Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-829
AllowedInclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
267 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-87695 (GCVE-0-2026-87695)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 19:01 – Updated: 2026-10-31 18:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23 |
Affected:
15.01.0.0 , < 15.01.2507.077
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 14 |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.1544.050
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 15 |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.1748.055
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server Subscription Edition RTM |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.2562.056
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-13 14:00
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CVE-2026-87114 (GCVE-0-2026-87114)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 16:49 – Updated: 2026-10-07 14:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kube-compare: container:// reference extraction runs the image entrypoint and silently escalates to sudo
Summary
A flaw was found in kube-compare. When processing a 'container://' reference path, the tool incorrectly executes an untrusted container image's entrypoint instead of merely extracting data from a stopped container. This allows a remote attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the operator's workstation. If the Docker daemon requires elevated privileges, the untrusted code may execute with root-mediated daemon privileges, posing a significant security risk.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 16:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74381 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74384 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74430 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74435 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-87114 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2522945 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 |
Unaffected:
1790632105 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.20 |
Unaffected:
1790707563 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.20::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.21 |
Unaffected:
1790707362 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.21::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.22 |
Unaffected:
1790718431 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.22::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Pen Drive Powered by Red Hat Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:pdrive_lightspeed:1
|
Date Public
2026-09-28 16:15
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CVE-2026-86169 (GCVE-0-2026-86169)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-05 11:01 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Axolotl before 0.19.0 Remote Code Execution via Multipack Patching
Summary
Axolotl before 0.19.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the multipack patch path where trust_remote_code defaults to None instead of False, causing the security guard to be bypassed. Attackers can execute arbitrary Python code by crafting a malicious Hugging Face model repository selected as base_model, which is loaded with hardcoded trust_remote_code=True during AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 18:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/pull/3858 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/commi… | patch |
| https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/blob/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/blob/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/relea… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/axolotl-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| axolotl-ai-cloud | axolotl |
Affected:
0 , < 0.19.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 0.19.0 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-07-24 00:00
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CVE-2026-86131 (GCVE-0-2026-86131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 23:05 – Updated: 2026-10-01 17:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fireware OS Code Injection in BOVPN Over TLS Client Allows Remote Code Execution
Summary
A code injection vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS's BOVPN Over TLS client configuration handling allows an attacker who controls the remote VPN server to execute arbitrary commands as root on the connecting Firebox.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 03:55 UTC
Assigner
WatchGuard
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-86131 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2026.3 , < 2026.3.2
(custom)
Affected: 2025.0 , < 2026.2.3 (custom) Affected: 12.0 , < 12.12.3 (custom) |
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.5.21
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-86063 (GCVE-0-2026-86063)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 19:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 20:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Claude Code: Plugin Hash Pin Bypass Allows Bypass of Hash Pinning
Summary
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to 2.1.179, the Claude Code and Claude Desktop plugin installation flow runs git checkout for a marketplace-pinned commit without verifying that the resulting HEAD equals the pinned 40-character SHA. An attacker who controls a plugin repository on a Git host that permits SHA-shaped branch names can create a branch named after the reviewed commit, causing checkout to select the branch tip and install attacker-controlled plugin code. Exploitation requires a user to install the malicious plugin and pin it to the ostensibly safe hash. This issue is fixed in version 2.1.179.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 20:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| anthropics | claude-code |
Affected:
< 2.1.179
|
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CVE-2026-85355 (GCVE-0-2026-85355)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 19:00 – Updated: 2026-10-31 18:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 20:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
21 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9612
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9376
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7807
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7807
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7652
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7652
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.9711
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.9711
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.3231
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 26H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26300.0 , < 10.0.26300.9711
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26434
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26434
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23470
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23470
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9612
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9612
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9376
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9376
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5761
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33650
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33650
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-13 14:00
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CVE-2026-84725 (GCVE-0-2026-84725)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 17:30 – Updated: 2026-11-06 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Openjdk-orb: incomplete fix for cve-2026-15560,unauthed class loading via iiop in eap
Summary
