Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-770
AllowedAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
1852 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-115448 (GCVE-0-2026-115448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 10:45 – Updated: 2026-11-06 11:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache ZooKeeper: Unbounded recursion in snapshot serialization allows a client to render the server unrecoverable
Summary
Uncontrolled recursion in Apache ZooKeeper. The server serializes its data tree to a snapshot by recursing one stack frame per znode level, with no depth bound. A client permitted to create znodes (the default root ACL is open) can build a chain of nested znodes deep enough that taking a snapshot exhausts the JVM stack and kills the snapshot thread; sizes stay within jute.maxbuffer, so existing limits do not prevent it. This is a denial of service that becomes persistent: on restart the server rebuilds the deep tree from its transaction log and fails again while taking the startup snapshot, so it does not return to service, and recovery can entail data loss. The same log affects a leader and its followers, so it can spread across an ensemble.
This issue affects Apache ZooKeeper 3.8.0 through 3.8.7 and 3.9.0 through 3.9.6. Users are recommended to upgrade to 3.8.8 or 3.9.7, which fix the issue. As a workaround, use ACLs and authentication to restrict znode creation rather than relying on the default open root ACL.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 14:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of resources without limits or throttling
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/p892jm8qw0zq… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache ZooKeeper |
Affected:
3.9.0 , ≤ 3.9.6
(maven)
Affected: 3.8.0 , ≤ 3.8.7 (maven) |
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CVE-2026-115398 (GCVE-0-2026-115398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:14 – Updated: 2026-10-23 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ghidra before 12.2 Denial of Service via TAR and ZIP File System Mount
Summary
Ghidra before 12.2 contains a resource allocation without limits vulnerability in FileSystemIndexHelper used by TarFileSystem and ZipFileSystem, which store unbounded archive entries. Attackers can persuade a user to open or batch-import a crafted TAR or ZIP archive with excessive entries to exhaust the Java heap and hang the session.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-23 14:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/… | patch |
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ghidra-befor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NationalSecurityAgency | ghidra |
Affected:
0 , < 12.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:nsa:ghidra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-21 00:00
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CVE-2026-115397 (GCVE-0-2026-115397)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:14 – Updated: 2026-10-29 12:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ghidra before 12.2 Denial of Service via Extension Archive Install
Summary
Ghidra before 12.2 contains a resource allocation without limits vulnerability in ExtensionUtils.unzipToInstallationFolder() that extracts every extension ZIP entry without limiting file count. Attackers who persuade a user to install a crafted extension archive with many files can exhaust filesystem inodes, causing project writes and other processes to fail.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 12:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/… | patch |
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ghidra-befor… | third-party-advisory |
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| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NationalSecurityAgency | ghidra |
Affected:
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Date Public
2026-10-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-115395 (GCVE-0-2026-115395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:14 – Updated: 2026-11-05 16:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ghidra 10.3 before 12.2 Denial of Service via ThemeReader.readZipTheme()
Summary
Ghidra 10.3 before 12.2 contains a resource allocation without limits vulnerability in ThemeReader.readZipTheme() that extracts unlimited theme ZIP entries to the images directory. Attackers can persuade users to import a crafted theme archive with many small files, exhausting inodes and disk space to deny service to the host.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 16:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
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1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NationalSecurityAgency | ghidra |
Affected:
10.3 , < 12.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:nsa:ghidra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-115391 (GCVE-0-2026-115391)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:13 – Updated: 2026-11-04 15:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 46.0.3 and 47.0.0 before 47.0.4 Unbounded Heap Allocation via WASIp3 Streams
Summary
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Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 15:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-46.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
46.0.0 , < 46.0.3
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-08-20 00:00
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CVE-2026-115389 (GCVE-0-2026-115389)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:13 – Updated: 2026-10-29 12:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime before 36.0.16, 37.0.0 before 48.0.3, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.1 Denial of Service via Val API
Summary
Wasmtime before 36.0.16, 37.0.0 before 48.0.3, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.1 does not adequately account for host allocations when lifting guest values through the dynamically-typed Val API, bypassing the hostcall fuel limit. A malicious WebAssembly guest can return crafted values that allocate at least ~100x more host memory than tracked, causing denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 12:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
0 , < 36.0.16
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-09-24 00:00
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CVE-2026-115381 (GCVE-0-2026-115381)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:13 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 Unbounded Host Memory Allocation via SinkOutputStream write-zeroes
