Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-158

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.

35 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-124077 (GCVE-0-2026-124077)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 20:10 – Updated: 2026-11-10 00:11
VLAI
Title
Apache Commons Codec: NUL bytes in tree entry names cause Git/SWHID identifier collisions (GitIdentifiers class)
Summary
The GitIdentifiers class in Apache Commons Codec did not reject NUL bytes in tree entry names. Because Git uses a NUL byte to mark the end of each entry name in a tree object, a crafted name could make one tree serialize to the same bytes as a different tree. Two different directory trees could then receive the same Git tree identifier or SWHID. The impact is limited: common file systems do not allow NUL bytes in file names, so trees built by walking a file system are not affected. Only applications that build trees from names supplied by other sources, such as entries of archive formats that permit NUL bytes in names (e.g. ZIP) or names passed directly to the API, are exposed. This issue affects Apache Commons Codec: from 1.22.0 before 1.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.23.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-158 - Improper neutralization of null byte or NUL character
Assigner
apache CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Commons Codec Affected: 1.22.0 , < 1.23.0 (maven)
Create a notification for this product.
Apache Software Foundation Apache Commons Codec Affected: 387120c901f4a75c3112dfdf8877dcdec7ae685d , < 87f6aa2818836998528ff4b0d1ea35545a800ee5 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-118767 (GCVE-0-2026-118767)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 17:17 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:12
VLAI
Title
Botan: Python binding bcrypt APIs truncate passwords containing embedded NULs
Summary
Botan is a C++ cryptography library. From 1.11.22 until 3.13.0, Botan's Python binding converted Python strings containing U+0000 to const char* values without consistently rejecting the embedded NUL, causing bcrypt and check_bcrypt to process only the prefix before the NUL. Applications could validate a longer password but hash a shorter effective value, allowing application password-policy bypass; scrypt and argon2 are unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 3.13.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 15:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
randombit botan Affected: >= 1.11.22, < 3.13.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-116566 (GCVE-0-2026-116566)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 17:45 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
Title
socket.getaddrinfo() accepts embedded null bytes in host and port
Summary
socket.getaddrinfo() previously accepted null bytes within *host* and *port* parameters which can cause the values to be silently truncated.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 17:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
PSF CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Python Software Foundation CPython Affected: 0 , < 3.16.0 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-115473 (GCVE-0-2026-115473)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 21:40 – Updated: 2026-11-05 20:02
VLAI
Title
Mongoose: Heap OOB reads and null-byte bypass in mg_path_is_sane (util.c)
Summary
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.22, mg_path_is_sane in src/util.c read path.buf[1] without first requiring path.len to be at least two and read s[2] when only two bytes remained. Unauthenticated remote requests reaching mg_http_upload or mg_http_serve_dir with the affected short path shapes could therefore trigger one-byte heap out-of-bounds reads. On bare-metal or RTOS targets without memory protection, the adjacent byte could be exposed or influence whether a path was accepted, and instrumented builds could crash. This issue is fixed in version 7.22.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 20:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cesanta mongoose Affected: < 7.22
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105475 (GCVE-0-2026-105475)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 21:05 – Updated: 2026-11-02 21:25
VLAI
Summary
Improper neutralization of a NUL byte in cPanel allows remote attackers to read any mail account's calendar and contact data.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 21:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
Assigner
hackerone CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WebPros cPanel Affected: 0 , < 11.138.0.19 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 11.136.0.51 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 11.134.0.67 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 11.110.0.154 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105240 (GCVE-0-2026-105240)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:47 – Updated: 2026-10-07 16:27
VLAI
Title
Apache log4net: NUL character truncates OutputDebugStringAppender records
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character vulnerability in the OutputDebugStringAppender of Apache log4net. A NUL character in logged content ended the debug output record at that point, so everything the layout rendered after it, including exception text and trailing fields, was silently lost. A party whose data reaches a log message could hide the rest of that record. Only applications on Windows that use OutputDebugStringAppender are affected. This issue affects Apache log4net: from 1.2.9 before 3.5.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.5.0, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 16:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
Assigner
