CVE-2026-98442 (GCVE-0-2026-98442)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-10-18 15:14
Modified
2026-10-24 14:08
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: act_ct: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc While calling the helpers, a raw pointer to the extensions area is wired into expectations list: -> nf_ct_helper() -> helper->help() -> nf_ct_expect_related_report() -> nf_ct_expect_insert() -> hlist_add_head_rcu(&exp->lnode, &master_help->expectations) In case the connection is not confirmed yet, more extensions can be added afterwards with *_ext_add() calls reallocating the extension space and leaving the now invalid pointer in the expectations list that is later accessed while removing the expectation. Make sure that helpers are called at the end after all the other extensions are already added. Note that the helper rejection now leaves the mark and labels set, but that's not different from how the NAT was handled before or how the mark and the labels were handled on confirmation failure. And there are no atomicity guarantees provided by the API anyway.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b
Version: a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b
Version: a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b
Version: a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b
Version: a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/sched/act_ct.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "31f5fe29a572037ee19c233dfe506849940c484b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1679bbf5fbeac52a310b1a58b2b301bbf388bdbf",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "812c16a255e7773a544e88b39ae6daed25544d30",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8988f4d11f3fba0ab38122178836c683ad516a05",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "dad19b59da050cb60d3f7023dac2a042a84bf0bd",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/sched/act_ct.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.2"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.2",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.160",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.112",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.55",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.112",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.55",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.9",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_ct: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc\n\nWhile calling the helpers, a raw pointer to the extensions area is\nwired into expectations list:\n\n  -\u003e nf_ct_helper()\n   -\u003e helper-\u003ehelp()\n    -\u003e nf_ct_expect_related_report()\n     -\u003e nf_ct_expect_insert()\n      -\u003e hlist_add_head_rcu(\u0026exp-\u003elnode, \u0026master_help-\u003eexpectations)\n\nIn case the connection is not confirmed yet, more extensions can be\nadded afterwards with *_ext_add() calls reallocating the extension\nspace and leaving the now invalid pointer in the expectations list\nthat is later accessed while removing the expectation.\n\nMake sure that helpers are called at the end after all the other\nextensions are already added.\n\nNote that the helper rejection now leaves the mark and labels set,\nbut that\u0027s not different from how the NAT was handled before or how\nthe mark and the labels were handled on confirmation failure.  And\nthere are no atomicity guarantees provided by the API anyway."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug requires a locally supplied RTM_NEWTFILTER action containing TCA_CT_HELPER_NAME and COMMIT, parsed by tcf_ct_init(); a helper-recognized packet then reaches the patched tcf_ct_act(). The packet does not carry the extension-layout/action data, so this is local tc/netlink reachability.\nAC:L - The same actor can choose the helper, COMMIT, and extension state, send a packet such as a TFTP RRQ/WRQ to make nf_ct_expect_insert() link an expectation, groom krealloc, and trigger removal; no race or independent victim state is required.\nPR:L - rtnetlink_rcv_msg() gates a bound RTM_NEWTFILTER action with netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN) against the network namespace\u0027s user_ns. An unprivileged user can obtain that capability in a new user and network namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker installs the clsact/flower action and supplies the helper-recognized trigger traffic themselves; no separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The dangling nf_conn_help.expectations link corrupts memory within the same host kernel security authority; it does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or other scope boundary.\nC:H - After nf_ct_ext_add() moves the extension allocation, exp-\u003elnode.pprev still targets freed storage; reclaiming that storage creates an exploitable kernel UAF capable of memory disclosure.\nI:H - nf_ct_unlink_expect_report() calls hlist_del_rcu(), which writes the expectation\u0027s next pointer through stale exp-\u003elnode.pprev into reclaimed heap memory, enabling heap corruption and potential control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - nf_ct_remove_expectations() or nf_ct_expectation_gc() eventually performs the stale list write, which can corrupt kernel heap objects and cause an oops or panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-24T14:08:50.801Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31f5fe29a572037ee19c233dfe506849940c484b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1679bbf5fbeac52a310b1a58b2b301bbf388bdbf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/812c16a255e7773a544e88b39ae6daed25544d30"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8988f4d11f3fba0ab38122178836c683ad516a05"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dad19b59da050cb60d3f7023dac2a042a84bf0bd"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/sched: act_ct: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-98442",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-18T15:14:52.614Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.349Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-24T14:08:50.801Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.