CVE-2025-21899 (GCVE-0-2025-21899)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-04-01 15:26
Modified
2026-10-15 21:51
Severity ?
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list The following commands causes a crash: ~# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/events/rcu/rcu_callback ~# echo 'hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid:onmax(bogus).save(common_pid)' > trigger bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument ~# echo 'hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid' > trigger Because the following occurs: event_trigger_write() { trigger_process_regex() { event_hist_trigger_parse() { data = event_trigger_alloc(..); event_trigger_register(.., data) { cmd_ops->reg(.., data, ..) [hist_register_trigger()] { data->ops->init() [event_hist_trigger_init()] { save_named_trigger(name, data) { list_add(&data->named_list, &named_triggers); } } } } ret = create_actions(); (return -EINVAL) if (ret) goto out_unreg; [..] ret = hist_trigger_enable(data, ...) { list_add_tail_rcu(&data->list, &file->triggers); <<<---- SKIPPED!!! (this is important!) [..] out_unreg: event_hist_unregister(.., data) { cmd_ops->unreg(.., data, ..) [hist_unregister_trigger()] { list_for_each_entry(iter, &file->triggers, list) { if (!hist_trigger_match(data, iter, named_data, false)) <- never matches continue; [..] test = iter; } if (test && test->ops->free) <<<-- test is NULL test->ops->free(test) [event_hist_trigger_free()] { [..] if (data->name) del_named_trigger(data) { list_del(&data->named_list); <<<<-- NEVER gets removed! } } } } [..] kfree(data); <<<-- frees item but it is still on list The next time a hist with name is registered, it causes an u-a-f bug and the kernel can crash. Move the code around such that if event_trigger_register() succeeds, the next thing called is hist_trigger_enable() which adds it to the list. A bunch of actions is called if get_named_trigger_data() returns false. But that doesn't need to be called after event_trigger_register(), so it can be moved up, allowing event_trigger_register() to be called just before hist_trigger_enable() keeping them together and allowing the file->triggers to be properly populated.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13
Version: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13
Version: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13
Version: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13
Version: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list\n\nThe following commands causes a crash:\n\n ~# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/events/rcu/rcu_callback\n ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid:onmax(bogus).save(common_pid)\u0027 \u003e trigger\n bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument\n ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid\u0027 \u003e trigger\n\nBecause the following occurs:\n\nevent_trigger_write() {\n  trigger_process_regex() {\n    event_hist_trigger_parse() {\n\n      data = event_trigger_alloc(..);\n\n      event_trigger_register(.., data) {\n        cmd_ops-\u003ereg(.., data, ..) [hist_register_trigger()] {\n          data-\u003eops-\u003einit() [event_hist_trigger_init()] {\n            save_named_trigger(name, data) {\n              list_add(\u0026data-\u003enamed_list, \u0026named_triggers);\n            }\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      ret = create_actions(); (return -EINVAL)\n      if (ret)\n        goto out_unreg;\n[..]\n      ret = hist_trigger_enable(data, ...) {\n        list_add_tail_rcu(\u0026data-\u003elist, \u0026file-\u003etriggers); \u003c\u003c\u003c---- SKIPPED!!! (this is important!)\n[..]\n out_unreg:\n      event_hist_unregister(.., data) {\n        cmd_ops-\u003eunreg(.., data, ..) [hist_unregister_trigger()] {\n          list_for_each_entry(iter, \u0026file-\u003etriggers, list) {\n            if (!hist_trigger_match(data, iter, named_data, false))   \u003c- never matches\n                continue;\n            [..]\n            test = iter;\n          }\n          if (test \u0026\u0026 test-\u003eops-\u003efree) \u003c\u003c\u003c-- test is NULL\n\n            test-\u003eops-\u003efree(test) [event_hist_trigger_free()] {\n              [..]\n              if (data-\u003ename)\n                del_named_trigger(data) {\n                  list_del(\u0026data-\u003enamed_list);  \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c-- NEVER gets removed!\n                }\n              }\n           }\n         }\n\n         [..]\n         kfree(data); \u003c\u003c\u003c-- frees item but it is still on list\n\nThe next time a hist with name is registered, it causes an u-a-f bug and\nthe kernel can crash.\n\nMove the code around such that if event_trigger_register() succeeds, the\nnext thing called is hist_trigger_enable() which adds it to the list.