Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Allowed-with-Review

Out-of-bounds Write

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

3474 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-116842 (GCVE-0-2026-116842)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 00:34 – Updated: 2026-10-31 02:27

Title

DevilutionX 1.4.0 through 1.5.5 Heap Buffer Overflow via libmpq__archive_dup

Summary

DevilutionX 1.4.0 through 1.5.5 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in the bundled libmpq libmpq__archive_dup routine when opening crafted MPQ archives. Attackers can supply an MPQ archive whose block table count exceeds its hash table count, causing memcpy to overflow the heap during startup and crash the game.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-31 02:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/diasurgical/DevilutionX/issues/8758	issue-tracking
https://github.com/diasurgical/DevilutionX/pull/8482	patchissue-tracking
https://github.com/diasurgical/libmpq/blob/b78d66…	technical-description
https://github.com/diasurgical/DevilutionX/blob/7…	technical-description
https://hackmd.io/@haindpwn/devilutionx-libmpq-ha…	technical-description
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/devilutionx-…	third-party-advisory
https://hackmd.io/@haindpwn/cve-2026-116841-11684…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
diasurgical	DevilutionX	Affected: 1.4.0 , ≤ 1.5.5 (semver)

Date Public

2026-10-22 00:00

Credits

HaiND from the Post and Telecommunication Institute of Technology

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-116785 (GCVE-0-2026-116785)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 19:26 – Updated: 2026-11-09 17:43

Title

FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication heap out-of-bounds write in mod_xml_rpc WebSocket frame length handling

Summary

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, ws_read_frame() decoded a WebSocket frame's 64-bit extended payload length with a 32-bit byte swap and narrowed the result into a signed length. A value whose surviving low word became negative bypassed the signed size check and was reinterpreted as an enormous unsigned count, causing client bytes to overwrite memory beyond the 64 KiB receive buffer. Any client completing a /socket WebSocket upgrade on an enabled mod_xml_rpc endpoint reached the parser before HTTP authentication; both the module and WebSocket endpoint are disabled by default. The heap overwrite can corrupt connection pointers and crash FreeSWITCH, ending every concurrent session, although remote code execution has not been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-09 17:38 UTC

CWE

CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-681 - Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/d…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-116783 (GCVE-0-2026-116783)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 19:41 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:44

Title

FreeSWITCH mod_spandsp: out-of-bounds write parsing UDPTL error-recovery data

Summary

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, udptl_rx_packet() used a peer-controlled FEC entry count directly to fill five-entry FEC arrays in a mod_spandsp T.38 session. A larger count wrote sender-controlled error-recovery data beyond those arrays and persisted the oversized count for a later reconstruction pass. Any peer able to deliver UDPTL to an established T.38 fax session can reach the parser, including deployments using fax applications or a T.38 gateway. The memory corruption can crash FreeSWITCH and end every active call, although remote code execution has not been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-09 22:44 UTC

CWE

CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/b…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-116781 (GCVE-0-2026-116781)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 19:28 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:42

Title

FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication out-of-bounds writes in mod_xml_rpc WebSocket frame parsing

Summary

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, ws_read_frame() unmasked a WebSocket payload by iterating wsh->datalen, which included frame headers, while indexing from the payload pointer. A masked frame filling the 64 KiB receive buffer could therefore XOR up to 14 bytes beyond the buffer, and the exact-capacity case also wrote a terminating NUL one byte out of bounds. The flaw is reachable before authentication when mod_xml_rpc and its opt-in WebSocket endpoint are enabled, while both features are disabled in the stock configuration. The writes remain within the same connection handle's adjacent outbound buffer, so neither a process crash nor cross-session disclosure has been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-09 22:42 UTC

CWE

CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/f…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-116741 (GCVE-0-2026-116741)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 21:52 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:32

Title

Speex through 1.2.1 Out-of-Bounds Write via speex_bits_read_whole_bytes

Summary

Speex (libspeex) through 1.2.1 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in speex_bits_read_whole_bytes() in libspeex/bits.c that mishandles length truncation for non-owned SpeexBits buffers. Attackers can stream crafted Speex data into buffers set up with speex_bits_init_buffer() or speex_bits_set_bit_buffer() to corrupt heap or stack memory and crash applications.

Severity

8.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-02 18:31 UTC

CWE

CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/xiph/speex/issues/42	issue-tracking
https://github.com/xiph/speex	product
https://github.com/xiph/speex/blob/Speex-1.2.1/li…	technical-description
https://hackmd.io/@haindpwn/speex-bits-read-whole…	third-party-advisory
https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph/speex/-/merge_requests/32	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/speex-throug…	third-party-advisory
https://hackmd.io/@haindpwn/cve-2026-116741-speex…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
xiph	speex	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:xiph:speex::::::::

Date Public

2026-10-22 00:00

Credits

HaiND from the Post and Telecommunication Institute of Technology

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-116590 (GCVE-0-2026-116590)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 21:48 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:12

Title

snappy-java: JVM crash from unchecked ranges in Snappy.arrayCopy and SnappyOutputStream.rawWrite

