CVE-2026-44390 (GCVE-0-2026-44390)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 09:21 – Updated: 2026-09-01 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded name compression in certain cases causes degradation of service
Summary
NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability when handling replies with very large RRsets that Unbound needs to perform name compression for. Malicious upstream responses with very large RRsets with records that don't share a suffix above the root can cause Unbound to spend a considerable time applying name compression to downstream replies. This can lead to degraded performance and eventually denial of service in well orchestrated attacks. An adversary can exploit the vulnerability by querying Unbound for the specially crafted contents of a malicious zone with very large RRsets. Before Unbound replies to the query it will try to apply name compression which was an unbounded operation that could lock the CPU until the whole packet was complete. A compression limit was introduced in 1.21.1 for this but it didn't account for the case where records would not share any suffix above the root. That causes Unbound to go in a different code path because of the compression tree lookup failure and eventually not increment the compression counter for those operations. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix that increments the compression counter regardless of the compression tree lookup. This is a complement fix to CVE-2024-8508.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-20 12:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
NLnet Labs
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-20… | vendor-advisory |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44390 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2480130 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36320 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37282 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36777 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24013 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLnet Labs | Unbound |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.1
(semver)
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.16.2-5.12.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
1.25.1-2.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
|
Date Public
2026-05-20 00:00
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"value": "NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability when handling replies with very large RRsets that Unbound needs to perform name compression for. Malicious upstream responses with very large RRsets with records that don\u0027t share a suffix above the root can cause Unbound to spend a considerable time applying name compression to downstream replies. This can lead to degraded performance and eventually denial of service in well orchestrated attacks. An adversary can exploit the vulnerability by querying Unbound for the specially crafted contents of a malicious zone with very large RRsets. Before Unbound replies to the query it will try to apply name compression which was an unbounded operation that could lock the CPU until the whole packet was complete. A compression limit was introduced in 1.21.1 for this but it didn\u0027t account for the case where records would not share any suffix above the root. That causes Unbound to go in a different code path because of the compression tree lookup failure and eventually not increment the compression counter for those operations. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix that increments the compression counter regardless of the compression tree lookup. This is a complement fix to CVE-2024-8508."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-20T09:21:24.590Z",
"orgId": "206fc3a0-e175-490b-9eaa-a5738056c9f6",
"shortName": "NLnet Labs"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2026-44390.txt"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "This issue is fixed starting with version 1.25.1"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Issue reported by Qifan Zhang"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "NLnet Labs shares patch"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Qifan Zhang verifies patch"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-05-20T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Fixes released with version 1.25.1"
}
],
"title": "Unbounded name compression in certain cases causes degradation of service",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "206fc3a0-e175-490b-9eaa-a5738056c9f6",
"assignerShortName": "NLnet Labs",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-44390",
"datePublished": "2026-05-20T09:21:24.590Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-07T10:07:51.828Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-01T12:04:42.716Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.