CVE-2026-54912 (GCVE-0-2026-54912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 17:29 – Updated: 2026-11-05 18:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WAMR fast interpreter loader heap buffer overflow via constant deduplication mismatch
Summary
WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, the two-pass fast interpreter loader in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c can make inconsistent constant-table decisions between the sizing pass and the emitting pass. After duplicate constants inflate the first pass beyond the constant-slot limit, wasm_loader_get_const_offset emits later constants inline, but the between-pass sort and deduplication reduces the table so the second pass can choose table references and cause reserve_block_ret to emit additional copy operands that were not included in code_compiled_peak_size. A crafted module can therefore make the second pass write partially attacker-controlled compiled-code data beyond the heap buffer allocated from the first pass's size calculation during wasm_runtime_load, before guest code executes. This can corrupt host heap metadata and deterministically crash the process, causing denial of service; further consequences depend on the host application's heap layout. Builds using WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=1 are affected; disabling the fast interpreter avoids the vulnerable loader. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 18:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://gist.github.com/shumbo/b710c35b005ed87144… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasm-micro-runtime |
Affected:
< 2.4.5
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-54912",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-05T18:42:22.842506Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T18:44:51.857Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "wasm-micro-runtime",
"vendor": "bytecodealliance",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2.4.5"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, the two-pass fast interpreter loader in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c can make inconsistent constant-table decisions between the sizing pass and the emitting pass. After duplicate constants inflate the first pass beyond the constant-slot limit, wasm_loader_get_const_offset emits later constants inline, but the between-pass sort and deduplication reduces the table so the second pass can choose table references and cause reserve_block_ret to emit additional copy operands that were not included in code_compiled_peak_size. A crafted module can therefore make the second pass write partially attacker-controlled compiled-code data beyond the heap buffer allocated from the first pass\u0027s size calculation during wasm_runtime_load, before guest code executes. This can corrupt host heap metadata and deterministically crash the process, causing denial of service; further consequences depend on the host application\u0027s heap layout. Builds using WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=1 are affected; disabling the fast interpreter avoids the vulnerable loader. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T17:29:18.708Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/commit/b1353b5e8983047ff68829c99abf1355d5f389cf",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/commit/b1353b5e8983047ff68829c99abf1355d5f389cf"
},
{
"name": "https://gist.github.com/shumbo/b710c35b005ed871447fce385d1ab760",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://gist.github.com/shumbo/b710c35b005ed871447fce385d1ab760"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/releases/tag/WAMR-2.4.5",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/releases/tag/WAMR-2.4.5"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "WAMR fast interpreter loader heap buffer overflow via constant deduplication mismatch"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-54912",
"datePublished": "2026-11-05T17:29:18.708Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-16T13:49:33.556Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T18:44:51.857Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-54912",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-05T18:42:22.842506Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T18:44:11.355Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "wasm-micro-runtime",
"vendor": "bytecodealliance",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2.4.5"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, the two-pass fast interpreter loader in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c can make inconsistent constant-table decisions between the sizing pass and the emitting pass. After duplicate constants inflate the first pass beyond the constant-slot limit, wasm_loader_get_const_offset emits later constants inline, but the between-pass sort and deduplication reduces the table so the second pass can choose table references and cause reserve_block_ret to emit additional copy operands that were not included in code_compiled_peak_size. A crafted module can therefore make the second pass write partially attacker-controlled compiled-code data beyond the heap buffer allocated from the first pass\u0027s size calculation during wasm_runtime_load, before guest code executes. This can corrupt host heap metadata and deterministically crash the process, causing denial of service; further consequences depend on the host application\u0027s heap layout. Builds using WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=1 are affected; disabling the fast interpreter avoids the vulnerable loader. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T17:29:18.708Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/commit/b1353b5e8983047ff68829c99abf1355d5f389cf",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/commit/b1353b5e8983047ff68829c99abf1355d5f389cf"
},
{
"name": "https://gist.github.com/shumbo/b710c35b005ed871447fce385d1ab760",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://gist.github.com/shumbo/b710c35b005ed871447fce385d1ab760"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/releases/tag/WAMR-2.4.5",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wasm-micro-runtime/wasm-micro-runtime/releases/tag/WAMR-2.4.5"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-jjv3-x3jf-cg49",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "WAMR fast interpreter loader heap buffer overflow via constant deduplication mismatch"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-54912",
"datePublished": "2026-11-05T17:29:18.708Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-16T13:49:33.556Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T18:44:51.857Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.