\n\nA bunch of actions is called if get_named_trigger_data() returns false.\nBut that doesn\u0027t need to be called after event_trigger_register(), so it\ncan be moved up, allowing event_trigger_register() to be called just\nbefore hist_trigger_enable() keeping them together and allowing the\nfile-\u003etriggers to be properly populated."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only by writing a hist trigger command to a tracefs file (`/sys/kernel/tracing/events/*/trigger`) via the write(2) syscall. There is no network or remote data path into `event_hist_trigger_parse()`.\nAC:L - Triggering is fully deterministic \u2014 one failing `hist:name=bad:...onmax(bogus)...` write leaves the freed object linked in the global `named_triggers` list, and a second `hist:name=bad` write dereferences it; no race and no uncontrollable preconditions. `CONFIG_HIST_TRIGGERS=y` is standard in mainstream distro and Android kernels, and slab reclaim of the freed `event_trigger_data` is attacker-influenced via ordinary heap spraying.\nPR:L - No capability check exists on the code path; access is gated purely by tracefs file permissions, and tracefs is routinely delegated to a non-root tracing/shell group (Android shell, ChromeOS debugd, perf/tracing groups) via the `gid=` mount option. A local unprivileged user with that ordinary tracing access can execute the full sequence.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both writes themselves; no victim action or cooperation is needed at any point.\nS:U - The use-after-free and list corruption occur in kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `find_named_trigger()` and `hist_trigger_match()` dereference the freed object\u0027s `name` and `private_data` pointers, so after reclaiming the slab object the attacker controls those pointers and obtains an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive, plus leakage of the `named_triggers` list-head address.\nI:H - The freed object remains on a global list, so subsequent `list_add`/`list_del` operations write through attacker-controlled `named_list` pointers, and `data-\u003eprivate_data = named_data-\u003eprivate_data` produces type confusion into `hist_trigger_data` \u2014 a classic UAF write primitive usable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - As stated in the commit, the second named-hist registration causes a use-after-free that crashes the kernel; list corruption reliably produces an oops or panic, denying service to the whole system."
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    "datePublished": "2025-04-01T15:26:50.791Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.783Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:51:55.265Z",
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There is no network or remote data path into `event_hist_trigger_parse()`.\\nAC:L - Triggering is fully deterministic \\u2014 one failing `hist:name=bad:...onmax(bogus)...` write leaves the freed object linked in the global `named_triggers` list, and a second `hist:name=bad` write dereferences it; no race and no uncontrollable preconditions. `CONFIG_HIST_TRIGGERS=y` is standard in mainstream distro and Android kernels, and slab reclaim of the freed `event_trigger_data` is attacker-influenced via ordinary heap spraying.\\nPR:L - No capability check exists on the code path; access is gated purely by tracefs file permissions, and tracefs is routinely delegated to a non-root tracing/shell group (Android shell, ChromeOS debugd, perf/tracing groups) via the `gid=` mount option. A local unprivileged user with that ordinary tracing access can execute the full sequence.\\nUI:N - The attacker performs both writes themselves; no victim action or cooperation is needed at any point.\\nS:U - The use-after-free and list corruption occur in kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - `find_named_trigger()` and `hist_trigger_match()` dereference the freed object\u0027s `name` and `private_data` pointers, so after reclaiming the slab object the attacker controls those pointers and obtains an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive, plus leakage of the `named_triggers` list-head address.\\nI:H - The freed object remains on a global list, so subsequent `list_add`/`list_del` operations write through attacker-controlled `named_list` pointers, and `data-\u003eprivate_data = named_data-\u003eprivate_data` produces type confusion into `hist_trigger_data` \\u2014 a classic UAF write primitive usable for control-flow hijack.\\nA:H - As stated in the commit, the second named-hist registration causes a use-after-free that crashes the kernel; list corruption reliably produces an oops or panic, denying service to the whole system.