CVE-2026-23401 (GCVE-0-2026-23401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-04-01 08:36
Modified
2026-07-15 01:18
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE When installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the existing SPTE (if it's shadow-present). While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was right about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an MMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest memory that are outside the scope of KVM. E.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot to emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will install the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE. ------------[ cut here ]------------ is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep) WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292 Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm] Call Trace: <TASK> mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm] ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm] kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm] kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm] vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
Version: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f
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            "value": "RHSA-2026:36531: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:36532: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:36533: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:36534: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:13578: Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:14137: Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:19875: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-01T00:00:00.000Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-01T00:00:00.000Z",
            "value": "Made public."
          }
        ],
        "title": "kernel: Linux kernel KVM: Privilege escalation or denial of service due to improper shadow page table entry handling",
        "x_adpType": "supplier",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "20656cd1f243d3a154aac5dd1b823110b6906fe1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.13"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.13",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.203",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.168",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.131",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.80",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.21",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.19.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.203",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.168",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.131",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.80",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.21",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.11",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (if it\u0027s shadow-present).  While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\n\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:06:11.775Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20656cd1f243d3a154aac5dd1b823110b6906fe1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605"
        }
      ],
      "title": "KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-23401",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-01T08:36:32.367Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:46.012Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:18:42.620Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
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