when EAP runs with -secmgr, the openjdk-orb's JDKBridge honours attacker-supplied CDR codebase URLs during object unmarshalling on :3528, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to load and instantiate arbitrary classes from a remote URL in the server JVM before EJB security interceptors run.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95887 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-84725 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2527228 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
Date Public
2026-10-27 00:00
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CVE-2026-83493 (GCVE-0-2026-83493)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 06:39 – Updated: 2026-11-06 15:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Distributed-workloads: github actions pinned by mutable tag/branch, including third-party snyk/actions/setup@master
Summary
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Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 15:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-83493 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2526349 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
Date Public
2026-08-31 15:30
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CVE-2026-82525 (GCVE-0-2026-82525)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 15:16 – Updated: 2026-09-14 13:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Exterro FTK Imager < 8.3 XXE via Report.xml XSLT Processing
Summary
Exterro FTK Imager before 8.3 contains an XML external entity (XXE) injection vulnerability that allows attackers to read arbitrary files from the host filesystem by embedding malicious external entity references and attacker-controlled XSLT stylesheets within a Report.xml file inside a UFDR ZIP evidence item. Attackers can craft a malicious UFDR archive that, when previewed by an examiner, causes the XML parser to resolve file:// external entity references and execute msxsl:script within the external stylesheet to exfiltrate the resolved file contents to an attacker-controlled endpoint via a generated image URL.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 13:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://d1kpmuwb7gvu1i.cloudfront.net/8.x/8.3.0/E… | release-notes |
| https://www.exterro.com/ftk-downloads/ftk-imager-8-3 | productpatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/exterro-ftk-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exterro | FTK Imager |
Affected:
0 , < 8.3
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-08-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-81305 (GCVE-0-2026-81305)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 16:12 – Updated: 2026-09-19 14:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CareCam CM2507 Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Summary
CM2507 IP cameras automatically execute a predetermined script from removable media without verifying its authenticity or integrity. An attacker with physical access to the device could supply a malicious script and execute arbitrary code in the security context of the affected device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-19 13:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
icscert
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CareCam | HMT.CM2507 Firmware |
Affected:
v251211.1507
|
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Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-175: Code Inclusion
An adversary exploits a weakness on the target to force arbitrary code to be retrieved locally or from a remote location and executed. This differs from code injection in that code injection involves the direct inclusion of code while code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-201: Serialized Data External Linking
An adversary creates a serialized data file (e.g. XML, YAML, etc...) that contains an external data reference. Because serialized data parsers may not validate documents with external references, there may be no checks on the nature of the reference in the external data. This can allow an adversary to open arbitrary files or connections, which may further lead to the adversary gaining access to information on the system that they would normally be unable to obtain.
CAPEC-228: DTD Injection
An attacker injects malicious content into an application's DTD in an attempt to produce a negative technical impact. DTDs are used to describe how XML documents are processed. Certain malformed DTDs (for example, those with excessive entity expansion as described in CAPEC 197) can cause the XML parsers that process the DTDs to consume excessive resources resulting in resource depletion.
CAPEC-251: Local Code Inclusion
The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from the local machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-252: PHP Local File Inclusion
The attacker loads and executes an arbitrary local PHP file on a target machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of PHP files that have known vulnerabilities, to load PHP files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-253: Remote Code Inclusion
The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from a remote location. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load malicious files that the attacker placed on the remote machine, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-263: Force Use of Corrupted Files
This describes an attack where an application is forced to use a file that an attacker has corrupted. The result is often a denial of service caused by the application being unable to process the corrupted file, but other results, including the disabling of filters or access controls (if the application fails in an unsafe way rather than failing by locking down) or buffer overflows are possible.
CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation
Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.
CAPEC-549: Local Execution of Code
An adversary installs and executes malicious code on the target system in an effort to achieve a negative technical impact. Examples include rootkits, ransomware, spyware, adware, and others.
CAPEC-640: Inclusion of Code in Existing Process
The adversary takes advantage of a bug in an application failing to verify the integrity of the running process to execute arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. The adversary could use running code in the context of another process to try to access process's memory, system/network resources, etc. The goal of this attack is to evade detection defenses and escalate privileges by masking the malicious code under an existing legitimate process. Examples of approaches include but not limited to: dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, portable executable injection, thread execution hijacking, ptrace system calls, VDSO hijacking, function hooking, reflective code loading, and more.
CAPEC-660: Root/Jailbreak Detection Evasion via Hooking
An adversary forces a non-restricted mobile application to load arbitrary code or code files, via Hooking, with the goal of evading Root/Jailbreak detection. Mobile device users often Root/Jailbreak their devices in order to gain administrative control over the mobile operating system and/or to install third-party mobile applications that are not provided by authorized application stores (e.g. Google Play Store and Apple App Store). Adversaries may further leverage these capabilities to escalate privileges or bypass access control on legitimate applications. Although many mobile applications check if a mobile device is Rooted/Jailbroken prior to authorized use of the application, adversaries may be able to "hook" code in order to circumvent these checks. Successfully evading Root/Jailbreak detection allows an adversary to execute administrative commands, obtain confidential data, impersonate legitimate users of the application, and more.
CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking
An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.
CAPEC-698: Install Malicious Extension
An adversary directly installs or tricks a user into installing a malicious extension into existing trusted software, with the goal of achieving a variety of negative technical impacts.