CVE-2025-21687 (GCVE-0-2025-21687)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-02-10 15:58
Modified
2026-08-05 11:53
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls count and offset are passed from user space and not checked, only offset is capped to 40 bits, which can be used to read/write out of bounds of the device.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
Version: 6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls\n\ncount and offset are passed from user space and not checked, only\noffset is capped to 40 bits, which can be used to read/write out of\nbounds of the device."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered via read()/write()/pread()/pwrite() syscalls on a VFIO device file descriptor (/dev/vfio/\u003cgroup\u003e or /dev/vfio/devices/vfioN), requiring local access to the system. There is no network-facing path to vfio_platform_read/write.\nAC:L - The attacker directly and deterministically controls both the file offset (40 bits, unchecked against reg-\u003esize) and the byte count, so a single pwrite()/pread() reliably performs an out-of-bounds MMIO access at any chosen offset with no race, timing, or uncontrolled precondition.\nPR:L - Only an open fd on the VFIO device is needed; the IOMMU-backed VFIO path enforces no capability check (CAP_SYS_RAWIO is required only for the no-iommu mode), and VFIO is expressly designed to grant unprivileged users device access via file permissions. Handing the device node to a non-root user (QEMU, userspace drivers) is the normal deployment.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire attack by issuing syscalls on a descriptor it opens itself; no victim action, configuration change, or interaction with another user is required.\nS:U - The vulnerable component and the impacted component are both the Linux kernel \u2014 the out-of-bounds accesses land in kernel virtual address space managed by the same security authority. This is standard local kernel compromise, not a guest-to-host or IOMMU-crossing escape.\nC:H - ioread8/16/32 at an attacker-chosen offset up to 1 TiB past the ioremapped device window, with the value copied directly to userspace via copy_to_user, yields arbitrary kernel memory disclosure across the entire vmalloc/ioremap range (kernel stacks, vmalloc\u0027d structures, other devices\u0027 MMIO).\nI:H - iowrite8/16/32 writes fully attacker-controlled data at an attacker-chosen kernel virtual address in the same 1 TiB window, giving an arbitrary kernel write that can corrupt VMAP_STACK kernel stacks, BPF JIT pages, and other drivers\u0027 registers (including SMMU control registers) \u2014 a direct path to code execution and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Accessing an unmapped virtual address in the out-of-bounds window causes a kernel data abort/oops or panic, and writes into unrelated devices\u0027 MMIO registers can wedge or hang the machine; this is trivially and repeatedly triggerable."
            }
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        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:37.668Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21636f24b6786c8b13f1af4319fa75ffcf17f38"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9377cdc118cf327248f1a9dde7b87de067681dc9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d19a8650fd3d7aed8d1af1d9a77f979a8430eba1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed81d82bb6e9df3a137f2c343ed689e6c68268ef"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92340e6c5122d823ad064984ef7513eba9204048"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f65ce06387f8c1fb54bd59e18a8428248ec68eaf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bcb8a5b70b80143db9bf12dfa7d53636f824d53"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1485932496a1b025235af8aa1e21988d6b7ccd54"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c981c32c38af80737a2fedc16e270546d139ccdd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a20fcaa230f7472456d12cf761ed13938e320ac3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/665cfd1083866f87301bbd232cb8ba48dcf4acce"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce9ff21ea89d191e477a02ad7eabf4f996b80a69"
        }
      ],
      "title": "vfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21687",
    "datePublished": "2025-02-10T15:58:43.944Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.741Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:37.668Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


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