Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-78
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
4253 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-116755 (GCVE-0-2026-116755)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-31 01:56 – Updated: 2026-11-06 13:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SoftIron HyperCloud: OS Command Injection in Orchestrator via Virtual Machine Template Fields
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') in the Orchestrator component of SoftIron HyperCloud allows an authenticated user with access to the management plane to execute arbitrary operating system commands on hypervisor hosts as the privileged orchestration user. Attacker-controlled virtual machine template content (for example, the VM DESCRIPTION field) is delivered to hosts through a shell here-document whose terminator is not quoted, so shell expansion and here-document terminator injection are performed on that content during virtual machine lifecycle operations such as deploy, migrate, and network setup. Exploitation requires valid credentials, access to the management plane (owning a virtual machine alone is not sufficient), and a lifecycle operation that reaches the affected host. This issue affects the Orchestrator component of SoftIron HyperCloud from 1.0 through 2.6.17 and is fixed in 2.6.18.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 13:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
SoftIron
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://advisories.softiron.cloud/ |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SoftIron | HyperCloud |
Affected:
1.0 , < 2.6.18
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-116676 (GCVE-0-2026-116676)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 17:11 – Updated: 2026-11-03 11:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Atlantis: OS command injection through PR-controlled Terraform workspace enables RCE during plan
Summary
Atlantis is a self-hosted golang application that listens for Terraform pull request events via webhooks. From version 0.4.0 until 0.47.1, Atlantis passes the pull-request-controlled workspace value from atlantis.yaml into Terraform command arguments that are joined with strings.Join(args, " ") and executed through sh -c. An authenticated contributor whose pull request is eligible for an Atlantis plan can include shell metacharacters in the workspace name, causing arbitrary commands to execute as the Atlantis service account without custom workflows, apply permission, or a malicious Terraform provider. External contributors can reach the flaw through fork pull requests only when --allow-fork-prs is enabled, while eligible same-repository branches do not require that option. The commands inherit the Atlantis process environment and can access cloud-provider, Terraform, and version-control credentials as well as files, state, and network resources available to the service. This issue is fixed in version 0.47.1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 11:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/runatlantis/atlantis/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/runatlantis/atlantis/pull/6792 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/runatlantis/atlantis/commit/8d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/runatlantis/atlantis/commit/f0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/runatlantis/atlantis/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| runatlantis | atlantis |
Affected:
>= 0.4.0, < 0.47.1
|
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CVE-2026-116651 (GCVE-0-2026-116651)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 22:16 – Updated: 2026-11-06 19:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
Summary
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 19:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
Tanium
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanium | Threat Response |
Affected:
4.9 , < 4.9.480
(custom)
Affected: 4.12 , < 4.12.353 (custom) Affected: 4.17 , < 4.17.333 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-11-03 22:12
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CVE-2026-116650 (GCVE-0-2026-116650)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 22:18 – Updated: 2026-11-06 19:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
Summary
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 19:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
Tanium
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanium | Threat Response |
Affected:
4.9 , < 4.9.480
(custom)
Affected: 4.12 , < 4.12.353 (custom) Affected: 4.17 , < 4.17.333 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-11-03 22:12
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CVE-2026-116576 (GCVE-0-2026-116576)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 20:18 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
systeminformation: Windows command injection in services() through Unicode quotation marks
Summary
systeminformation is a System and OS information library for node.js. Prior to 5.33.16, services() in lib/processes.js inserts a caller-supplied service name into a PowerShell Get-CimInstance filter after processing it with sanitizeShellString() in lib/util.js. On Windows, the sanitizer removes ASCII quotes but permits Unicode quotation marks that PowerShell accepts as string delimiters, allowing crafted input to terminate the filter and place a PowerShell expression in the command executed by util.powerShell(). The expression runs with the Node.js process account's permissions and may read or change accessible files, alter application data, or disrupt the service. The package does not expose a network service itself, so remote reachability depends on a consuming application forwarding attacker-controlled input to services() or getDynamicData(). This issue is fixed in version 5.33.16.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 18:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sebhildebrandt/systeminformati… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sebhildebrandt/systeminformati… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sebhildebrandt/systeminformati… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sebhildebrandt | systeminformation |
Affected:
< 5.33.16
|
