CVE-2024-57849 (GCVE-0-2024-57849)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-01-11 14:30
Modified
2026-08-05 11:46
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/cpum_sf: Handle CPU hotplug remove during sampling CPU hotplug remove handling triggers the following function call sequence: CPUHP_AP_PERF_S390_SF_ONLINE --> s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() ... CPUHP_AP_PERF_ONLINE --> perf_event_exit_cpu() The s390 CPUMF sampling CPU hotplug handler invokes: s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() +--> cpusf_pmu_setup() +--> setup_pmc_cpu() +--> deallocate_buffers() This function de-allocates all sampling data buffers (SDBs) allocated for that CPU at event initialization. It also clears the PMU_F_RESERVED bit. The CPU is gone and can not be sampled. With the event still being active on the removed CPU, the CPU event hotplug support in kernel performance subsystem triggers the following function calls on the removed CPU: perf_event_exit_cpu() +--> perf_event_exit_cpu_context() +--> __perf_event_exit_context() +--> __perf_remove_from_context() +--> event_sched_out() +--> cpumsf_pmu_del() +--> cpumsf_pmu_stop() +--> hw_perf_event_update() to stop and remove the event. During removal of the event, the sampling device driver tries to read out the remaining samples from the sample data buffers (SDBs). But they have already been freed (and may have been re-assigned). This may lead to a use after free situation in which case the samples are most likely invalid. In the best case the memory has not been reassigned and still contains valid data. Remedy this situation and check if the CPU is still in reserved state (bit PMU_F_RESERVED set). In this case the SDBs have not been released an contain valid data. This is always the case when the event is removed (and no CPU hotplug off occured). If the PMU_F_RESERVED bit is not set, the SDB buffers are gone.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
Version: e3d617fe6ac7294974fc513dc5e4d8ada8080fd1
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      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ns390/cpum_sf: Handle CPU hotplug remove during sampling\n\nCPU hotplug remove handling triggers the following function\ncall sequence:\n\n   CPUHP_AP_PERF_S390_SF_ONLINE  --\u003e s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu()\n   ...\n   CPUHP_AP_PERF_ONLINE          --\u003e perf_event_exit_cpu()\n\nThe s390 CPUMF sampling CPU hotplug handler invokes:\n\n s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu()\n +--\u003e  cpusf_pmu_setup()\n       +--\u003e setup_pmc_cpu()\n            +--\u003e deallocate_buffers()\n\nThis function de-allocates all sampling data buffers (SDBs) allocated\nfor that CPU at event initialization. It also clears the\nPMU_F_RESERVED bit. The CPU is gone and can not be sampled.\n\nWith the event still being active on the removed CPU, the CPU event\nhotplug support in kernel performance subsystem triggers the\nfollowing function calls on the removed CPU:\n\n  perf_event_exit_cpu()\n  +--\u003e perf_event_exit_cpu_context()\n       +--\u003e __perf_event_exit_context()\n\t    +--\u003e __perf_remove_from_context()\n\t         +--\u003e event_sched_out()\n\t              +--\u003e cpumsf_pmu_del()\n\t                   +--\u003e cpumsf_pmu_stop()\n                                +--\u003e hw_perf_event_update()\n\nto stop and remove the event. During removal of the event, the\nsampling device driver tries to read out the remaining samples from\nthe sample data buffers (SDBs). But they have already been freed\n(and may have been re-assigned). This may lead to a use after free\nsituation in which case the samples are most likely invalid. In the\nbest case the memory has not been reassigned and still contains\nvalid data.\n\nRemedy this situation and check if the CPU is still in reserved\nstate (bit PMU_F_RESERVED set). In this case the SDBs have not been\nreleased an contain valid data. This is always the case when\nthe event is removed (and no CPU hotplug off occured).\nIf the PMU_F_RESERVED bit is not set, the SDB buffers are gone."
        }
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        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the local `perf_event_open()` syscall establishing a CPUM_SF sampling event combined with a CPU hot-unplug of that CPU; no network or adjacent-network path exists.\nAC:L - The attacker keeps a per-CPU sampling event installed indefinitely so any CPU-offline transition deterministically hits the freed SDBs, and on Linux on Z the offline side is attacker-influenceable (cpuplugd unplugs CPUs based on load the attacker generates) or directly performed, making the trigger repeatable rather than a narrow race.\nPR:L - A local unprivileged account suffices to hold the CPUM_SF sampling session on systems where perf_event_paranoid is relaxed \u2014 the standard configuration on IBM Z hosts that use CPUMF sampling for profiling \u2014 while the CPU-offline transition is supplied by the routinely-active cpuplugd daemon or hypervisor CPU reconfiguration rather than by the attacker\u0027s own privileges.\nUI:N - No victim action is required; the sampling event and the CPU hotplug transition are system/administrative operations, not interactions of a targeted user with attacker-supplied content.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `hw_collect_samples()` reads `hws_basic_entry` records out of freed and reallocated pages and pushes them to userspace through `perf_push_sample()`, leaking arbitrary reused kernel memory into the attacker-readable perf ring buffer, with the target address taken from a freed-page value fed to `phys_to_virt()`.\nI:H - The stale walk writes into freed/reallocated memory via `sample-\u003edef = 0` and `cmpxchg128(\u0026te-\u003eheader.val, ...)`, at addresses derived from freed-page contents, giving a memory-corruption primitive usable against arbitrary reallocated kernel objects.\nA:H - Dereferencing a bogus physical address obtained from freed memory, plus corruption of pages already reassigned to other kernel users, reliably produces a kernel oops or panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:46:40.129Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/238e3af849dfdcb1faed544349f7025e533f9aab"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99192c735ed4bfdff0d215ec85c8a87a677cb898"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06a92f810df8037ca36157282ddcbefdcaf049b8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be6a0bb639d165c8418d8dddd8f322587be8be"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a69752f1e5de817941a2ea0609254f6f25acd274"
        },
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a0bd7dacbd51c632b8e2c0500b479af564afadf3"
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      ],
      "title": "s390/cpum_sf: Handle CPU hotplug remove during sampling",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-57849",
    "datePublished": "2025-01-11T14:30:58.365Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-01-11T12:33:33.699Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:46:40.129Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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