Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-131
AllowedIncorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.
153 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-91962 (GCVE-0-2026-91962)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Integer Overflow via audin Apple backends
Summary
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 contains an integer overflow in the audin Apple backends when processing FramesPerPacket values from MSG_SNDIN_OPEN messages. Attackers can supply crafted FramesPerPacket values that cause AudioQueueAllocateBuffer size computation to wrap, resulting in undersized buffer allocation and potential out-of-bounds access.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-31 00:00
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CVE-2026-88830 (GCVE-0-2026-88830)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 17:04 – Updated: 2026-09-24 16:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Busybox: busybox: tls montgomery reduction allocates bytes instead of digits, causing a pre-auth heap buffer overflow
Summary
A unit confusion in BusyBox TLS Montgomery reduction buffer allocation causes a pre-authentication heap buffer overflow when processing a crafted ClientKeyExchange message.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 18:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-88830 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2531344 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
|
Date Public
2026-09-23 16:35
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CVE-2026-86563 (GCVE-0-2026-86563)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 16:08 – Updated: 2026-11-09 09:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dpdk: dpdk: double offset bug in vhost log mapping calculation
Summary
A flaw was found in DPDK lib/vhost. A double-offset bug in vhost log mapping calculation can lead to incorrect memory access.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 17:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:94629 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:94630 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:96083 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-86563 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2529668 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
2:25.11-2.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:23.11-3.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
2:25.11-2.el9_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for RHEL 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10::fastdatapath
|
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for RHEL 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath
|
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for RHEL 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13 (Queens) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:13
|
Date Public
2026-10-14 15:00
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CVE-2026-84448 (GCVE-0-2026-84448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 15:53 – Updated: 2026-09-24 20:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
libheif: Heap out-of-bounds read in libheif inline-mask region API (heif_region_item_add_region_inline_mask_data / heif_region_get_mask_image)
Summary
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to 1.23.2, the public heif_region_item_add_region_inline_mask_data() function in libheif/api/libheif/heif_regions.cc accepts mask_data_len without verifying that it equals the byte count required by width and height. A later heif_region_get_mask_image() call derives the read length from the region geometry, so an undersized stored buffer causes heif_region_get_inline_mask_image() to read beyond the heap allocation and copy adjacent bytes into the returned monochrome mask image. This can disclose heap data or crash an application that constructs region metadata through the writer API, while the file-parsing path is not affected because it validates the canonical mask size. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 20:58 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/646d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| strukturag | libheif |
Affected:
< 1.23.2
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CVE-2026-82944 (GCVE-0-2026-82944)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 08:47 – Updated: 2026-11-02 20:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Buffer Overflow in CoE SDO Upload Multi-Segment Data Transfers
Summary
SOEM version 2.0.0 and earlier contains a vulnerability in multi-segment data transfers where a malicious device can overflow memory buffers. The software checks the total size only once at the beginning, but doesn't track the cumulative size as multiple segments arrive. An attacker can declare a small initial size to pass validation, then send additional segments that exceed the allocated buffer. This allows the attacker to write controlled data beyond buffer boundaries, potentially enabling code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
ENISA
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://rt-labs.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/RR… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RT-Labs AB | SOEM |
Affected:
0 , < 2.0.1
(semver)
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CVE-2026-78221 (GCVE-0-2026-78221)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 07:28 – Updated: 2026-09-08 14:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An incorrect buffer size calculation in the Windows Interactive Service in OpenVPN 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.6 allows local authenticated users to cause memory corruption or disclose sensitive information via crafted NRPT inputs.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 14:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-131 - Incorrect calculation of buffer size
Assigner
OpenVPN
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.openvpn.net/Security%20Announce… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-78002 (GCVE-0-2026-78002)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 16:12 – Updated: 2026-11-09 02:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rsyslog: rsyslog: denial of service via heap buffer overflow in rainerscript replace() function
Summary
A flaw was found in rsyslog. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger a heap buffer overflow in the RainerScript `replace()` function by sending specially crafted syslog messages. This vulnerability arises from an incorrect buffer size calculation during string replacement, causing memory corruption. Successful exploitation can lead to a denial of service (DoS) for the affected system.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 18:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
16 references
Impacted products
