CVE-2026-65634 (GCVE-0-2026-65634)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-09-22 08:49
Modified
2026-09-24 20:06
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Summary
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.
The BER OID decoder asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl and the equivalent PER helper asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using (Av bsl 7) + H per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.
The vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including OTP-PUB-KEY which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via public_key:pkix_decode_cert/2. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl, lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl and lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl and program routines asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3, asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3 and asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 27.3.4.18, OTP 28.5.0.7, and OTP 29.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP 17.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown.
References
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Impacted products
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eInefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe BER OID decoder \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\u003c/code\u003e and the equivalent PER helper \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\u003c/code\u003e accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using \u003ccode\u003e(Av bsl 7) + H\u003c/code\u003e per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\u003c/code\u003e exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including \u003ccode\u003eOTP-PUB-KEY\u003c/code\u003e which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via \u003ccode\u003epublic_key:pkix_decode_cert/2\u003c/code\u003e. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\u003c/code\u003e and program routines \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.18, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.7, and OTP\u0026nbsp;29.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"
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[\"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"vendor\": \"Erlang\", \"modules\": [\"asn1rtt_ber\", \"asn1rtt_per_common\", \"asn1rtt_jer\"], \"product\": \"OTP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"27.3.4.18\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"28.5.0.7\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"29.1.1\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"17.0\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"otp\"}], \"packageURL\": \"pkg:software-id/erlang.org/otp\", \"packageName\": \"otp\", \"programFiles\": [\"lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\", \"lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\", \"lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\"}, {\"name\": \"asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\"}, {\"name\": \"asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\"}]}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"repo\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp\", \"vendor\": \"Erlang\", \"modules\": [\"asn1rtt_ber\", \"asn1rtt_per_common\", \"asn1rtt_jer\"], \"product\": \"OTP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"5.3.4.3\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"5.4.3.1\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"5.5.2\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"3.0\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"otp\"}], \"packageURL\": \"pkg:otp/asn1\", \"packageName\": \"asn1\", \"programFiles\": [\"src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\", \"src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\", \"src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\"}, {\"name\": \"asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\"}, {\"name\": \"asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\"}]}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"repo\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp\", \"vendor\": \"Erlang\", \"modules\": [\"asn1rtt_ber\", \"asn1rtt_per_common\", \"asn1rtt_jer\"], \"product\": \"OTP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1\", \"lessThan\": \"0fe2c02fdc06fab1c63be9db1a7456993d20f838\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0fe2c02fdc06fab1c63be9db1a7456993d20f838\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"packageURL\": \"pkg:github/erlang/otp\", \"packageName\": \"erlang/otp\", \"programFiles\": [\"lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\", \"lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\", \"lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\"], \"collectionURL\": \"https://github.com\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\"}, {\"name\": \"asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\"}, {\"name\": \"asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\"}]}], \"datePublic\": \"2026-09-22T08:49:25.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-qghx-23m5-r55m\", \"name\": \"GitHub Advisory\", \"tags\": [\"related\", \"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65634.html\", \"name\": \"EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-65634\", \"tags\": [\"related\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65634\", \"name\": \"OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-65634\", \"tags\": [\"related\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions\", \"name\": \"Erlang/OTP version ordering\", \"tags\": [\"x_version-scheme\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fe2c02fdc06fab1c63be9db1a7456993d20f838\", \"name\": \"Fix commit 0fe2c02 in erlang/otp\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\\n\\nThe BER OID decoder asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl and the equivalent PER helper asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using (Av bsl 7) + H per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\\n\\nThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including OTP-PUB-KEY which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via public_key:pkix_decode_cert/2. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\\n\\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl, lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl and lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl and program routines asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3, asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3 and asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1.\\n\\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\\u00a017.0 before OTP\\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\\u00a017.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eInefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe BER OID decoder \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\u003c/code\u003e and the equivalent PER helper \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\u003c/code\u003e accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using \u003ccode\u003e(Av bsl 7) + H\u003c/code\u003e per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\u003c/code\u003e exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including \u003ccode\u003eOTP-PUB-KEY\u003c/code\u003e which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via \u003ccode\u003epublic_key:pkix_decode_cert/2\u003c/code\u003e. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\u003c/code\u003e and program routines \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.18, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.7, and OTP\u0026nbsp;29.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}, {\"type\": \"text/markdown\", \"value\": \"Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\\n\\nThe BER OID decoder `asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3` in `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl` and the equivalent PER helper `asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3` in `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl` accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using `(Av bsl 7) + H` per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper `asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1` in `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl` exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\\n\\nThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including `OTP-PUB-KEY` which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via `public_key:pkix_decode_cert/2`. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\\n\\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl`, `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl` and `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl` and program routines `asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3`, `asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3` and `asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1`.\\n\\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\\u00a017.0 before OTP\\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\\u00a017.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-407\", \"description\": \"CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity\"}]}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"27.3.4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"28.5.0.7\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"28.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"29.1.1\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"29.0\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}], \"operator\": \"AND\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"shortName\": \"EEF\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-24T20:06:38.007Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-65634\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-24T20:06:38.007Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-07-22T13:58:26.233Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-09-22T08:49:24.743Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"EEF\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
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