Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

4654 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-44978 (GCVE-0-2026-44978)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 16:56 – Updated: 2026-07-21 16:04
VLAI
Title
xrdp: Unchecked FIPS padding length in standard RDP Security causes heap out-of-bounds read in HMAC verification
Summary
xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to security_layer=negotiate or security_layer=rdp, and the crypto level is changed to crypt_level=fips in xrdp.ini. In this specific non-default mode, the server fails to validate the FIPS padding length field, leading to a pointer underflow and a subsequent negative length calculation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted FIPS-protected PDU, causing a heap out-of-bounds read that results in a process crash and denial of service (DoS). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 16:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
neutrinolabs xrdp Affected: < 0.10.6.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44822 (GCVE-0-2026-44822)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-11-10 23:24
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 14:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Excel 2016 Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.5556.1001 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 365 for Mac Affected: 1.0.0 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Office Online Server Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20137 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44821 (GCVE-0-2026-44821)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:04 – Updated: 2026-11-10 23:23
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Office Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 13:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2016 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.0.5556.1005 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 365 for Mac Affected: 1.0.0 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.0.5556.1005 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft SharePoint Server 2019 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20153 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.0.19725.20384 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44820 (GCVE-0-2026-44820)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:04 – Updated: 2026-11-10 23:23
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 03:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Excel 2016 Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.5556.1001 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 365 for Mac Affected: 1.0.0 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.110.26061317 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Office Online Server Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20137 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44814 (GCVE-0-2026-44814)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:06 – Updated: 2026-11-10 23:25
VLAI
Title
Windows DWM Core Library Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Windows DWM Core Library allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 14:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_26H1:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44808 (GCVE-0-2026-44808)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:06 – Updated: 2026-11-10 23:25
VLAI
Title
Windows DWM Core Library Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows DWM Core Library allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 03:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_26H1:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44518 (GCVE-0-2026-44518)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 18:07 – Updated: 2026-05-29 18:41
VLAI
Title
liboqs: XMSS Buffer Overread Bug
Summary
liboqs is a C-language cryptographic library that provides implementations of post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Prior to 0.16.0, an out-of-bounds read has been identified in the XMSS and XMSS^MT stateful signature verification code. When the verification function is called with a signature buffer shorter than the expected signature size for the given parameter set, the implementation does not validate the caller-supplied length and proceeds to read past the end of the buffer. The out-of-bounds bytes are consumed only as input to an internal hash computation and are not returned to the caller, so no oracle exists to leak their contents to an attacker. The primary observable effect is a possible crash (denial of service) of the verifying process if the read crosses into an unmapped memory page. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.16.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 18:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-quantum-safe liboqs Affected: < 0.16.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-44452 (GCVE-0-2026-44452)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 22:54 – Updated: 2026-07-17 14:03
VLAI
Title
h2o is vulnerable to heap overrun
Summary
h2o is an HTTP server with support for HTTP/1.x, HTTP/2 and HTTP/3. Prior to commit 8dc37cb, when h2o receives a ClientHello message over TLS or QUIC and it contains a zero-length SNI extension, the h2o server runs over the zero-length hostname while trying to copy the hostname, assuming that it is NULL-terminated. This is a potential denial-of-service attack vector in sense that it might trigger segmentation violation. This issue has been fixed by commit 8dc37cb.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-17 14:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
h2o h2o Affected: < 8dc37cb
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44382 (GCVE-0-2026-44382)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 17:45 – Updated: 2026-11-10 17:45
VLAI
Summary
Out-of-bounds read for some Intel(R) Wireless Bluetooth(R) within Ring 0: Kernel may allow a denial of service. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • Denial of Service
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
intel CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Intel(R) Wireless Bluetooth(R) Affected: See references
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44235 (GCVE-0-2026-44235)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 17:09 – Updated: 2026-09-17 17:43
VLAI
Title
rabbitmq-c: size_t underflow in AMQP frame length computation leads to out-of-bounds read
Summary
rabbitmq-c is a C-language AMQP client library for RabbitMQ. Prior to 0.16.0, a malicious AMQP server can send an undersized HEADER or METHOD frame during client login and cause unsigned size_t underflow in amqp_handle_input() in librabbitmq/amqp_connection.c. The parser subtracts HEADER_SIZE, fixed per-frame fields, and FOOTER_SIZE from state->target_size without first checking the minimum frame length. The wrapped encoded.len value is passed through amqp_decode_properties() to amqp_decode_table_internal(), where it defeats bounds checks and causes an out-of-bounds read and process crash. An on-path attacker can also trigger the issue when AMQP traffic is not protected by TLS with certificate validation. The demonstrated impact is denial of service, with no reliable memory disclosure or code execution shown. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 17:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
alanxz rabbitmq-c Affected: < 0.16.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-17T17:09:48.108Z",
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        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/security/advisories/GHSA-9mmv-r8g3-qp46",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/security/advisories/GHSA-9mmv-r8g3-qp46"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/pull/878",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/pull/878"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/commit/1d3afbb056fee5cc9ea05680bf32288715d0d802",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/commit/1d3afbb056fee5cc9ea05680bf32288715d0d802"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/releases/tag/v0.16.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/releases/tag/v0.16.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9mmv-r8g3-qp46",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "rabbitmq-c: size_t underflow in AMQP frame length computation leads to out-of-bounds read"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-44235",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-17T17:09:48.108Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-05T15:42:40.519Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-17T17:43:19.821Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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