Summary
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 contains an unbounded memory allocation in the wasmtime-wasi WASIp2 write-zeroes method of SinkOutputStream, the default stream used when stdout/stderr are not configured. A malicious WebAssembly guest can request huge zero-filled writes, exhausting host memory and causing denial of service.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 19:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
0 , < 36.0.17
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
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CVE-2026-115380 (GCVE-0-2026-115380)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 19:13 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 Fuel Limit Bypass DoS via WASI Preview 0 poll_oneoff
Summary
Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the wasmtime-wasi WASI preview 0 poll_oneoff adapter, which performs O(n) host work per subscription without consuming or checking fuel. Malicious guest modules can pass many subscriptions to force long-running host computation that ignores configured fuel limits.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 19:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wasmtime-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
0 , < 36.0.17
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
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CVE-2026-115339 (GCVE-0-2026-115339)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 16:46 – Updated: 2026-11-09 16:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated XFT Memory Exhaustion in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
Insufficient resource limits in Progress Software WS_FTP Server releases prior to 2025.0.5 on Windows could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
ProgressSoftware
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.progress.com/s/article/WS-FTP-S… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | WS_FTP Server |
Affected:
0 , < 2025.0.5
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CVE-2026-115269 (GCVE-0-2026-115269)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-10-26 15:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP/2 WINDOW_UPDATE and SETTINGS frames reset the request body read timeout in Bandit
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in the HTTP/2 request body reader of mtrudel bandit allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to hold stream processes open indefinitely via WINDOW_UPDATE or empty SETTINGS frames sent while a Plug reads the request body.
Bandit.HTTP2.Stream.do_read_data/4 in lib/bandit/http2/stream.ex waits for each frame with a fresh read_timeout. A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, or the zero-delta window update that every empty SETTINGS frame delivers to all streams, ends the wait without delivering any body data, and the loop starts a new full countdown. A client that sends one of these 9-byte frames before each countdown expires keeps read_body blocked, together with the stream process and whatever the application holds while reading, for as long as it likes.
This issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.14.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 15:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
EEF
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/adviso… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-115269.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-115269 | related |
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/fff06efe… | related |
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/220b9dfd… | patch |
Impacted products
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"version": "fff06efe3be962b484bd4d3eb339372fda5a231f",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
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"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.14.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "1.4.0",
"vulnerable": true
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"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
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"operator": "AND"
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"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Daniel Coles"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Mat Trudel"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2026-10-23T13:25:29.000Z",
"descriptions": [
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in the HTTP/2 request body reader of mtrudel bandit allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to hold stream processes open indefinitely via WINDOW_UPDATE or empty SETTINGS frames sent while a Plug reads the request body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eBandit.HTTP2.Stream.do_read_data/4\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/bandit/http2/stream.ex\u003c/code\u003e waits for each frame with a fresh \u003ccode\u003eread_timeout\u003c/code\u003e. A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, or the zero-delta window update that every empty SETTINGS frame delivers to all streams, ends the wait without delivering any body data, and the loop starts a new full countdown. A client that sends one of these 9-byte frames before each countdown expires keeps \u003ccode\u003eread_body\u003c/code\u003e blocked, together with the stream process and whatever the application holds while reading, for as long as it likes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.14.0.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in the HTTP/2 request body reader of mtrudel bandit allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to hold stream processes open indefinitely via WINDOW_UPDATE or empty SETTINGS frames sent while a Plug reads the request body.\n\n`Bandit.HTTP2.Stream.do_read_data/4` in `lib/bandit/http2/stream.ex` waits for each frame with a fresh `read_timeout`. A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, or the zero-delta window update that every empty SETTINGS frame delivers to all streams, ends the wait without delivering any body data, and the loop starts a new full countdown. A client that sends one of these 9-byte frames before each countdown expires keeps `read_body` blocked, together with the stream process and whatever the application holds while reading, for as long as it likes.\n\nThis issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.14.0."
