serial\n\t\t\t\t  // new request added\n\t\t\t\t  list_add\n    // sees the new request\n    queue_work(reorder_work)\n\t\t\t\t  padata_reorder\n\t\t\t\t    queue_work_on(squeue-\u003ework)\n...\n\n\t\t\t\t\u003ckworker context\u003e\n\t\t\t\tpadata_serial_worker\n\t\t\t\t// completes new request,\n\t\t\t\t// no more outstanding\n\t\t\t\t// requests\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcrypto_del_alg\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  // free pd\n\n\u003ckworker context\u003e\ninvoke_padata_reorder\n  // UAF of pd\n\nTo avoid UAF for \u0027reorder_work\u0027, get \u0027pd\u0027 ref before put \u0027reorder_work\u0027\ninto the \u0027serial_wq\u0027 and put \u0027pd\u0027 ref until the \u0027serial_wq\u0027 finish."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable padata reorder machinery is driven through pcrypt, reached locally via AF_ALG (`algif_aead`) socket operations or local xfrm/IPsec setup, and the `pd` free is triggered by local crypto-netlink/CPU-hotplug activity. No remote peer can reach or free the `parallel_data` object, so the attack requires local system access.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 they submit an unbounded stream of concurrent pcrypt AEAD requests to keep `reorder_work` queued while simultaneously driving the shell/pd teardown, and `serial_wq` is allocated with `max_active=1`, so `reorder_work` is routinely stalled behind serial workers, widening the window. Repeated attempts in a tight loop make the race reliably winnable, as the LTP `pcrypt_aead01` reproducer for the sibling bug demonstrates.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local user can fully drive the parallel/serial request side with no capability check at all via `AF_ALG` `algif_aead` binding `pcrypt(rfc4106(gcm(aes)))`, and the pd-release side is reachable through `padata_replace()` on CPU hotplug (suspend/resume, which logind grants to active unprivileged sessions) as well as through crypto netlink. No root-only gate is required on the path that actually corrupts memory.\nUI:N - The attacker issues both the crypto requests and the teardown that frees `parallel_data` themselves; no victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory and is exploited within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After `pd` is freed and reclaimed by sprayed attacker data, `padata_reorder()` follows `pd-\u003eps-\u003epinst`, `pd-\u003ereorder_list`, `pd-\u003esqueue` and `pd-\u003ecpumask.pcpu` out of the freed object, giving an attacker-directed read primitive over arbitrary kernel memory and disclosure of kernel state.\nI:H - The same freed object yields write primitives \u2014 `spin_trylock_bh(\u0026pd-\u003elock)`, `refcount_inc(\u0026pd-\u003erefcnt)`, `++pd-\u003eprocessed`, and especially `list_del_init()`/`list_add_tail()` through attacker-controlled `reorder_list`/`squeue` pointers, plus a controlled `workqueue_struct *` fed to `queue_work_on()` \u2014 which is exploitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack leading to privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful heap grooming, dereferencing the freed `parallel_data` reliably produces a KASAN slab-use-after-free splat, spinlock corruption, and kernel oops/panic, taking the whole system down; the crash can be reproduced repeatedly."