Summary

snappy-java is a Java port of the snappy, a fast C++ compresser/decompresser developed by Google. Prior to 1.1.10.9, Snappy.arrayCopy(Object src, int offset, int byteLength, Object dest, int destOffset) passes caller-supplied ranges to native memcpy without validating either array, allowing negative or oversized byteLength and offset values to read or write outside array bounds and crash the JVM. SnappyOutputStream.rawWrite and SnappyInputStream.rawRead, including their typed-array write and read methods, pass caller-controlled ranges through this primitive, and typed-array byte-size calculations can overflow int. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.10.9.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-30 15:12 UTC

CWE

CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/pull/741	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/commit/2d7c…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
xerial	snappy-java	Affected: < 1.1.10.9

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-116574 (GCVE-0-2026-116574)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 19:00 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:39

Title

FreeSWITCH: Off-by-one heap write in core XML serialization of four-byte UTF-8 sequences

Summary

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, switch_xml_ampencode() reserved only ten bytes for the widest numeric character reference produced from a four-byte UTF-8 sequence, omitting space for the terminating NUL. When remote-supplied text was serialized at the exact buffer-growth boundary, the terminator wrote one byte beyond the heap allocation. Reachable surfaces include mod_xml_cdr, conference and formatted CDR XML, XML Event Socket output, and XML API output that serializes caller-controlled values. The fixed zero-byte write can abort the process or truncate an adjacent object, while remote code execution has not been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-09 22:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          "value": "FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, switch_xml_ampencode() reserved only ten bytes for the widest numeric character reference produced from a four-byte UTF-8 sequence, omitting space for the terminating NUL. When remote-supplied text was serialized at the exact buffer-growth boundary, the terminator wrote one byte beyond the heap allocation. Reachable surfaces include mod_xml_cdr, conference and formatted CDR XML, XML Event Socket output, and XML API output that serializes caller-controlled values. The fixed zero-byte write can abort the process or truncate an adjacent object, while remote code execution has not been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2."
        }
      ],
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          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
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      },
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          "name": "https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-r6vh-qmwm-h3cc",
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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-r6vh-qmwm-h3cc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/28fcfd26246c112fa4b9e698433d09e4836ca1b5",
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        "advisory": "GHSA-r6vh-qmwm-h3cc",
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      },
      "title": "FreeSWITCH: Off-by-one heap write in core XML serialization of four-byte UTF-8 sequences"
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}

CVE-2026-116573 (GCVE-0-2026-116573)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 18:59 – Updated: 2026-11-05 21:07

Title

FreeSWITCH mod_sofia: stack buffer overflow from an over-long SIP To-header user

Summary

FreeSWITCH is an open-source software telecommunications platform. From 1.10.0 until 1.11.1, a stack-based buffer overflow in mod_sofia when generating dialog-event notifications. A peer can establish a dialog with an excessively long SIP To-header user part and subsequently subscribe to that entity’s dialog events, causing the stored value to overflow a fixed-size stack buffer. Exploitation requires presence or shared-appearance management to be enabled and normally requires valid profile credentials, unless subscription authentication is disabled. The overflow can terminate the FreeSWITCH process and all active calls. This vulnerability is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-05 21:07 UTC

CWE

CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/4…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
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        "metrics": [
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CVE-2026-116572 (GCVE-0-2026-116572)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 19:19 – Updated: 2026-11-05 21:11

Title

FreeSWITCH mod_sofia: stack buffer overflow from an over-long SIP Contact display-name

Summary

FreeSWITCH is an open-source software telecommunications platform. From 1.10.0 to 1.11.1, there is a stack-based buffer overflow in mod_sofia when processing SIP Contact display names for dialog-event notifications. A peer can establish a dialog containing an excessively long display name and subsequently subscribe to that entity’s dialog events, causing the stored value to overflow a fixed 512-byte stack buffer. Exploitation requires presence management to be enabled, directly or through shared appearance, and normally requires valid profile credentials unless subscription authentication is disabled. The overflow can terminate the FreeSWITCH process and all active calls. This vulnerability is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-05 21:08 UTC

CWE

CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-116572",
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        }
      ],
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            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
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CVE-2026-116570 (GCVE-0-2026-116570)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 19:21 – Updated: 2026-11-09 17:43

Title

FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication stack buffer overflow in mod_xml_rpc HTTP directory authentication

Summary

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, http_directory_auth() rebuilt an expected user@domain:password credential and base64-encoded it into an 80-byte buffer using an encoder without an output-length argument. A configured credential longer than 57 characters overflowed the stack before the supplied HTTP Basic password was compared. An unauthenticated client only needed to name an existing directory user on an exposed mod_xml_rpc HTTP listener; the module is built but not loaded by the stock configuration. The overflow can corrupt the stack and crash FreeSWITCH, ending every active call, although the overrun bytes come from the configured credential and remote code execution has not been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-09 17:38 UTC

CWE

CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/0…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
signalwire	freeswitch	Affected: < 1.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
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                "id": "CVE-2026-116570",
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Mitigation MIT-3

Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.

Mitigation MIT-4.1

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.

Mitigation MIT-10

Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.

Mitigation MIT-9

Implementation

Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.

Mitigation MIT-11

Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

Mitigation MIT-12

Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].

Mitigation MIT-13

Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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