CVE-2026-46275 (GCVE-0-2026-46275)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-06-08 14:30
Modified
2026-10-19 19:36
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_uart: fix UAFs and race conditions in close and init paths Vulnerabilities leading to Use-After-Free (UAF) and Null Pointer Dereference (NPD) conditions were observed in the lifecycle management of hci_uart. The primary issue arises because the workqueues (init_ready and write_work) are only flushed/cancelled if the HCI_UART_PROTO_READY flag is set during TTY close. If a hangup occurs before setup completes, hci_uart_tty_close() skips the teardown of these workqueues and proceeds to free the `hu` struct. When the scheduled work executes later, it blindly dereferences the freed `hu` struct. Furthermore, several data races and UAFs were identified in the teardown sequence: 1. Calling hci_uart_flush() from hci_uart_close() without effectively disabling write_work causes a race condition where both can concurrently double-free hu->tx_skb. This happens because protocol timers can concurrently invoke hci_uart_tx_wakeup() and requeue write_work. 2. Calling hci_free_dev(hdev) before hu->proto->close(hu) causes a UAF when vendor specific protocol close callbacks dereference hu->hdev. 3. In the initialization error paths, failing to take the proto_lock write lock before clearing PROTO_READY leads to races with active readers. Additionally, hci_uart_tty_receive() accesses hu->hdev outside the read lock, leading to UAFs if the initialization error path frees hdev concurrently. Fix these synchronization and lifecycle issues by: 1. Re-ordering hci_uart_tty_close() to clear HCI_UART_PROTO_READY first, followed immediately by a cancel_work_sync(&hu->write_work). Clearing the flag locks out concurrent protocol timers from successfully invoking hci_uart_tx_wakeup(), effectively rendering the cancellation permanent and preventing the tx_skb double-free. 2. Note: Clearing PROTO_READY early causes hci_uart_close() to skip hu->proto->flush(). This is perfectly safe in the tty_close path because hu->proto->close() executes shortly after, which intrinsically purges all protocol SKB queues and tears down the state. 3. Relocating hu->proto->close(hu) strictly prior to hci_free_dev(hdev) across all close and error paths to prevent vendor-level UAFs. 4. Moving the hdev->stat.byte_rx increment in hci_uart_tty_receive() inside the proto_lock read-side critical section to safely synchronize with device unregistration. 5. Adding cancel_work_sync(&hu->write_work) to hci_uart_close() to safely flush the workqueue before hci_uart_flush() is invoked via the HCI core. 6. Utilizing cancel_work_sync() instead of disable_work_sync() across all paths to prevent permanently breaking user-space retry capabilities.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: 3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f
Version: cd27019bc149f20f12ebec943c2b4c775745a5a0
Version: aea63181b6fcb6b9ccde1ada9ea51be19c4015af
Version: 0d234d1135dcd8876de0576dac68efd0a87eef87
Version: 3fe978892ab46efc2f3830d9abc015eff72caaf9
Version: 0d987e14bebaf0f67ee7dbefaf6165c62cd1d27f
Version: 4.14.203   ≤
Version: 4.19.153   ≤
Version: 5.4.73   ≤
Version: 5.8.17   ≤
Version: 5.9.2   ≤
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: hci_uart: fix UAFs and race conditions in close and init paths\n\nVulnerabilities leading to Use-After-Free (UAF) and Null Pointer\nDereference (NPD) conditions were observed in the lifecycle management\nof hci_uart.\n\nThe primary issue arises because the workqueues (init_ready and\nwrite_work) are only flushed/cancelled if the HCI_UART_PROTO_READY\nflag is set during TTY close. If a hangup occurs before setup completes,\nhci_uart_tty_close() skips the teardown of these workqueues and\nproceeds to free the `hu` struct. When the scheduled work executes\nlater, it blindly dereferences the freed `hu` struct.\n\nFurthermore, several data races and UAFs were identified in the teardown\nsequence:\n1. Calling hci_uart_flush() from hci_uart_close() without effectively\n   disabling write_work causes a race condition where both can concurrently\n   double-free hu-\u003etx_skb. This happens because protocol timers can\n   concurrently invoke hci_uart_tx_wakeup() and requeue write_work.\n2. Calling hci_free_dev(hdev) before hu-\u003eproto-\u003eclose(hu) causes a UAF\n   when vendor specific protocol close callbacks dereference hu-\u003ehdev.\n3. In the initialization error paths, failing to take the proto_lock\n   write lock before clearing PROTO_READY leads to races with active\n   readers. Additionally, hci_uart_tty_receive() accesses hu-\u003ehdev\n   outside the read lock, leading to UAFs if the initialization error\n   path frees hdev concurrently.\n\nFix these synchronization and lifecycle issues by:\n1. Re-ordering hci_uart_tty_close() to clear HCI_UART_PROTO_READY first,\n   followed immediately by a cancel_work_sync(\u0026hu-\u003ewrite_work). Clearing\n   the flag locks out concurrent protocol timers from successfully invoking\n   hci_uart_tx_wakeup(), effectively rendering the cancellation permanent\n   and preventing the tx_skb double-free.\n2. Note: Clearing PROTO_READY early causes hci_uart_close() to skip\n   hu-\u003eproto-\u003eflush(). This is perfectly safe in the tty_close path\n   because hu-\u003eproto-\u003eclose() executes shortly after, which intrinsically\n   purges all protocol SKB queues and tears down the state.\n3. Relocating hu-\u003eproto-\u003eclose(hu) strictly prior to hci_free_dev(hdev)\n   across all close and error paths to prevent vendor-level UAFs.\n4. Moving the hdev-\u003estat.byte_rx increment in hci_uart_tty_receive()\n   inside the proto_lock read-side critical section to safely synchronize\n   with device unregistration.\n5. Adding cancel_work_sync(\u0026hu-\u003ewrite_work) to hci_uart_close() to safely\n   flush the workqueue before hci_uart_flush() is invoked via the HCI core.\n6. Utilizing cancel_work_sync() instead of disable_work_sync() across\n   all paths to prevent permanently breaking user-space retry capabilities."
