Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
3515 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-12363 (GCVE-0-2026-12363)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 17:52 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds write in LoRaWAN fragmented transport from a fragment index of 0
Summary
The LoRaWAN Fragmented Data Block Transport service (subsys/lorawan/services/frag_transport.c) does not validate the fragment counter in a received DATA_FRAGMENT command before forwarding it to the configured decoder. In frag_transport_package_callback() the value frag_counter = hdr->frag_index_n & 0x3FFF is taken directly from the downlink payload and passed to the decoder, which derives an array index and flash offset as frag_counter - 1. DataFragment fragments are 1-indexed, so a frag_counter of 0 underflows that arithmetic.
With the default Semtech/LoRaMAC-node decoder, this reaches FragDecoder.FragNbMissingIndex[fragCounter - 1] = 0; in FragDecoderProcess(), where fragCounter - 1 evaluates to -1 and writes a uint16_t zero out of bounds, just before the array and into the adjacent MatrixM2B recovery-matrix state of the static decoder object (CWE-787). A companion write derives a wild flash offset, but that path is rejected by the flash_area_write() bounds check. The in-tree low-memory decoder (frag_dec()) is not corrupted: its out-of-range bit-array and flash accesses are caught by sys_bitarray_ and flash_area_ bounds checks.
The handler is the registered downlink callback for the fragmentation transport port, reachable whenever an active fragmentation session exists, so the triggering byte is attacker-influenceable LoRaWAN/FUOTA network input. Triggering it requires authenticated downlinks (LoRaWAN MAC session keys or a malicious/compromised network or FUOTA server) and an active fragmentation session. The impact is contained: corruption of decoder state and denial of the firmware-update (FUOTA) session rather than controllable memory corruption or code execution. The fix adds a transport-layer check that rejects frag_counter == 0, closing the defect for both decoder backends.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 19:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
zephyr
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
3.7.0 , < 4.3.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.5.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-12235 (GCVE-0-2026-12235)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 04:55 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds write in Xtensa llext PLT relocation from malformed ELF (CWE-787)
Summary
The Linkable Loadable Extensions (llext) subsystem mis-handles PLT/RELA relocation entries when linking a relocatable (partially-linked) ELF extension. In llext_link_plt() (subsys/llext/llext_link.c), the relocatable branch (tgt != NULL, the path used for Xtensa relocatable objects) computed the patch address as ext->mem[LLEXT_MEM_TEXT] - text.sh_offset + rela.r_offset + tgt->sh_offset and then performed the relocation write there without validating rela.r_offset. Its sibling shared/dynamic branch already rejected out-of-range offsets via llext_file_offset().
rela.r_offset is read directly from the ELF's RELA table, so a crafted entry with an offset larger than the target section makes the write land arbitrarily far outside the extension's text buffer. The result is an attacker-influenced out-of-bounds write (the location via r_offset, the written value being the resolved symbol address) performed in supervisor context at link time, before any extension code runs.
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The fix adds a bound check rejecting any RELA entry whose r_offset >= tgt->sh_size, mirroring the existing validation in the shared branch.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 12:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
zephyr
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
3.7.0 , < 4.3.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-12109 (GCVE-0-2026-12109)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 21:01 – Updated: 2026-11-04 20:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
Summary
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow an attacker with administrative privileges and access to the local management interface to execute arbitrary code due to an unbounded write to a fixed-size stack buffer.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 20:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
ibm
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7291628 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Security Verify Access |
Affected:
10.0 , ≤ 10.0.9.2
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Verify Identity Access |
Affected:
11.0 , ≤ 11.0.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Security Verify Access Container |
Affected:
10.0 , ≤ 10.0.9.2
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_container:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_container:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_container:10.0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Verify Identity Access Container |
Affected:
11.0 , ≤ 11.0.3
(semver)
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CVE-2026-12052 (GCVE-0-2026-12052)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 05:51 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds write in USB CDC NCM control handler when host wLength is smaller than the response
Summary
The USB device-side CDC NCM class control-to-host handler usbd_cdc_ncm_cth in subsys/usb/device_next/class/usbd_cdc_ncm.c builds a fixed-size response for the GET_NTB_PARAMETERS (28-byte struct ntb_parameters) and GET_NTB_INPUT_SIZE (8-byte struct ntb_input_size) class requests and copies the whole structure into the control DATA IN buffer with net_buf_add_mem(buf, ..., sizeof(...)), ignoring the host-supplied wLength.
The control DATA IN buffer is allocated by the USB stack with a capacity of exactly wLength bytes (usbd_ep_ctrl_data_in_alloc -> udc_ctrl_data_alloc -> net_buf_alloc_len(&udc_ep_pool, wLength); no round-up is applied for the IN endpoint). Because net_buf_add_mem/net_buf_simple_add only bounds the copy with an __ASSERT_NO_MSG, which is compiled out in production builds, a host that issues one of these standard CDC NCM control requests with a wLength smaller than the response structure (e.g. wLength = 1) causes the handler to memcpy up to 27 bytes past the end of the allocated pool buffer.