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13\", \"lessThan\": \"5ae1b18f05ee2b849dc03b6c15d7da0c1c6efa77\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13\", \"lessThan\": \"43b254d46c740bf9dbe65709afa021dd726dfa99\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13\", \"lessThan\": \"435d2964af815aae456db554c62963b4515f19d0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13\", \"lessThan\": \"f1ae50cfb818ce1ac7a674406dfadb7653e2552d\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13\", \"lessThan\": \"6f86bdeab633a56d5c6dccf1a2c5989b6a5e323e\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.17\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.17\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.130\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.81\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.18\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ae1b18f05ee2b849dc03b6c15d7da0c1c6efa77\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43b254d46c740bf9dbe65709afa021dd726dfa99\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/435d2964af815aae456db554c62963b4515f19d0\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1ae50cfb818ce1ac7a674406dfadb7653e2552d\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f86bdeab633a56d5c6dccf1a2c5989b6a5e323e\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ntracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list\\n\\nThe following commands causes a crash:\\n\\n ~# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/events/rcu/rcu_callback\\n ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid:onmax(bogus).save(common_pid)\u0027 \u003e trigger\\n bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument\\n ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid\u0027 \u003e trigger\\n\\nBecause the following occurs:\\n\\nevent_trigger_write() {\\n  trigger_process_regex() {\\n    event_hist_trigger_parse() {\\n\\n      data = event_trigger_alloc(..);\\n\\n      event_trigger_register(.., data) {\\n        cmd_ops-\u003ereg(.., data, ..) [hist_register_trigger()] {\\n          data-\u003eops-\u003einit() [event_hist_trigger_init()] {\\n            save_named_trigger(name, data) {\\n              list_add(\u0026data-\u003enamed_list, \u0026named_triggers);\\n            }\\n          }\\n        }\\n      }\\n\\n      ret = create_actions(); (return -EINVAL)\\n      if (ret)\\n        goto out_unreg;\\n[..]\\n      ret = hist_trigger_enable(data, ...) {\\n        list_add_tail_rcu(\u0026data-\u003elist, \u0026file-\u003etriggers); \u003c\u003c\u003c---- SKIPPED!!! (this is important!)\\n[..]\\n out_unreg:\\n      event_hist_unregister(.., data) {\\n        cmd_ops-\u003eunreg(.., data, ..) [hist_unregister_trigger()] {\\n          list_for_each_entry(iter, \u0026file-\u003etriggers, list) {\\n            if (!hist_trigger_match(data, iter, named_data, false))   \u003c- never matches\\n                continue;\\n            [..]\\n            test = iter;\\n          }\\n          if (test \u0026\u0026 test-\u003eops-\u003efree) \u003c\u003c\u003c-- test is NULL\\n\\n            test-\u003eops-\u003efree(test) [event_hist_trigger_free()] {\\n              [..]\\n              if (data-\u003ename)\\n                del_named_trigger(data) {\\n                  list_del(\u0026data-\u003enamed_list);  \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c-- NEVER gets removed!\\n                }\\n              }\\n           }\\n         }\\n\\n         [..]\\n         kfree(data); \u003c\u003c\u003c-- frees item but it is still on list\\n\\nThe next time a hist with name is registered, it causes an u-a-f bug and\\nthe kernel can crash.\\n\\nMove the code around such that if event_trigger_register() succeeds, the\\nnext thing called is hist_trigger_enable() which adds it to the list.\\n\\nA bunch of actions is called if get_named_trigger_data() returns false.\\nBut that doesn\u0027t need to be called after event_trigger_register(), so it\\ncan be moved up, allowing event_trigger_register() to be called just\\nbefore hist_trigger_enable() keeping them together and allowing the\\nfile-\u003etriggers to be properly populated.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.130\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.81\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.18\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.6\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:55:14.373Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-21899\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-10-15T21:51:55.265Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-29T08:45:45.783Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-04-01T15:26:50.791Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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