Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

4528 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-109950 (GCVE-0-2026-109950)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:27 – Updated: 2026-10-13 13:47
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Read via RD Gateway Messages
Summary
FreeRDP from 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability that allows a malicious RD Gateway to crash clients by sending mismatched message lengths. Attackers controlling the gateway can set MsgBytes far larger than the NDR string ActualCount in consent or service messages, causing UTF-8 conversion to read past the stream allocation and disrupt client availability.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 13:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 3.0.0 , < 3.32.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.32.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
Credits
Kushalkhemka opensec-intelligence mayank-jangid-moon skigeek16
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-109806 (GCVE-0-2026-109806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 00:39 – Updated: 2026-11-10 00:39
VLAI
Title
Multiple Vulnerabilities in SAP NetWeaver (Internet Graphics Service)
Summary
SAP NetWeaver (Internet Graphics Service) does not sufficiently validate certain input values within incoming requests. An unauthenticated user could send a specially crafted request containing malformed image data, triggering an integer overflow that leads to repeated termination of the worker process. This results in a high impact on availability with no impact on integrity or confidentiality.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
Assigner
sap CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SAP_SE SAP NetWeaver (Internet Graphics Service) Affected: BC-FES-IGS 7.20EXT
Affected: 7.20_EXT2
Affected: 7.53
Affected: 7.54
Affected: 7.81
Affected: 9.16
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-109677 (GCVE-0-2026-109677)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:27 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:44
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP 2.0.0-beta1 before 3.28.0 Out-of-Bounds Read via LocateCardsByATRA Handler
Summary
FreeRDP from 2.0.0-beta1 before 3.28.0 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in smartcard_LocateCardsByATRA_Call because the ATR pattern cbAtr byte count is not capped. Malicious RDP servers can send crafted ATR mask arrays to use query timing as an oracle, leaking heap memory bit-by-bit to defeat ASLR and aid RCE exploits.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 16:21 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 2.0.0-beta1 , < 3.28.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.28.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
Credits
alexdowad
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109588 (GCVE-0-2026-109588)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 17:09 – Updated: 2026-10-20 18:08
VLAI
Title
Numeric truncation in the MPU buffer authorization check in FreeRTOS-Kernel
Summary
Numeric truncation of the buffer length in the MPU buffer authorization check in FreeRTOS-Kernel V11.3.0 and V11.3.1 on the Arm Cortex-R82 (Armv8-R AArch64) MPU port might allow, under certain conditions, an unprivileged task on MPU-enabled builds to read or write privileged kernel memory beyond the validated buffer window, via a stream buffer system call. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version V11.3.2 or later.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 17:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
AMZN CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRTOS FreeRTOS-Kernel Affected: 11.3.0 , ≤ 11.3.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:freertos:freertos-kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ada Logics Ltd Anthropic
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109395 (GCVE-0-2026-109395)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 00:46 – Updated: 2026-10-20 14:29
VLAI
Title
Ning compress-lzf before 1.2.0 Out-of-Bounds Memory Access via UnsafeChunkDecoder
Summary
Ning compress-lzf before 1.2.0 contains an out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability in the sun.misc.Unsafe based UnsafeChunkDecoder that fails to validate back-references and literal runs. Attackers can supply crafted LZF streams to applications using the default LZFDecoder to leak unrelated JVM heap memory into decompressed output or crash the JVM.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 14:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ning compress-lzf Affected: 0 , < 1.2.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-07 13:15
Credits
Marcono1234
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109281 (GCVE-0-2026-109281)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-18 11:42
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick 7.1.0-21 before 7.1.2-32 Heap Buffer Over-Read via -fx Option
Summary
ImageMagick 7.1.0-21 before 7.1.2-32 contains a heap buffer over-read in its handling of the -fx option, where a certain -fx operation reads beyond the bounds of an allocated heap buffer in specific situations. Attackers who can get a crafted -fx expression processed can read out-of-bounds heap memory, potentially disclosing limited memory contents.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-18 11:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.1.0-21 , < 7.1.2-32 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-32 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:imagemagick:imagemagick:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-27 00:00
Credits
Yanhaoxi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109269 (GCVE-0-2026-109269)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:56
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-57 and 7.x before 7.1.2-32 Information Disclosure via JPEG Decoder
Summary
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-57 and 7.x before 7.1.2-32 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the JPEG decoder, which performs a read that exposes uninitialized memory when handling crafted input. Attackers can supply a crafted JPEG file for processing to disclose uninitialized memory contents.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 16:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-32 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-32 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 6.9.13-57 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-57 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-27 00:00
Credits
Yanhaoxi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109265 (GCVE-0-2026-109265)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:04
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick 7.1.1-7 before 7.1.2-32 Heap Buffer Over-Read via XMP Profile
Summary
ImageMagick 7.1.1-7 before 7.1.2-32 contains a heap buffer over-read vulnerability that allows attackers to read beyond allocated memory due to incorrect string termination in XMP profiles. Attackers can supply a crafted image containing a malformed XMP profile to trigger the over-read and crash the application.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 18:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.1.1-7 , < 7.1.2-32 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-32 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:imagemagick:imagemagick:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-27 00:00
Credits
manus-pi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109253 (GCVE-0-2026-109253)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 15:29
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP 3.9.0 before 3.32.0 RDPEAR NDR Scalar Out-of-Bounds Read
Summary
FreeRDP from 3.9.0 before 3.32.0 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the RDPEAR NDR scalar readers, which check value length before consuming alignment padding. Malicious or compromised RDP servers can send crafted unaligned RDPEAR payloads, such as CreateApReqAuthenticatorReq messages, to clients using Remote Credential Guard, causing over-reads and potentially crashing the client process.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 15:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 3.9.0 , < 3.32.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.32.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-28 00:00
Credits
HAN-BAMBO
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109249 (GCVE-0-2026-109249)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:56
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Read via Remote Assistance File Parsing
Summary
FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains a heap out-of-bounds read in freerdp_assistance_parse_all_elements_of() because it advances its parsing cursor without reducing the remaining length, letting the scan window exceed the decrypted ConnectionString2 buffer. Attackers can supply a crafted .msrcIncident invitation file and password that crash xfreerdp when opened, before any RDP connection.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 15:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 3.0.0 , < 3.32.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.32.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-28 00:00
Credits
DavidKorczynski
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "DavidKorczynski"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains a heap out-of-bounds read in freerdp_assistance_parse_all_elements_of() because it advances its parsing cursor without reducing the remaining length, letting the scan window exceed the decrypted ConnectionString2 buffer. Attackers can supply a crafted .msrcIncident invitation file and password that crash xfreerdp when opened, before any RDP connection."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "Out-of-bounds Read",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-12T16:04:22.914Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-gvq8-v2fm-ffxv)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-gvq8-v2fm-ffxv"
        },
        {
          "name": "Patch Commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/2a737ce14dfee036a12d2d3e87473ace3e20349b"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Read via Remote Assistance File Parsing",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-3.0.0-before-3.32.0-heap-out-of-bounds-read-via-remote-assistance-file-parsing"
        }
      ],
      "title": "FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Read via Remote Assistance File Parsing",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-109249",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-12T16:04:22.914Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-12T14:09:00.052Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T16:56:51.739Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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