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CVE-2026-116369 (GCVE-0-2026-116369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 16:00 – Updated: 2026-10-31 01:30 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sunwood-ai-labs github-kanban-mcp-server issue-handlers.ts handleListIssues os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Sunwood-ai-labs github-kanban-mcp-server up to 0.4.0. Impacted is the function handleListIssues of the file src/handlers/issue-handlers.ts. Such manipulation of the argument state/labels leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 0.4.1 is recommended to address this issue. The name of the patch is 253d93bbdf7ee9fe42bd8fdf15feea93ae59cbae. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-31 01:30 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426333 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426333/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116369 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1013075 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Sunwood-ai-labs/github-kanban-… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Sunwood-ai-labs/github-kanban-… | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/Sunwood-ai-labs/github-kanban-… | patch |
| https://github.com/Sunwood-ai-labs/github-kanban-… | patch |
| https://github.com/Sunwood-ai-labs/github-kanban-… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunwood-ai-labs | github-kanban-mcp-server |
Affected:
0.1
Affected: 0.2 Affected: 0.3 Affected: 0.4.0 Unaffected: 0.4.1 cpe:2.3:a:sunwood-ai-labs:github-kanban-mcp-server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-116241 (GCVE-0-2026-116241)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 19:55 – Updated: 2026-11-06 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pgAdmin 4: Import/Export Data query export runs a command through a backslash in a double-quoted identifier
Summary
pgAdmin 4's Import/Export Data tool wraps a user's query export in a psql \copy (...) TO command and checks that the query's parentheses are balanced so that nothing can escape the wrapper. The check rejected a backslash inside a single-quoted string, but not inside a double-quoted identifier, where it treated the next double quote as closing the identifier. psql's \copy parser applies the connection's escape character to whichever quote opened a token, so with standard_conforming_strings off a backslash-escaped double quote does not close the identifier. pgAdmin's and psql's view of the quoting then diverged, a closing parenthesis hidden from the check ended the \copy (...) wrapper, and a following TO PROGRAM clause was executed by psql on the pgAdmin host, as the operating-system account running pgAdmin, before the server rejected the statement. An ordinary database role can turn standard_conforming_strings off for itself, and the Import/Export Data permission is granted to non-administrators by default.
This is a bypass of the fix for CVE-2026-17566. The fix rejects any backslash inside a double-quoted identifier, as was already done for single-quoted strings, since its meaning depends on a server setting that cannot be known reliably when the query is validated.
This issue affects pgAdmin 4: before 9.19.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 16:09 UTC
CWE
Assigner
PostgreSQL
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/10663 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/9b… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pgadmin.org | pgAdmin 4 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.19
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-29 00:00
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CVE-2026-116219 (GCVE-0-2026-116219)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 13:08 – Updated: 2026-10-31 01:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dolibarr ERP CRM before 24.0.0 OS Command Injection via mysqldump Parameter
Summary
Dolibarr ERP CRM before 24.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in htdocs/admin/tools/export.php that lets authenticated administrators bypass the restrict_os_commands allowlist. Attackers can submit a mysqldump value chaining commands with & characters around an allowlisted basename to execute operating system commands as the web server user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-31 01:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/commit/e4c59… | patch |
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/blob/23.0.3/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/blob/23.0.3/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dolibarr-erp… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-18 00:00
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CVE-2026-116118 (GCVE-0-2026-116118)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 04:30 – Updated: 2026-10-29 20:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Z.ai Zcode Sed Command Filter os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Z.ai Zcode up to 3.14.3/3.15.1. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Sed Command Filter. The manipulation leads to os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 20:48 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426186 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426186/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116118 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1004886 | third-party-advisory |
| https://mcniyfj5bw9b.feishu.cn/docx/ZRTudN7cPoJUa… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-116109 (GCVE-0-2026-116109)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 02:15 – Updated: 2026-10-29 20:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
continuedev Continue MCP Server Transport ConfigHandler.ts MCPManagerSingleton.setConnections os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in continuedev Continue 2.0.0. This vulnerability affects the function MCPManagerSingleton.setConnections of the file core/config/ConfigHandler.ts of the component MCP Server Transport. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 20:46 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426177 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426177/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116109 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1003288 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| continuedev | Continue |
Affected:
2.0.0
cpe:2.3:a:continue:continue:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Mitigation
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.
Mitigation
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection
An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.