The request fields come straight from the USB SETUP packet, so any host (or USB interposer) the Zephyr device enumerates against can trigger the overflow with no authentication once an image built with the device_next USB stack and the CDC NCM class is connected. The out-of-bounds write corrupts adjacent allocations and metadata in the shared udc_ep_pool, primarily causing memory corruption and denial of service of the USB stack; the overflow length is bounded (<= 27 bytes) and the written content is fixed device constants, and the bug reads nothing back so there is no information disclosure. The fix clamps the copy with MIN(sizeof(...), setup->wLength), matching the existing CDC ACM handler.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 17:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
zephyr
CNA
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
4.0.0 , < 4.3.2
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-11933 (GCVE-0-2026-11933)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 01:57 – Updated: 2026-06-13 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Post-authentication use-after-free in server-side JavaScript BSON-to-array conversion
Summary
A use-after-free vulnerability exists in MongoDB Server's server-side JavaScript engine when converting BSON documents to JavaScript arrays. An authenticated user with read privileges who is able to run server-side JavaScript (for example, via $where or $function) can cause the server to access memory that has already been freed. This may result in disclosure of information from the mongod process memory or a denial of service through a server crash.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-12 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
mongodb
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-11928 (GCVE-0-2026-11928)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 17:19 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Security vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
Summary
IBM Verify Identity Access is vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 16:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
ibm
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7286188 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Verify Identity Access |
Affected:
11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.3 Interim Fix 001
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0.3:interim_fix_001:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Security Verify Access |
Affected:
10.0.0 , ≤ 10.0.9.2 Interim Fix 001
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.9.2:interim_fix_001:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Verify Identity Access Container |
Affected:
11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.3 Interim Fix 001
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access_container:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access_container:11.0.3:interim_fix_001:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Security Verify Access Container |
Affected:
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(semver)
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CVE-2026-11771 (GCVE-0-2026-11771)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 16:36 – Updated: 2026-07-30 18:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
OpenVPN version 2.1.0 through 2.6.20 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows attackers via an off-by-one buffer write in the NTLM proxy authentication to potentially cause a crash via a crafted NTLM response from a malicious proxy server
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 18:04 UTC
Assigner
OpenVPN
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.openvpn.net/Security%20Announce… | vendor-advisory |
| https://community.openvpn.net/ReleaseHistory#open… | release-notes |
| https://community.openvpn.net/ReleaseHistory#open… | release-notes |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-11728 (GCVE-0-2026-11728)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 17:42 – Updated: 2026-09-16 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM MQ .NET client is vulnerable to remote code execution
Summary
IBM MQ 9.1.0.0 through 9.1.0.37 LTS, 9.2.0.0 through 9.2.0.43 LTS, 9.3.0.0 through 9.3.0.41 LTS, 9.3.0.0 through 9.3.5.1 CD, 9.4.0.0 through 9.4.0.25 LTS, 9.4.0.0 through 9.4.5.1 CD, and 10.0.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service or potentially execute arbitrary code in the client due to a heap buffer overflow when receiving messages from a malicious queue manager or through a man-in-the-middle attack.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
ibm
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7284943 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | MQ |
Affected:
9.1.0.0 , ≤ 9.1.0.37 LTS
(semver)
Affected: 9.2.0.0 , ≤ 9.2.0.43 LTS (semver) Affected: 9.3.0.0 , ≤ 9.3.0.41 LTS (semver) Affected: 9.3.0.0 , ≤ 9.3.5.1 CD (semver) Affected: 9.4.0.0 , ≤ 9.4.0.25 LTS (semver) Affected: 9.4.0.0 , ≤ 9.4.5.1 CD (semver) Affected: 10.0.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.1.0.37:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.2.0.43:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.3.0.41:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.3.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.4.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:9.4.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:mq:10.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-11604 (GCVE-0-2026-11604)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 21:04 – Updated: 2026-06-11 13:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An incorrect buffer size calculation in the epoch key generator in OpenVPN ovpn-dco-win version 2.0.0 through 2.8.3 allows a remote authenticated peer to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and kernel memory corruption via a crafted data packet, resulting in a system crash (denial of service).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 13:26 UTC
CWE
Assigner
OpenVPN
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenVPN/ovpn-dco-win/releases | product |
| https://community.openvpn.net/Security%20Announce… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenVPN | ovpn-dco-win |
Affected:
2.0.0 , ≤ 2.5.8
(semver)
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CVE-2026-11316 (GCVE-0-2026-11316)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 15:29 – Updated: 2026-11-10 15:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the dr_wav drwav__read_cue_to_metadata_obj functionality of dr_libs (version(s): 0.14.5). A specially crafted .wav file can lead to an out-of-bounds write. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
1 reference
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0.14.5"
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"credits": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "Discovered by Ankur Tyagi of Cisco Talos"
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.