CVE-2026-102277 (GCVE-0-2026-102277)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2026-09-28 20:54
Modified
2026-09-29 19:38
Severity ?
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Summary
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
juliangruber brace-expansion Version: >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12
Version: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9
Version: >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7
Version: < 1.1.21
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-102277",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-29T19:38:46.678388Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T19:38:56.637Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "brace-expansion",
          "vendor": "juliangruber",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 5.0.12"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.0.9"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.0.0, \u003c 2.1.7"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.1.21"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-102277",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-28T20:11:16.659Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T19:38:56.637Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"cna\": {\"title\": \"brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 5.3, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"juliangruber\", \"product\": \"brace-expansion\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 5.0.12\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.0.9\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003e= 2.0.0, \u003c 2.1.7\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003c 1.1.21\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-400\", \"description\": \"CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption\"}]}, {\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-407\", \"description\": \"CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z\"}}, \"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-102277\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-09-29T19:38:46.678388Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-29T19:38:52.275Z\"}}]}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-102277\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-09-28T20:11:16.659Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.