}
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"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in the HTTP/2 request body reader of mtrudel bandit allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to hold stream processes open indefinitely via WINDOW_UPDATE or empty SETTINGS frames sent while a Plug reads the request body.\n\nBandit.HTTP2.Stream.do_read_data/4 in lib/bandit/http2/stream.ex waits for each frame with a fresh read_timeout. A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, or the zero-delta window update that every empty SETTINGS frame delivers to all streams, ends the wait without delivering any body data, and the loop starts a new full countdown. A client that sends one of these 9-byte frames before each countdown expires keeps read_body blocked, together with the stream process and whatever the application holds while reading, for as long as it likes.\n\nThis issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.14.0."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-469",
"descriptions": [
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn unauthenticated client can keep a Bandit HTTP/2 stream, and whatever its request handler holds while reading the body, occupied indefinitely for 9 bytes per \u003ccode\u003eread_timeout\u003c/code\u003e, and repeat this across many streams and connections. This affects any Bandit server with HTTP/2 enabled whose routes read request bodies, which \u003ccode\u003ePlug.Parsers\u003c/code\u003e does for POST, PUT and PATCH.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
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"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "An unauthenticated client can keep a Bandit HTTP/2 stream, and whatever its request handler holds while reading the body, occupied indefinitely for 9 bytes per `read_timeout`, and repeat this across many streams and connections. This affects any Bandit server with HTTP/2 enabled whose routes read request bodies, which `Plug.Parsers` does for POST, PUT and PATCH."
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"value": "An unauthenticated client can keep a Bandit HTTP/2 stream, and whatever its request handler holds while reading the body, occupied indefinitely for 9 bytes per read_timeout, and repeat this across many streams and connections. This affects any Bandit server with HTTP/2 enabled whose routes read request bodies, which Plug.Parsers does for POST, PUT and PATCH."
}
]
}
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"metrics": [
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"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
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"problemTypes": [
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"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-835",
"description": "CWE-835 Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (\u0027Infinite Loop\u0027)",
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"type": "CWE"
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{
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"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
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"type": "CWE"
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T13:30:24.621Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
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"references": [
{
"name": "HTTP/2 WINDOW_UPDATE and SETTINGS frames reset the request body read timeout in Bandit",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/advisories/GHSA-p2qv-vx88-385x"
},
{
"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-115269",
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-115269.html"
},
{
"name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-115269",
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-115269"
},
{
"name": "Introducing commit fff06ef in mtrudel/bandit",
"tags": [
"related"
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"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/fff06efe3be962b484bd4d3eb339372fda5a231f"
},
{
"name": "Fix commit 220b9df in mtrudel/bandit",
"tags": [
"patch"
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"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/220b9dfd27f9a21305be2afc75cbe585ddc24e7a"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "HTTP/2 WINDOW_UPDATE and SETTINGS frames reset the request body read timeout in Bandit",
"workarounds": [
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eDisable HTTP/2 with \u003ccode\u003ehttp_2_options: [enabled: false]\u003c/code\u003e, so that the vulnerable read path never runs.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Disable HTTP/2 with `http_2_options: [enabled: false]`, so that the vulnerable read path never runs."
}
],
"value": "Disable HTTP/2 with http_2_options: [enabled: false], so that the vulnerable read path never runs."
}
],
"x_proofOfConcept": [
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"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
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"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRun Bandit with a Plug that calls \u003ccode\u003ePlug.Conn.read_body/2\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOpen an HTTP/2 connection and send HEADERS for \u003ccode\u003ePOST /\u003c/code\u003e on stream 1 without END_STREAM.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvery 10 seconds, send a WINDOW_UPDATE on stream 1 with an increment of 1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe stream stays open for 120 s, eight times the default 15 s \u003ccode\u003eread_timeout\u003c/code\u003e. Without the WINDOW_UPDATE frames, the server ends the read after about 15 s.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "1. Run Bandit with a Plug that calls `Plug.Conn.read_body/2`.\n2. Open an HTTP/2 connection and send HEADERS for `POST /` on stream 1 without END_STREAM.\n3. Every 10 seconds, send a WINDOW_UPDATE on stream 1 with an increment of 1.\n4. The stream stays open for 120 s, eight times the default 15 s `read_timeout`. Without the WINDOW_UPDATE frames, the server ends the read after about 15 s."
