CVE-2025-39723 (GCVE-0-2025-39723)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-09-05 17:21
Modified
2026-08-05 12:04
Severity ?
7.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix unbuffered write error handling If all the subrequests in an unbuffered write stream fail, the subrequest collector doesn't update the stream->transferred value and it retains its initial LONG_MAX value. Unfortunately, if all active streams fail, then we take the smallest value of { LONG_MAX, LONG_MAX, ... } as the value to set in wreq->transferred - which is then returned from ->write_iter(). LONG_MAX was chosen as the initial value so that all the streams can be quickly assessed by taking the smallest value of all stream->transferred - but this only works if we've set any of them. Fix this by adding a flag to indicate whether the value in stream->transferred is valid and checking that when we integrate the values. stream->transferred can then be initialised to zero. This was found by running the generic/750 xfstest against cifs with cache=none. It splices data to the target file. Once (if) it has used up all the available scratch space, the writes start failing with ENOSPC. This causes ->write_iter() to fail. However, it was returning wreq->transferred, i.e. LONG_MAX, rather than an error (because it thought the amount transferred was non-zero) and iter_file_splice_write() would then try to clean up that amount of pipe bufferage - leading to an oops when it overran. The kernel log showed: CIFS: VFS: Send error in write = -28 followed by: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008 with: RIP: 0010:iter_file_splice_write+0x3a4/0x520 do_splice+0x197/0x4e0 or: RIP: 0010:pipe_buf_release (include/linux/pipe_fs_i.h:282) iter_file_splice_write (fs/splice.c:755) Also put a warning check into splice to announce if ->write_iter() returned that it had written more than it was asked to.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 288ace2f57c9d06dd2e42bd80d03747d879a4068
Version: 288ace2f57c9d06dd2e42bd80d03747d879a4068
Version: 288ace2f57c9d06dd2e42bd80d03747d879a4068
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/netfs/read_collect.c",
            "fs/netfs/write_collect.c",
            "fs/netfs/write_issue.c",
            "fs/splice.c",
            "include/linux/netfs.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "f08c80af3c9a9849cd178b4843b7c01d103506a1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "288ace2f57c9d06dd2e42bd80d03747d879a4068",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "387164a2b97e1f5404c6d0049a7409bac7d2bc5b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "288ace2f57c9d06dd2e42bd80d03747d879a4068",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "a3de58b12ce074ec05b8741fa28d62ccb1070468",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "288ace2f57c9d06dd2e42bd80d03747d879a4068",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/netfs/read_collect.c",
            "fs/netfs/write_collect.c",
            "fs/netfs/write_issue.c",
            "fs/splice.c",
            "include/linux/netfs.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.10"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.10",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.44",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.44",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfs: Fix unbuffered write error handling\n\nIf all the subrequests in an unbuffered write stream fail, the subrequest\ncollector doesn\u0027t update the stream-\u003etransferred value and it retains its\ninitial LONG_MAX value.  Unfortunately, if all active streams fail, then we\ntake the smallest value of { LONG_MAX, LONG_MAX, ... } as the value to set\nin wreq-\u003etransferred - which is then returned from -\u003ewrite_iter().\n\nLONG_MAX was chosen as the initial value so that all the streams can be\nquickly assessed by taking the smallest value of all stream-\u003etransferred -\nbut this only works if we\u0027ve set any of them.\n\nFix this by adding a flag to indicate whether the value in\nstream-\u003etransferred is valid and checking that when we integrate the\nvalues.  stream-\u003etransferred can then be initialised to zero.\n\nThis was found by running the generic/750 xfstest against cifs with\ncache=none.  It splices data to the target file.  Once (if) it has used up\nall the available scratch space, the writes start failing with ENOSPC.\nThis causes -\u003ewrite_iter() to fail.  However, it was returning\nwreq-\u003etransferred, i.e. LONG_MAX, rather than an error (because it thought\nthe amount transferred was non-zero) and iter_file_splice_write() would\nthen try to clean up that amount of pipe bufferage - leading to an oops\nwhen it overran.  The kernel log showed:\n\n    CIFS: VFS: Send error in write = -28\n\nfollowed by:\n\n    BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008\n\nwith:\n\n    RIP: 0010:iter_file_splice_write+0x3a4/0x520\n    do_splice+0x197/0x4e0\n\nor:\n\n    RIP: 0010:pipe_buf_release (include/linux/pipe_fs_i.h:282)\n    iter_file_splice_write (fs/splice.c:755)\n\nAlso put a warning check into splice to announce if -\u003ewrite_iter() returned\nthat it had written more than it was asked to."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The netfs write collector processes write results derived from a remote SMB/9p server\u0027s responses, and the arming condition (every write subrequest failing) is entirely under the remote server\u0027s control \u2014 a malicious, compromised, or MITM\u0027d file server simply returns STATUS_DISK_FULL/ACCESS_DENIED for the writes and the client kernel oopses. The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack via the cifs/9p transport.\nAC:L - The failure is deterministic: LONG_MAX always exceeds the total bytes held in the pipe, so the splice cleanup loop unconditionally runs past the valid buffers into a slot with NULL ops and faults. No race, no memory-layout dependency, no non-default config (cifs/9p with cache=none, or any O_DIRECT open).\nPR:N - A remote file server needs no credentials or privileges on the victim client to return write errors; in the equivalent local framing an ordinary unprivileged user with write access to the mount triggers it via splice()/cp with no capabilities at all.\nUI:R - The remote attacker cannot initiate the transfer itself \u2014 a client-side process must perform a splice-based write (splice/sendfile/copy_file_range, e.g. a routine `cp` onto the mounted share) for the bogus LONG_MAX return to reach iter_file_splice_write().\nS:U - The corruption and crash are confined to the kernel of the affected host; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The fault is a NULL function-pointer dereference and pipe-ring state corruption; it yields no read primitive and discloses no kernel or file data to the attacker.\nI:L - -\u003ewrite_iter() reports 0x7fffffffffffffff bytes written when nothing was written, so applications treat failed writes as successful (silent data loss), netfs_update_i_size() stamps a bogus/overflowed size onto the client inode, and the splice loop destroys unwritten pipe contents and leaves pipe-\u003etail past pipe-\u003ehead \u2014 limited, non-arbitrary data and metadata corruption.\nA:H - Reliable kernel NULL pointer dereference oops in iter_file_splice_write()/pipe_buf_release(), taken with the pipe mutex held, so the pipe is permanently locked and any other user of it hangs in D state; on panic_on_oops configurations it is a full system panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:04:52.373Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f08c80af3c9a9849cd178b4843b7c01d103506a1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/387164a2b97e1f5404c6d0049a7409bac7d2bc5b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3de58b12ce074ec05b8741fa28d62ccb1070468"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfs: Fix unbuffered write error handling",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39723",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-05T17:21:31.137Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.117Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:04:52.373Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


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