CVE-2026-72463 (GCVE-0-2026-72463)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-08-15 05:57
Modified
2026-08-17 05:44
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption
xfrm async resumption hold skb->dev refcnt until after transport_finish.
However, xfrm_rcv_cb may modify skb->dev to tunnel dev without taking
device reference, such as vti_rcv_cb. The subsequent async resumption
will decrement the tunnel device's reference count, which lead to uaf
of tunnel dev and refcnt leak of orig dev as below:
unregister_netdevice: waiting for vti1 to become free. Usage count = -2
Stash the original skb->dev to fix refcnt imbalance. The new skb->dev set
by xfrm_rcv_cb can race with device teardown. Extend rcu protection over
xfrm_rcv_cb and transport_finish to prevent races.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Version: 1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb Version: 1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb Version: 4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e Version: 0f451b43c88bf2b9c038b414be580efee42e031b Version: 5002beda5cac69d522dc54da0d5d463ed9c963d2 Version: 6.12.94 ≤ Version: 6.18.23 ≤ Version: 6.19.13 ≤ |
||
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/xfrm4_input.c",
"net/ipv6/xfrm6_input.c",
"net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0f451b43c88bf2b9c038b414be580efee42e031b",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5002beda5cac69d522dc54da0d5d463ed9c963d2",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.12.94",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.19",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.18.23",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.20",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.19.13",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/xfrm4_input.c",
"net/ipv6/xfrm6_input.c",
"net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0"
},
{
"lessThan": "7.0",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1.5",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5",
"versionStartIncluding": "7.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "7.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.12.94",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.18.23",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.19.13",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption\n\nxfrm async resumption hold skb-\u003edev refcnt until after transport_finish.\nHowever, xfrm_rcv_cb may modify skb-\u003edev to tunnel dev without taking\ndevice reference, such as vti_rcv_cb. The subsequent async resumption\nwill decrement the tunnel device\u0027s reference count, which lead to uaf\nof tunnel dev and refcnt leak of orig dev as below:\n\nunregister_netdevice: waiting for vti1 to become free. Usage count = -2\n\nStash the original skb-\u003edev to fix refcnt imbalance. The new skb-\u003edev set\nby xfrm_rcv_cb can race with device teardown. Extend rcu protection over\nxfrm_rcv_cb and transport_finish to prevent races."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:N - Reachable from the network receive path: remote ESP/AH (or UDP-encapsulated IPsec) packets hit ip_rcv \u2192 xfrm4/xfrm6 protocol handlers \u2192 vti/xfrmi input \u2192 xfrm_input() \u2192 async crypto resume, on Internet-facing IPsec/VTI/xfrmi VPN gateways and cloud endpoints.\nAC:L - Once async decryption resumes (encap_type=-1), vti_rcv_cb/xfrmi_rcv_cb retarget skb-\u003edev and the stale dev_put is deterministic; the attacker controls packet rate/volume to drive -EINPROGRESS and can race netdev teardown, so no uncontrollable victim-only conditions apply.\nPR:N - No local account, shell, or capability on the victim is required\u2014only network-delivered IPsec traffic accepted by a pre-configured VTI/xfrmi gateway (e.g., VPN peer, site-to-site endpoint); administrative IPsec setup is deployment state, not attacker privilege on the host.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully automated by sending IPsec packets; no victim interaction such as mounting filesystems, opening files, or clicking links is needed.\nS:U - Impact is kernel net_device refcount corruption/UAF within the host kernel security authority; it does not cross VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundaries (standard kernel privilege escalation, not escape).\nC:H - Use-after-free of a net_device after refcount underflow (e.g., usage count=-2) exposes freed netdev/slab memory; per kernel UAF guidance this provides a high-impact arbitrary-read primitive via heap grooming.\nI:H - Corrupting freed net_device structures and reference counts is classic heap UAF that can be shaped into arbitrary kernel writes and control-flow hijack for code execution, per kernel memory-corruption guidance.\nA:H - Refcount imbalance causes unregister_netdevice to hang (usage count=-2), kernel oops/panic during tunnel teardown, and reliable denial of service on IPsec gateways even before full exploitation."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:29.613Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff"
}
],
"title": "xfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-72463",
"datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:57:07.413Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.933Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:29.613Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
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