apache CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache log4net Affected: 1.2.9 , < 3.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Apache Software Foundation Apache log4net Affected: 02e1e115435888485f2e28b414d267e39e799e07 , < 6046fe9d7f353b49fe995361c071ec2eea8f7ef6 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105239 (GCVE-0-2026-105239)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:46 – Updated: 2026-10-07 06:11
VLAI
Title
Apache log4net: NUL character truncates EventLogAppender records
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character vulnerability in the EventLogAppender of Apache log4net. A NUL character in logged content ended the Windows Event Log record at that point, so everything the layout rendered after it, including exception text and trailing fields, was silently not stored. A party whose data reaches a log message could hide the rest of that record. Only applications on Windows that use EventLogAppender are affected. This issue affects Apache log4net: from 1.2.9 before 3.5.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.5.0, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
Assigner
apache CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache log4net Affected: 1.2.9 , < 3.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Apache Software Foundation Apache log4net Affected: 02e1e115435888485f2e28b414d267e39e799e07 , < dc5855a0720c91590fd7a81d729ea01fdd69e000 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-92705 (GCVE-0-2026-92705)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 20:37 – Updated: 2026-10-14 02:14
VLAI
Title
Aegisub executes arbitrary code through automatically loaded Automation scripts
Summary
Aegisub is a cross-platform advanced subtitle editor. From 3.2.0 to 3.4.2, Aegisub automatically loads Automation scripts referenced by `Automation Scripts` metadata in `ASS` subtitle projects without asking whether the user trusts the scripts or their authors. An attacker can distribute a crafted `ASS` file together with a referenced malicious Automation script, and opening the `AS`  file executes arbitrary code with the privileges of the Aegisub process. From 3.4.0 to 3.4.2, inconsistent handling of embedded `NUL` characters between extension validation and filesystem operations additionally allows a crafted `ASS/Lua` polyglot to reference and execute itself as a single-file variant. The vulnerability is fixed in Aegisub 3.5.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 02:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TypesettingTools Aegisub Affected: >= 3.2.0, < 3.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-84790 (GCVE-0-2026-84790)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 21:39 – Updated: 2026-10-18 13:54
VLAI
Summary
OpenVPN 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.7 allows remote authenticated users to impersonate others via a crafted certificate subject field
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-18 13:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication bypass by spoofing
  • CWE-158 - Improper neutralization of null byte or NUL character
Assigner
OpenVPN CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenVPN OpenVPN Affected: 2.7_alpha1 , ≤ 2.7.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-76354 (GCVE-0-2026-76354)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-20 16:27
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal through Search Head Clustering in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, a user who does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could affect system integrity and availability by sending a crafted Representational State Transfer (REST) API request that deletes or temporarily overwrites files writable by the user account running Splunk Enterprise processes on a non-captain search head cluster member. The vulnerability is possible because Search Head Clustering bundle replication does not validate the name of a replicated bundle file or neutralize NUL bytes before constructing the member bundle path. For more information see About search head clustering (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/distributed-search/10.4/overview-of-search-head-clustering/about-search-head-clustering), Define roles on the Splunk platform with capabilities (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/10.4/manage-splunk-platform-users-and-roles/define-roles-on-the-splunk-platform-with-capabilities), and Secure Splunk Enterprise service accounts (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/9.0/install-splunk-enterprise-securely/secure-splunk-enterprise-service-accounts) in the Splunk documentation.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 16:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-158 - The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.
Assigner
cisco CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Splunk Splunk Enterprise Affected: 10.4 , < 10.4.2 (custom)
Affected: 10.2 , < 10.2.6 (custom)
Affected: 10.0 , < 10.0.9 (custom)
Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.14 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation

Developers should anticipate that null characters or null bytes will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their product. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes

An adversary embeds one or more null bytes in input to the target software. This attack relies on the usage of a null-valued byte as a string terminator in many environments. The goal is for certain components of the target software to stop processing the input when it encounters the null byte(s).

CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash

If a string is passed through a filter of some kind, then a terminal NULL may not be valid. Using alternate representation of NULL allows an adversary to embed the NULL mid-string while postfixing the proper data so that the filter is avoided. One example is a filter that looks for a trailing slash character. If a string insertion is possible, but the slash must exist, an alternate encoding of NULL in mid-string may be used.