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local TTY control (TIOCSETD to N_HCI, HCIUARTSETPROTO ioctl, hangup/close) gated by CAP_NET_ADMIN at hci_uart_tty_open(); the bugs are in driver lifecycle teardown, not in processing of remote Bluetooth over-the-air packets.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of every race by concurrently opening/closing the TTY line discipline, issuing HCIUART ioctls, and timing hangup against in-flight workqueues and protocol timers; UAF conditions are reliably winnable without luck-dependent memory layout.\nPR:L - hci_uart_tty_open() explicitly requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, and adapter teardown paths are similarly admin-gated; CAP_NET_ADMIN is obtainable by an unprivileged user inside a user namespace, satisfying the Low privileges threshold rather than High.\nUI:N - Once the attacker has the required local TTY/HCI access, triggering the UAF or double-free races requires no action from a separate victim user.\nS:U - The vulnerability corrupts kernel heap memory within the kernel\u0027s own security boundary; successful exploitation yields kernel privilege escalation, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM or sandbox breakout.\nC:H - Multiple use-after-free conditions on the hci_uart and hci_dev structures allow dereferencing attacker-influenced freed memory, providing a standard kernel info-leak primitive consistent with UAF severity guidance.\nI:H - The UAF and hu-\u003etx_skb double-free races enable control of freed slab objects and heap grooming, providing a path to arbitrary kernel memory corruption and potential code execution in kernel context.\nA:H - Use-after-free and double-free in kernel workqueue and teardown paths reliably cause kernel oops or panic, and can be triggered repeatedly to deny availability of the affected system."
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    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.109Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T19:36:56.765Z",
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issuing HCIUART ioctls, and timing hangup against in-flight workqueues and protocol timers; UAF conditions are reliably winnable without luck-dependent memory layout.\\nPR:L - hci_uart_tty_open() explicitly requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, and adapter teardown paths are similarly admin-gated; CAP_NET_ADMIN is obtainable by an unprivileged user inside a user namespace, satisfying the Low privileges threshold rather than High.\\nUI:N - Once the attacker has the required local TTY/HCI access, triggering the UAF or double-free races requires no action from a separate victim user.\\nS:U - The vulnerability corrupts kernel heap memory within the kernel\u0027s own security boundary; successful exploitation yields kernel privilege escalation, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM or sandbox breakout.\\nC:H - Multiple use-after-free conditions on the hci_uart and hci_dev structures allow dereferencing attacker-influenced freed memory, providing a standard kernel info-leak primitive consistent with UAF severity guidance.\\nI:H - The UAF and hu-\u003etx_skb double-free races enable control of freed slab objects and heap grooming, providing a path to arbitrary kernel memory corruption and potential code execution in kernel context.\\nA:H - Use-after-free and double-free in kernel workqueue and teardown paths reliably cause kernel oops or panic, and can be triggered repeatedly to deny availability of the affected system.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"78aad93e938f013d9272fe0ee168f27883afa95c\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"e2d19969c8d9198ecc3090bcd5312ecd503a3339\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"c85cff648a2bc92322912db5f1727ad05afae7b6\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"9d20d48be2c4a071fb015eb09bda2cecd25daf34\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"81c7a3c22a0f2808cf4ae0b4908f59763b23606d\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"192cb0f1ca706d9a1bc36ae0ad5f666d1e4fd894\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"7338031946bd06f6dff149e67b60c4cd083bfea8\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3b799254cf6f481460719023d7a18f46651e5e7f\", \"lessThan\": \"c1bb9336ae6b54a5f6a353c4bd4ed9a4307e429b\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"cd27019bc149f20f12ebec943c2b4c775745a5a0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"aea63181b6fcb6b9ccde1ada9ea51be19c4015af\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0d234d1135dcd8876de0576dac68efd0a87eef87\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3fe978892ab46efc2f3830d9abc015eff72caaf9\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0d987e14bebaf0f67ee7dbefaf6165c62cd1d27f\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.14.203\", \"lessThan\": \"4.15\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.19.153\", \"lessThan\": \"4.20\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.4.73\", \"lessThan\": \"5.