CVE-2025-68181 (GCVE-0-2025-68181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-12-16 13:42
Modified
2026-08-05 12:10
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev() Since the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to devm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()'ing to trigger it to be free'd should be done by devres. However, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove paths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are shown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver already did it. [ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22 [ 5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. [ 5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110 (cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123
Version: a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123
Version: a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.58",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()\n\nSince the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to\ndevm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()\u0027ing to trigger it to be free\u0027d\nshould be done by devres.\n\nHowever, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove\npaths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are\nshown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver\nalready did it.\n\n[    5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22\n[    5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[    5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n[    5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable object is the radeon `drm_device`/`radeon_device` reached through local device nodes (`/dev/dri/card*`, `/dev/dri/renderD*`) and local driver bind/unbind/module teardown; there is no network-facing path into radeon_drv.c.\nAC:L - The double `drm_dev_put()` is unconditional on both the probe-error and `.remove` paths \u2014 no race to win and no memory layout the attacker cannot influence, and the attacker chooses when to touch the stale fd, giving an unbounded free-to-use window for heap grooming.\nPR:L - radeon declares `DRIVER_RENDER`, so any unprivileged local user can open the world-accessible render node and hold the `drm_dev_get()` reference whose premature release frees the object under their still-open fd, after which their own `ioctl`/`mmap`/`close` drives the use-after-free.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the attacker\u0027s own open fd plus a routine driver teardown (unbind, module reload, hot-unplug, or shutdown in a VM) is sufficient, and the freed object is then touched by the attacker\u0027s own syscalls.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `radeon_device` container can be reclaimed by attacker-sprayed data and is then read back through `drm_ioctl()`/`dev-\u003edriver` and radeon\u0027s ioctl and postclose paths, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_dec_and_test()` writes into freed memory, and `radeon_driver_postclose_kms()` writes `rdev-\u003ehyperz_filp`/`cmask_filp` and manipulates mutexes and VM state in the freed object, giving a write primitive and function-pointer control suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a refcount underflow WARN and use-after-free on driver probe failure and on every device removal, causing kernel oops/panic and GPU subsystem failure."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b"
        }
      ],
      "title": "drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-68181",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:42:59.600Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.252Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


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