16 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:8.2510.0-5.el10_2.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:8.2412.0-1.el10_0.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:8.24.0-57.el7_9.4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:8.2102.0-15.el8_10.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:8.1911.0-7.el8_4.5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:8.1911.0-7.el8_4.5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:8.2102.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:8.2102.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:8.2102.0-13.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:8.2102.0-13.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:8.2510.0-2.el9_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:8.2102.0-113.el9_2.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:8.2310.0-4.el9_4.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:8.2412.0-1.el9_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1790241900 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:6
|
Date Public
2026-08-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-75093 (GCVE-0-2026-75093)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 01:30 – Updated: 2026-08-19 14:11 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sonos tract ONNX Initializer Loader tensor.rs from_raw_dt_align buffer size
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in sonos tract up to 0.23.4. This impacts the function Tensor::from_raw_dt_align of the file data/src/tensor.rs of the component ONNX Initializer Loader. Such manipulation leads to incorrect calculation of buffer size. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The name of the patch is 66b10bda8895f4bfaf8c205361f0125cdf51f99b. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 14:11 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391335 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391335/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-75093 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/877271 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sonos/tract/issues/2390 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sonos/tract/pull/2413 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/sonos/tract/commit/66b10bda889… | patch |
| https://github.com/sonos/tract/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-70457 (GCVE-0-2026-70457)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:44 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
rsync 3.2.3 < 3.5.0 Out-of-Bounds Write via parse_size_arg()
Summary
rsync 3.2.3 before 3.5.0 contains an out-of-bounds write in parse_size_arg() where the return value of snprintf() is used directly as an index into a .bss-segment array without bounds checking. When snprintf truncates the formatted size string, the return value equals the number of characters that would have been written including the truncated portion, and this value may exceed the array length. The subsequent indexed write targets memory outside the intended array bounds, corrupting .bss memory.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 17:32 UTC
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/ta… | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-out-of… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RsyncProject | rsync |
Affected:
3.2.3 , ≤ 3.4.4
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-69598 (GCVE-0-2026-69598)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:19 – Updated: 2026-10-31 16:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows iSCSI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Incorrect calculation of buffer size in Windows iSCSI allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 16:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.9445
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.9445
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2954
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26349
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26349
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23398
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23398
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5622
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33438
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33438
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
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"datePublic": "2026-09-08T14:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en-US",
"value": "Incorrect calculation of buffer size in Windows iSCSI allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
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{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-131",
"description": "CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size",
"lang": "en-US",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T16:17:47.597Z",
"orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
"shortName": "microsoft"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Windows iSCSI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-69598"
}
],
"title": "Windows iSCSI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
},
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-69598",
"datePublished": "2026-09-08T17:19:16.612Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-03T21:18:49.124Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T16:17:47.597Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}
Mitigation
Implementation
When allocating a buffer for the purpose of transforming, converting, or encoding an input, allocate enough memory to handle the largest possible encoding. For example, in a routine that converts "&" characters to "&" for HTML entity encoding, the output buffer needs to be at least 5 times as large as the input buffer.
Mitigation MIT-36
Implementation
- Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
- Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-8
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Implementation
When processing structured incoming data containing a size field followed by raw data, identify and resolve any inconsistencies between the size field and the actual size of the data (CWE-130).
Mitigation
Implementation
When allocating memory that uses sentinels to mark the end of a data structure - such as NUL bytes in strings - make sure you also include the sentinel in your calculation of the total amount of memory that must be allocated.
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use sizeof() on the appropriate data type to avoid CWE-467.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the appropriate type for the desired action. For example, in C/C++, only use unsigned types for values that could never be negative, such as height, width, or other numbers related to quantity. This will simplify validation and will reduce surprises related to unexpected casting.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences, or buffer allocation routines that automatically track buffer size.
- Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-26
Implementation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.