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.8.17\", \"lessThan\": \"5.9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.9.2\", \"lessThan\": \"5.10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.10\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.258\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.209\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.175\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.142\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.92\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.18.34\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.18.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"7.0.11\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"7.0.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"7.1\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78aad93e938f013d9272fe0ee168f27883afa95c\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2d19969c8d9198ecc3090bcd5312ecd503a3339\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c85cff648a2bc92322912db5f1727ad05afae7b6\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d20d48be2c4a071fb015eb09bda2cecd25daf34\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81c7a3c22a0f2808cf4ae0b4908f59763b23606d\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/192cb0f1ca706d9a1bc36ae0ad5f666d1e4fd894\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7338031946bd06f6dff149e67b60c4cd083bfea8\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c1bb9336ae6b54a5f6a353c4bd4ed9a4307e429b\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nBluetooth: hci_uart: fix UAFs and race conditions in close and init paths\\n\\nVulnerabilities leading to Use-After-Free (UAF) and Null Pointer\\nDereference (NPD) conditions were observed in the lifecycle management\\nof hci_uart.\\n\\nThe primary issue arises because the workqueues (init_ready and\\nwrite_work) are only flushed/cancelled if the HCI_UART_PROTO_READY\\nflag is set during TTY close. If a hangup occurs before setup completes,\\nhci_uart_tty_close() skips the teardown of these workqueues and\\nproceeds to free the `hu` struct. When the scheduled work executes\\nlater, it blindly dereferences the freed `hu` struct.\\n\\nFurthermore, several data races and UAFs were identified in the teardown\\nsequence:\\n1. Calling hci_uart_flush() from hci_uart_close() without effectively\\n   disabling write_work causes a race condition where both can concurrently\\n   double-free hu-\u003etx_skb. This happens because protocol timers can\\n   concurrently invoke hci_uart_tx_wakeup() and requeue write_work.\\n2. Calling hci_free_dev(hdev) before hu-\u003eproto-\u003eclose(hu) causes a UAF\\n   when vendor specific protocol close callbacks dereference hu-\u003ehdev.\\n3. In the initialization error paths, failing to take the proto_lock\\n   write lock before clearing PROTO_READY leads to races with active\\n   readers. Additionally, hci_uart_tty_receive() accesses hu-\u003ehdev\\n   outside the read lock, leading to UAFs if the initialization error\\n   path frees hdev concurrently.\\n\\nFix these synchronization and lifecycle issues by:\\n1. Re-ordering hci_uart_tty_close() to clear HCI_UART_PROTO_READY first,\\n   followed immediately by a cancel_work_sync(\u0026hu-\u003ewrite_work). Clearing\\n   the flag locks out concurrent protocol timers from successfully invoking\\n   hci_uart_tx_wakeup(), effectively rendering the cancellation permanent\\n   and preventing the tx_skb double-free.\\n2. Note: Clearing PROTO_READY early causes hci_uart_close() to skip\\n   hu-\u003eproto-\u003eflush(). This is perfectly safe in the tty_close path\\n   because hu-\u003eproto-\u003eclose() executes shortly after, which intrinsically\\n   purges all protocol SKB queues and tears down the state.\\n3. Relocating hu-\u003eproto-\u003eclose(hu) strictly prior to hci_free_dev(hdev)\\n   across all close and error paths to prevent vendor-level UAFs.\\n4. Moving the hdev-\u003estat.byte_rx increment in hci_uart_tty_receive()\\n   inside the proto_lock read-side critical section to safely synchronize\\n   with device unregistration.\\n5. Adding cancel_work_sync(\u0026hu-\u003ewrite_work) to hci_uart_close() to safely\\n   flush the workqueue before hci_uart_flush() is invoked via the HCI core.\\n6. Utilizing cancel_work_sync() instead of disable_work_sync() across\\n   all paths to prevent permanently breaking user-space retry capabilities.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.258\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.209\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.175\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.142\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.92\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.18.34\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"7.0.11\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"7.1\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.14.203\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.19.153\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4.73\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.8.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.9.2\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T12:30:58.918Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-46275\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-10-19T19:36:56.765Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-05-13T15:03:33.109Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-06-08T14:30:54.232Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.


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