{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_gen.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "c107233d2ff4fd7cef5d02f9124b99194957a710",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18f84d41d34fa35d0d64bbaea01fe664553ecc06",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6329d3a9afe715fddda0460cfa46b496d61c2fe0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18f84d41d34fa35d0d64bbaea01fe664553ecc06",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7445fe965b7d8756070a40e80f8b73348ccda1d7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18f84d41d34fa35d0d64bbaea01fe664553ecc06",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "c4d257734e91bfcdc71d41843392dd6400b5bb1b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18f84d41d34fa35d0d64bbaea01fe664553ecc06",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3219d74e4536658c937fd878a327257b86ce80dd",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18f84d41d34fa35d0d64bbaea01fe664553ecc06",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e4b4984e28c16406ecb318444dea4a8bf47def3e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18f84d41d34fa35d0d64bbaea01fe664553ecc06",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_gen.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.2"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.2",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.178",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.145",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.97",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.40",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.178",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.145",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.97",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.40",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: Don\u0027t use test_bit() in lockless RCU readers in hash types\n\nSashiko pointed out that there are a few lockless RCU readers\nusing test_bit() which is a relaxed atomic operation and\nprovides no memory barrier guarantees. Use test_bit_acquire()\ninstead where the operation may run parallel with add/del/gc,\ni.e. is not one from the next cases\n\n- protected by region lock\n- in a set destroy phase\n- in a new/temporary set creation phase"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable mtype_test() runs on every packet matched by iptables/nftables xt_set rules in PREROUTING/INPUT/FORWARD, so a remote attacker reaches the bug by sending network traffic to internet-facing servers using ipset-based firewall blocklists.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by flooding packets that trigger lockless RCU readers while concurrently driving hash add/del via SET target rules or timeout GC on the same ipset, making the memory-ordering race reliably winnable.\nPR:N - No credentials or local access are required on the target; exploitation needs only unauthenticated network packets to a host running ipset netfilter rules, a standard deployment on firewalls, mail servers, and CDN edge nodes.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is needed; the attack is fully automated by sending network traffic and does not require mounting filesystems, opening files, or any other user action.\nS:U - The vulnerability corrupts or leaks kernel heap data within the same host security boundary; it does not cross VM, container, or IOMMU isolation boundaries.\nC:H - Without acquire semantics, test_bit() can observe a slot as used before element writes are visible or after deletion, causing reads of uninitialized, stale, or freed hbucket element and extension memory\u2014a UAF-class kernel information disclosure.\nI:H - Stale or torn reads of hash bucket elements during concurrent add/del/gc constitute kernel heap memory safety violations that can corrupt netfilter matching decisions and be further leveraged for control-flow or data manipulation attacks.\nA:H - Reading partially initialized or post-destroy hash element memory during softirq packet processing on loaded firewall datapaths can trigger kernel oopses, panics, or hangs, causing complete loss of availability."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:12.018Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c107233d2ff4fd7cef5d02f9124b99194957a710"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6329d3a9afe715fddda0460cfa46b496d61c2fe0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7445fe965b7d8756070a40e80f8b73348ccda1d7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4d257734e91bfcdc71d41843392dd6400b5bb1b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3219d74e4536658c937fd878a327257b86ce80dd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4b4984e28c16406ecb318444dea4a8bf47def3e"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: ipset: Don\u0027t use test_bit() in lockless RCU readers in hash types",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-72436",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:56:50.051Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.929Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:12.018Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}