CVE-2026-23352 (GCVE-0-2026-23352)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-03-25 10:27
Modified
2026-04-18 08:58
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory
efi_free_boot_services() frees memory occupied by EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE
and EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA using memblock_free_late().
There are two issue with that: memblock_free_late() should be used for
memory allocated with memblock_alloc() while the memory reserved with
memblock_reserve() should be freed with free_reserved_area().
More acutely, with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y
efi_free_boot_services() is called before deferred initialization of the
memory map is complete.
Benjamin Herrenschmidt reports that this causes a leak of ~140MB of
RAM on EC2 t3a.nano instances which only have 512MB or RAM.
If the freed memory resides in the areas that memory map for them is
still uninitialized, they won't be actually freed because
memblock_free_late() calls memblock_free_pages() and the latter skips
uninitialized pages.
Using free_reserved_area() at this point is also problematic because
__free_page() accesses the buddy of the freed page and that again might
end up in uninitialized part of the memory map.
Delaying the entire efi_free_boot_services() could be problematic
because in addition to freeing boot services memory it updates
efi.memmap without any synchronization and that's undesirable late in
boot when there is concurrency.
More robust approach is to only defer freeing of the EFI boot services
memory.
Split efi_free_boot_services() in two. First efi_unmap_boot_services()
collects ranges that should be freed into an array then
efi_free_boot_services() later frees them after deferred init is complete.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Version: 0aed459e8487eb6ebdb4efe8cefe1eafbc704b30 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 Version: 916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349 |
||
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h",
"arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c",
"arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c",
"drivers/firmware/efi/mokvar-table.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0aed459e8487eb6ebdb4efe8cefe1eafbc704b30",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6d8ba221e7aafaa2f284b7d22faee814c28e009d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h",
"arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c",
"arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c",
"drivers/firmware/efi/mokvar-table.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.0",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "2.6.39.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.253",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.203",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.167",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.130",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.77",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.17",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.19.7",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.0",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.6.39.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.39.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.253",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.0",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory\n\nefi_free_boot_services() frees memory occupied by EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE\nand EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA using memblock_free_late().\n\nThere are two issue with that: memblock_free_late() should be used for\nmemory allocated with memblock_alloc() while the memory reserved with\nmemblock_reserve() should be freed with free_reserved_area().\n\nMore acutely, with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y\nefi_free_boot_services() is called before deferred initialization of the\nmemory map is complete.\n\nBenjamin Herrenschmidt reports that this causes a leak of ~140MB of\nRAM on EC2 t3a.nano instances which only have 512MB or RAM.\n\nIf the freed memory resides in the areas that memory map for them is\nstill uninitialized, they won\u0027t be actually freed because\nmemblock_free_late() calls memblock_free_pages() and the latter skips\nuninitialized pages.\n\nUsing free_reserved_area() at this point is also problematic because\n__free_page() accesses the buddy of the freed page and that again might\nend up in uninitialized part of the memory map.\n\nDelaying the entire efi_free_boot_services() could be problematic\nbecause in addition to freeing boot services memory it updates\nefi.memmap without any synchronization and that\u0027s undesirable late in\nboot when there is concurrency.\n\nMore robust approach is to only defer freeing of the EFI boot services\nmemory.\n\nSplit efi_free_boot_services() in two. First efi_unmap_boot_services()\ncollects ranges that should be freed into an array then\nefi_free_boot_services() later frees them after deferred init is complete."
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-18T08:58:06.719Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a2cb90c538f06c873a187aa743575d48685d7a6"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7131bd1fecc749bc94fb44aae217bbd8a8a85264"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8ba221e7aafaa2f284b7d22faee814c28e009d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/227688312fece0026fc67a00ba9a0b3611ebe95d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a25e25279282c5c8ade554c04c6ab9dc7902c64"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/399da820ecfe6f4f10c143e5c453d3559a04db9c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9e9cc320854a76a39e7bc92d144554f3a727fad"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dcf59422a3b0d20ddda844f856b4a1e0608a326"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4b0bf6a40f3c107c67a24fbc614510ef5719980"
}
],
"title": "x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-23352",
"datePublished": "2026-03-25T10:27:37.500Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:46.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-18T08:58:06.719Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
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