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No remote peer can reach or free the `parallel_data` object, so the attack requires local system access.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \\u2014 they submit an unbounded stream of concurrent pcrypt AEAD requests to keep `reorder_work` queued while simultaneously driving the shell/pd teardown, and `serial_wq` is allocated with `max_active=1`, so `reorder_work` is routinely stalled behind serial workers, widening the window. Repeated attempts in a tight loop make the race reliably winnable, as the LTP `pcrypt_aead01` reproducer for the sibling bug demonstrates.\\nPR:L - An unprivileged local user can fully drive the parallel/serial request side with no capability check at all via `AF_ALG` `algif_aead` binding `pcrypt(rfc4106(gcm(aes)))`, and the pd-release side is reachable through `padata_replace()` on CPU hotplug (suspend/resume, which logind grants to active unprivileged sessions) as well as through crypto netlink. No root-only gate is required on the path that actually corrupts memory.\\nUI:N - The attacker issues both the crypto requests and the teardown that frees `parallel_data` themselves; no victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory and is exploited within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - After `pd` is freed and reclaimed by sprayed attacker data, `padata_reorder()` follows `pd-\u003eps-\u003epinst`, `pd-\u003ereorder_list`, `pd-\u003esqueue` and `pd-\u003ecpumask.pcpu` out of the freed object, giving an attacker-directed read primitive over arbitrary kernel memory and disclosure of kernel state.\\nI:H - The same freed object yields write primitives \\u2014 `spin_trylock_bh(\u0026pd-\u003elock)`, `refcount_inc(\u0026pd-\u003erefcnt)`, `++pd-\u003eprocessed`, and especially `list_del_init()`/`list_add_tail()` through attacker-controlled `reorder_list`/`squeue` pointers, plus a controlled `workqueue_struct *` fed to `queue_work_on()` \\u2014 which is exploitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack leading to privilege escalation.\\nA:H - Even without successful heap grooming, dereferencing the freed `parallel_data` reliably produces a KASAN slab-use-after-free splat, spinlock corruption, and kernel oops/panic, taking the whole system down; the crash can be reproduced repeatedly.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"f4f1b1169fc3694f9bc3e28c6c68dbbf4cc744c0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"4c6209efea2208597dbd3e52dc87a0d1a8f2dbe1\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"7000507bb0d2ceb545c0a690e0c707c897d102c2\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"6f45ef616775b0ce7889b0f6077fc8d681ab30bc\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"8ca38d0ca8c3d30dd18d311f1a7ec5cb56972cac\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"a54091c24220a4cd847d5b4f36d678edacddbaf0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"bbefa1dd6a6d53537c11624752219e39959d04fb\", \"lessThan\": \"dd7d37ccf6b11f3d95e797ebe4e9e886d0332600\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"b4c8ed0bf977760a206997b6429a7ac91978f440\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"e43d65719527043f1ef79ecba9d4ede58cbc7ffe\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.4.19\", \"lessThan\": \"5.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.5.3\", \"lessThan\": \"5.6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/padata.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.6\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.235\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.179\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.129\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.76\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.13\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/padata.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4f1b1169fc3694f9bc3e28c6c68dbbf4cc744c0\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c6209efea2208597dbd3e52dc87a0d1a8f2dbe1\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7000507bb0d2ceb545c0a690e0c707c897d102c2\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f45ef616775b0ce7889b0f6077fc8d681ab30bc\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ca38d0ca8c3d30dd18d311f1a7ec5cb56972cac\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a54091c24220a4cd847d5b4f36d678edacddbaf0\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd7d37ccf6b11f3d95e797ebe4e9e886d0332600\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\npadata: avoid UAF for reorder_work\\n\\nAlthough the previous patch can avoid ps and ps UAF for _do_serial, it\\ncan not avoid potential UAF issue for reorder_work. This issue can\\nhappen just as below:\\n\\ncrypto_request\\t\\t\\tcrypto_request\\t\\tcrypto_del_alg\\npadata_do_serial\\n  ...\\n  padata_reorder\\n    // processes all remaining\\n    // requests then breaks\\n    while (1) {\\n      if (!padata)\\n        break;\\n      ...\\n    }\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tpadata_do_serial\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t  // new request added\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t  list_add\\n    // sees the new request\\n    queue_work(reorder_work)\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t  padata_reorder\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t    queue_work_on(squeue-\u003ework)\\n...\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\u003ckworker context\u003e\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tpadata_serial_worker\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t// completes new request,\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t// no more outstanding\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t// requests\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tcrypto_del_alg\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t  // free pd\\n\\n\u003ckworker context\u003e\\ninvoke_padata_reorder\\n  // UAF of pd\\n\\nTo avoid UAF for \u0027reorder_work\u0027, get \u0027pd\u0027 ref before put \u0027reorder_work\u0027\\ninto the \u0027serial_wq\u0027 and put \u0027pd\u0027 ref until the \u0027serial_wq\u0027 finish.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.235\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.179\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.129\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.76\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.13\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.2\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4.19\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.5.3\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:53:59.161Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-21726\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:53:59.161Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-29T08:45:45.754Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-02-27T02:07:32.861Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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