CVE-2025-21785 (GCVE-0-2025-21785)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-02-27 02:18
Modified
2026-08-05 11:54
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
Version: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\narm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array\n\nThe loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds\ncheck on the array size but does not account for cache levels with\nseparate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index\nfor any populated leaf (instead of any populated level)."
        }
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      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The defect lives in arm64 CPU cacheinfo initialization, reached only through local CPU bring-up (`update_siblings_masks()`) and the CPUHP_AP_BASE_CACHEINFO_ONLINE hotplug callback on the machine itself; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `populate_cache_leaves()`.\nAC:L - On an affected platform the overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 whenever firmware (DT `cache-unified`/single `cache-size`, or ACPI PPTT `split_levels`) under-counts leaves relative to a `CLIDR_EL1` level reporting `CACHE_TYPE_SEPARATE`, the level-vs-leaf counter mismatch fires on every execution of the loop. There is no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition to win.\nPR:L - The vulnerable loop executes with no `capable()` check, no LSM gate, and no authentication anywhere on the path \u2014 it runs as part of normal CPU bring-up on behalf of the system, so no elevated credentials are required for the out-of-bounds write to occur; scoring at low local privilege rather than high since nothing on the path demands real root.\nUI:N - No victim action of any kind is needed \u2014 the out-of-bounds write happens autonomously during secondary-CPU initialization as part of ordinary system startup.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel\u0027s own slab allocations on the same host; no VM/hypervisor, IOMMU/DMA, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The heap out-of-bounds write clobbers `type` and `level` fields at fixed strides across up to several hundred bytes of adjacent slab objects allocated during early boot; corrupting neighbouring structures\u0027 length, index, or pointer fields is a classic route to kernel memory disclosure, so per memory-corruption guidance this is High.\nI:H - This is a direct out-of-bounds write past a `kcalloc()`\u0027d `struct cacheinfo` array, silently modifying kernel heap memory belonging to unrelated objects \u2014 out-of-bounds writes are scored High for integrity because slab corruption is the standard primitive for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Overwriting adjacent early-boot slab objects can corrupt pointers or allocator metadata, producing an oops, panic, or unbootable system; because it occurs during CPU bring-up on affected platforms, the result is complete loss of availability of the machine."
            }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:54:23.832Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860"
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      "title": "arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21785",
    "datePublished": "2025-02-27T02:18:25.938Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.765Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:54:23.832Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
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