}
],
"value": "* Run Bandit with a Plug that calls Plug.Conn.read_body/2.\n* Open an HTTP/2 connection and send HEADERS for POST / on stream 1 without END_STREAM.\n* Every 10 seconds, send a WINDOW_UPDATE on stream 1 with an increment of 1.\n* The stream stays open for 120 s, eight times the default 15 s read_timeout. Without the WINDOW_UPDATE frames, the server ends the read after about 15 s."
}
],
"x_technicalAnalysis": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
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"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Per-receive timeout.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003eBandit.HTTP2.Stream.read_data/2\u003c/code\u003e passes a flat \u003ccode\u003eread_timeout\u003c/code\u003e (default 15,000 ms) to \u003ccode\u003edo_read_data/4\u003c/code\u003e, which blocks in \u003ccode\u003edo_recv/2\u003c/code\u003e\u0027s \u003ccode\u003ereceive ... after timeout\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Non-progress frames end the wait.\u003c/strong\u003e A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, delivered through \u003ccode\u003eBandit.HTTP2.Connection.handle_frame/3\u003c/code\u003e, or an empty SETTINGS frame, which delivers a zero-delta window update to every stream, is matched inside that \u003ccode\u003ereceive\u003c/code\u003e. \u003ccode\u003edo_recv_send_window_update/2\u003c/code\u003e returns a bare \u003ccode\u003e%Stream{}\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003edo_read_data/4\u003c/code\u003e recurses with the identical \u003ccode\u003etimeout\u003c/code\u003e, restarting the countdown.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Nothing else bounds the read.\u003c/strong\u003e The transport read timeout fires only when no bytes arrive, \u003ccode\u003emax_bytes\u003c/code\u003e is decremented only by DATA frames, and neither WINDOW_UPDATE nor SETTINGS frames are rate limited. The send path in \u003ccode\u003edo_send_data/4\u003c/code\u003e uses a progress-based deadline; the read path does not.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "**1. Per-receive timeout.** `Bandit.HTTP2.Stream.read_data/2` passes a flat `read_timeout` (default 15,000 ms) to `do_read_data/4`, which blocks in `do_recv/2`\u0027s `receive ... after timeout`.\n\n**2. Non-progress frames end the wait.** A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, delivered through `Bandit.HTTP2.Connection.handle_frame/3`, or an empty SETTINGS frame, which delivers a zero-delta window update to every stream, is matched inside that `receive`. `do_recv_send_window_update/2` returns a bare `%Stream{}`, and `do_read_data/4` recurses with the identical `timeout`, restarting the countdown.\n\n**3. Nothing else bounds the read.** The transport read timeout fires only when no bytes arrive, `max_bytes` is decremented only by DATA frames, and neither WINDOW_UPDATE nor SETTINGS frames are rate limited. The send path in `do_send_data/4` uses a progress-based deadline; the read path does not."
}
],
"value": "1. Per-receive timeout. Bandit.HTTP2.Stream.read_data/2 passes a flat read_timeout (default 15,000 ms) to do_read_data/4, which blocks in do_recv/2\u0027s receive ... after timeout.\n\n2. Non-progress frames end the wait. A stream WINDOW_UPDATE, delivered through Bandit.HTTP2.Connection.handle_frame/3, or an empty SETTINGS frame, which delivers a zero-delta window update to every stream, is matched inside that receive. do_recv_send_window_update/2 returns a bare %Stream{}, and do_read_data/4 recurses with the identical timeout, restarting the countdown.\n\n3. Nothing else bounds the read. The transport read timeout fires only when no bytes arrive, max_bytes is decremented only by DATA frames, and neither WINDOW_UPDATE nor SETTINGS frames are rate limited. The send path in do_send_data/4 uses a progress-based deadline; the read path does not."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-115269",
"datePublished": "2026-10-26T13:30:24.621Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-23T10:15:01.872Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T15:35:52.079Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation MIT-38.1
Architecture and Design
Implementation
- If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Mitigation MIT-47
Operation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Resource Limitation
- Use quotas or other resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available. However, these functions are not available on all operating systems.
