CVE-2026-72491 (GCVE-0-2026-72491)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-08-15 05:57
Modified
2026-10-16 18:55
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c The rdma->state field is modified without holding req_lock in both recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses the same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking creates a race condition: - recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets rdma->state = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock - p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma->state at multiple points (ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without req_lock - rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(&rdma->req_lock, flags) to protect the read-modify-write of rdma->state The race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM event handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request() is concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to the FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This corrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on RDMA request objects during teardown. Fix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma->state modifications in recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already used in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore in the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs in softirq context. Tested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating rdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma->state with proper locking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost transitions.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b
Version: 3479b3c35e82ed10aa0ca2ee9e78c4eded06ba62
Version: c01ddaa54d7411e964ffd250c018d8469c5852f2
Version: 9e69c673fe077b8dc491cd8406c9bdcb1f76dee2
Version: e48e7e27e4dfd00c81e0381e7cee610cce021452
Version: 4.4.185   ≤
Version: 4.9.185   ≤
Version: 4.14.132   ≤
Version: 4.19.57   ≤
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c\n\nThe rdma-\u003estate field is modified without holding req_lock in both\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses\nthe same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking\ncreates a race condition:\n\n- recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets\n  rdma-\u003estate = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock\n\n- p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma-\u003estate at multiple points\n  (ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without\n  req_lock\n\n- rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(\u0026rdma-\u003ereq_lock, flags) to\n  protect the read-modify-write of rdma-\u003estate\n\nThe race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM\nevent handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request()\nis concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to\nthe FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This\ncorrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on\nRDMA request objects during teardown.\n\nFix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma-\u003estate modifications in\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already\nused in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore\nin the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs\nin softirq context.\n\nTested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating\nrdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma-\u003estate with proper\nlocking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost\ntransitions."
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:N - The 9p RDMA client processes RDMA receive completions and CM disconnect events from the remote peer in recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(); a malicious or compromised 9p server over RoCE/iWARP can trigger err_out and concurrent teardown without local access.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by sending malformed 9p RDMA replies to drive recv_done() into err_out while forcing disconnects and concurrent rdma_request() error paths; no uncontrollable memory layout or rare victim state is required.\nPR:N - A remote malicious 9p RDMA server needs no credentials on the victim kernel; HPC clusters and virtio-9p backends with persistent trans=rdma mounts let the server alone time malformed replies against in-flight client requests.\nUI:N - No per-attack victim action is needed on existing 9p RDMA mounts\u2014automated workloads, parallel I/O, and server-initiated RDMA disconnects concurrently reach recv_done() and rdma_request() during normal filesystem operation.\nS:U - Impact is kernel heap corruption and local privilege escalation within the victim kernel security domain; UAF on p9_req_t during RDMA teardown does not cross VM, container, or IOMMU isolation boundaries.\nC:H - Lost FLUSHING state transitions corrupt the connection teardown state machine and cause use-after-free on RDMA request (p9_req_t) objects; UAF provides attacker-influenced freed-heap contents usable for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Corrupted rdma-\u003estate frees in-flight p9_req_t structures while send_done() and p9_client_cb() still hold references, enabling heap grooming and arbitrary kernel write or control-flow hijack primitives.\nA:H - Use-after-free during RDMA request teardown causes kernel oops or panic when dangling p9_req_t objects are accessed, and state-machine corruption alone can hang or crash the 9p RDMA transport."
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:52.224Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b"
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      "title": "net/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-72491",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:57:26.281Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.936Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T18:55:26.515Z",
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malicious or compromised 9p server over RoCE/iWARP can trigger err_out and concurrent teardown without local access.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by sending malformed 9p RDMA replies to drive recv_done() into err_out while forcing disconnects and concurrent rdma_request() error paths; no uncontrollable memory layout or rare victim state is required.\\nPR:N - A remote malicious 9p RDMA server needs no credentials on the victim kernel; HPC clusters and virtio-9p backends with persistent trans=rdma mounts let the server alone time malformed replies against in-flight client requests.\\nUI:N - No per-attack victim action is needed on existing 9p RDMA mounts\\u2014automated workloads, parallel I/O, and server-initiated RDMA disconnects concurrently reach recv_done() and rdma_request() during normal filesystem operation.\\nS:U - Impact is kernel heap corruption and local privilege escalation within the victim kernel security domain; UAF on p9_req_t during RDMA teardown does not cross VM, container, or IOMMU isolation boundaries.\\nC:H - Lost FLUSHING state transitions corrupt the connection teardown state machine and cause use-after-free on RDMA request (p9_req_t) objects; UAF provides attacker-influenced freed-heap contents usable for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\\nI:H - Corrupted rdma-\u003estate frees in-flight p9_req_t structures while send_done() and p9_client_cb() still hold references, enabling heap grooming and arbitrary kernel write or control-flow hijack primitives.\\nA:H - Use-after-free during RDMA request teardown causes kernel oops or panic when dangling p9_req_t objects are accessed, and state-machine corruption alone can hang or crash the 9p RDMA transport.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\", \"lessThan\": 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\"version\": \"4.14.132\", \"lessThan\": \"4.15\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.19.57\", \"lessThan\": \"4.20\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/9p/trans_rdma.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.20\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.20\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.261\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.212\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.178\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.145\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.97\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.18.40\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.18.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"7.1.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"7.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"7.2\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/9p/trans_rdma.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cee2b8766045059d5e0b8114837b4a8efe827ac\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/151f8cf5b23d8a534d884432a82a6d54d5a61989\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13bf9879b778b2f4b260b45bed18f31806120d1e\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebbcbe5c0db215feecc17def06178da443f4eea6\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d54894a1ee265a72d70f7cae1da6cc774cccc71\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c\\n\\nThe rdma-\u003estate field is modified without holding req_lock in both\\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses\\nthe same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking\\ncreates a race condition:\\n\\n- recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets\\n  rdma-\u003estate = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock\\n\\n- p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma-\u003estate at multiple points\\n  (ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without\\n  req_lock\\n\\n- rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(\u0026rdma-\u003ereq_lock, flags) to\\n  protect the read-modify-write of rdma-\u003estate\\n\\nThe race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM\\nevent handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request()\\nis concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to\\nthe FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This\\ncorrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on\\nRDMA request objects during teardown.\\n\\nFix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma-\u003estate modifications in\\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already\\nused in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore\\nin the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs\\nin softirq context.\\n\\nTested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating\\nrdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma-\u003estate with proper\\nlocking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost\\ntransitions.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.261\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.212\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.178\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.145\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.97\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.18.40\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"7.1.5\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"7.2\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.20\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.4.185\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.9.185\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.14.132\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.19.57\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-17T05:44:52.224Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-72491\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-10-16T18:55:26.515Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-08-09T03:40:39.936Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-08-15T05:57:26.281Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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