CVE-2023-52923 (GCVE-0-2023-52923)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-01-20 10:48
Modified
2026-08-05 09:12
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API Use the GC transaction API to replace the old and buggy gc API and the busy mark approach. No set elements are removed from async garbage collection anymore, instead the _DEAD bit is set on so the set element is not visible from lookup path anymore. Async GC enqueues transaction work that might be aborted and retried later. rbtree and pipapo set backends does not set on the _DEAD bit from the sync GC path since this runs in control plane path where mutex is held. In this case, set elements are deactivated, removed and then released via RCU callback, sync GC never fails.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
Version: 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "cb4d00b563675ba8ff6ef94b077f58d816f68ba3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "df650d6a4bf47248261b61ef6b174d7c54034d15",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e4d71d6a9c7db93f7bf20c3a0f0659d63d7de681",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f6c383b8c31a93752a52697f8430a71dcbc46adf",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.1"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.1",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.19.316",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.262",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.198",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.134",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.56",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.4.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.5",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.316",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.262",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.198",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.134",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.56",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.11",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API\n\nUse the GC transaction API to replace the old and buggy gc API and the\nbusy mark approach.\n\nNo set elements are removed from async garbage collection anymore,\ninstead the _DEAD bit is set on so the set element is not visible from\nlookup path anymore. Async GC enqueues transaction work that might be\naborted and retried later.\n\nrbtree and pipapo set backends does not set on the _DEAD bit from the\nsync GC path since this runs in control plane path where mutex is held.\nIn this case, set elements are deactivated, removed and then released\nvia RCU callback, sync GC never fails."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Reachable only via local nfnetlink/nftables control-plane syscalls (NFT_MSG_NEWSETELEM/DELSETELEM and related set ops), not via remote packet processing.\nAC:L - An attacker can create timed-out set elements and concurrently delete/flush them from another thread while async GC runs, controlling both sides of the GC vs control-plane race that caused double-deactivation/UAF.\nPR:L - nfnetlink requires CAP_NET_ADMIN via netlink_net_capable() in the network namespace\u0027s user_ns, which an unprivileged attacker obtains with user+net namespaces (unshare -Urn).\nUI:N - Exploitation needs no victim action beyond the attacker\u0027s own netlink transactions in their namespace.\nS:U - Impact is privilege escalation within the same kernel/host authority; this is not a VM/IOMMU/sandbox boundary escape.\nC:H - The buggy busy-mark GC path allows use-after-free / double-deactivation of set elements (explicitly UaF in the GC rework; same series as CVE-2023-4244 LPE), which can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Set-element UAF enables heap reuse and write primitives for control-flow hijacking / local privilege escalation, consistent with related nf_tables GC race UAFs.\nA:H - UAF and double-free of set elements can oops/panic the kernel even when not fully exploited for code execution."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:12:03.542Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb4d00b563675ba8ff6ef94b077f58d816f68ba3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df650d6a4bf47248261b61ef6b174d7c54034d15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4d71d6a9c7db93f7bf20c3a0f0659d63d7de681"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6c383b8c31a93752a52697f8430a71dcbc46adf"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-52923",
    "datePublished": "2025-01-20T10:48:13.723Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-08-21T06:07:11.018Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:12:03.542Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.