- When the current levels get close to the maximum that is defined for the application (see CWE-770), then limit the allocation of further resources to privileged users; alternately, begin releasing resources for less-privileged users. While this mitigation may protect the system from attack, it will not necessarily stop attackers from adversely impacting other users.
- Ensure that the application performs the appropriate error checks and error handling in case resources become unavailable (CWE-703).
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
CAPEC-229: Serialized Data Parameter Blowup
This attack exploits certain serialized data parsers (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) which manage data in an inefficient manner. The attacker crafts an serialized data file with multiple configuration parameters in the same dataset. In a vulnerable parser, this results in a denial of service condition where CPU resources are exhausted because of the parsing algorithm. The weakness being exploited is tied to parser implementation and not language specific.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.
CAPEC-469: HTTP DoS
An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.
CAPEC-482: TCP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the TCP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service. These attacks exploit the weakness within the TCP protocol where there is some state information for the connection the server needs to maintain. This often involves the use of TCP SYN messages.
CAPEC-486: UDP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the UDP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. Additionally, firewalls often open a port for each UDP connection destined for a service with an open UDP port, meaning the firewalls in essence save the connection state thus the high packet nature of a UDP flood can also overwhelm resources allocated to the firewall. UDP attacks can also target services like DNS or VoIP which utilize these protocols. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the UDP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-487: ICMP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the ICMP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. A typical attack involves a victim server receiving ICMP packets at a high rate from a wide range of source addresses. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the ICMP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-488: HTTP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the HTTP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming resources at the application layer such as web services and their infrastructure. These attacks use legitimate session-based HTTP GET requests designed to consume large amounts of a server's resources. Since these are legitimate sessions this attack is very difficult to detect.
CAPEC-489: SSL Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the SSL protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming all the available resources on the server side. These attacks take advantage of the asymmetric relationship between the processing power used by the client and the processing power used by the server to create a secure connection. In this manner the attacker can make a large number of HTTPS requests on a low provisioned machine to tie up a disproportionately large number of resources on the server. The clients then continue to keep renegotiating the SSL connection. When multiplied by a large number of attacking machines, this attack can result in a crash or loss of service to legitimate users.
CAPEC-490: Amplification
An adversary may execute an amplification where the size of a response is far greater than that of the request that generates it. The goal of this attack is to use a relatively few resources to create a large amount of traffic against a target server. To execute this attack, an adversary send a request to a 3rd party service, spoofing the source address to be that of the target server. The larger response that is generated by the 3rd party service is then sent to the target server. By sending a large number of initial requests, the adversary can generate a tremendous amount of traffic directed at the target. The greater the discrepancy in size between the initial request and the final payload delivered to the target increased the effectiveness of this attack.
CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion
An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. CAPEC-197 is a similar attack pattern, but it is easier to discover and defend against. This attack pattern does not perform multi-level substitution and therefore does not obviously appear to consume extensive resources.
CAPEC-493: SOAP Array Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a web service that uses SOAP messages in communication. By sending a very large SOAP array declaration to the web service, the attacker forces the web service to allocate space for the array elements before they are parsed by the XML parser. The attacker message is typically small in size containing a large array declaration of say 1,000,000 elements and a couple of array elements. This attack targets exhaustion of the memory resources of the web service.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-528: XML Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using XML messages with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a web service. These attacks are accomplished by sending a large number of XML based requests and letting the service attempt to parse each one. In many cases this type of an attack will result in a XML Denial of Service (XDoS) due to an application becoming unstable, freezing, or crashing.