Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-674
Allowed-with-ReviewUncontrolled Recursion
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
411 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-104635 (GCVE-0-2026-104635)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 08:17 – Updated: 2026-10-15 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.
In lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.
This issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
EEF
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/secur… | relatedvendor-advisory |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635 | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commi… | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commi… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-protobuf | protobuf |
Affected:
0.8.0 , < 0.17.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| elixir-protobuf | protobuf |
Affected:
b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370 , < e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-09 08:17
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CVE-2026-104020 (GCVE-0-2026-104020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 20:36 – Updated: 2026-10-09 16:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled recursion in the Ion reader in Amazon Ion Python
Summary
Uncontrolled recursion in the Ion reader in Amazon Ion Python before 0.15.0 might allow a remote unauthenticated actor to crash the application using the library, resulting in a denial of service, via a crafted, deeply nested Ion value.
To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.15.0 or later.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 18:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled recursion
Assigner
AMZN
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/amazon-ion/ion-python/releases… | patch |
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/amazon-ion/ion-python/security… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | ion-python |
Affected:
0 , < 0.15.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:amazon:ion-python:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-103600 (GCVE-0-2026-103600)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 07:08 – Updated: 2026-10-02 17:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded ASN.1 nesting depth causes process-terminating stack overflow
Summary
Uncontrolled recursion in the ASN.1 parser (Asn1InputStream, Asn1StreamParser) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted ASN.1 encoding of deeply nested constructed elements (for example SEQUENCE inside SEQUENCE, in definite-length DER or indefinite-length BER form), because each nesting level is parsed by a further recursive call with no bound on depth. About 2,000 levels (8 KB of DER) are enough to exhaust a 1.5 MB thread stack, the .NET main-thread default on Windows, and raise a StackOverflowException, which .NET cannot catch and which terminates the whole process; on threads with larger stacks, parse time instead grows quadratically with depth (about 9 seconds of CPU for a 64 KB input). Any path that parses untrusted ASN.1 is exposed, including X.509 certificates and CRLs, CMS/PKCS#7, PKCS#8/PKCS#12, OCSP and TLS Certificate messages.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 17:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
bcorg
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/wiki/CVE-2026-103600 | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/89c81b0… | patch |
| https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/commit/b99f4e3… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. | bc-csharp |
Affected:
0 , < 2.7.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-103118 (GCVE-0-2026-103118)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 13:30 – Updated: 2026-10-02 16:13 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GraphicsMagick WPG File wpg.c ExtractPostscript recursion
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in GraphicsMagick up to 1.3.47. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ExtractPostscript of the file coders/wpg.c of the component WPG File Handler. Performing a manipulation results in uncontrolled recursion. The attack may be initiated remotely. The patch is named 627b5b1b2fc2. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 16:13 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/411874 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/411874/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-103118 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/954970 | third-party-advisory |
| https://foss.heptapod.net/graphicsmagick/graphics… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | GraphicsMagick |
Affected:
1.3.0
Affected: 1.3.1 Affected: 1.3.2 Affected: 1.3.3 Affected: 1.3.4 Affected: 1.3.5 Affected: 1.3.6 Affected: 1.3.7 Affected: 1.3.8 Affected: 1.3.9 Affected: 1.3.10 Affected: 1.3.11 Affected: 1.3.12 Affected: 1.3.13 Affected: 1.3.14 Affected: 1.3.15 Affected: 1.3.16 Affected: 1.3.17 Affected: 1.3.18 Affected: 1.3.19 Affected: 1.3.20 Affected: 1.3.21 Affected: 1.3.22 Affected: 1.3.23 Affected: 1.3.24 Affected: 1.3.25 Affected: 1.3.26 Affected: 1.3.27 Affected: 1.3.28 Affected: 1.3.29 Affected: 1.3.30 Affected: 1.3.31 Affected: 1.3.32 Affected: 1.3.33 Affected: 1.3.34 Affected: 1.3.35 Affected: 1.3.36 Affected: 1.3.37 Affected: 1.3.38 Affected: 1.3.39 Affected: 1.3.40 Affected: 1.3.41 Affected: 1.3.42 Affected: 1.3.43 Affected: 1.3.44 Affected: 1.3.45 Affected: 1.3.46 Affected: 1.3.47 cpe:2.3:a:graphicsmagick:graphicsmagick:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-103087 (GCVE-0-2026-103087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 00:35 – Updated: 2026-09-30 19:08 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Uncontrolled recursion in the Gosub browser engine (gosub-engine) through 0.1.0 and main before commit 46868b3 allows a remote attacker to cause a Denial of Service (stack exhaustion and application crash) via an SVG document containing an excessive number of deeply nested elements. Because the engine does not limit the nesting depth of processed SVG nodes, rendering such a document overflows the thread stack and terminates the application. The malicious SVG can be embedded through the SRC attribute of an IMG element, and thus exploitation only requires the victim to visit an attacker-controlled web page.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 18:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
mitre
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gosub-io/gosub-engine/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/gosub-io/gosub-engine/pull/1229 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gosub-io | gosub-engine |
Affected:
0 , < 46868b3deae44544bee2a13e756772966dde950e
(git)
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CVE-2026-103008 (GCVE-0-2026-103008)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:31 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) in Elasticsearch can lead to Denial of Service via a specially crafted request that causes the server to construct and process a deeply nested data structure with no bound on recursion depth. Elasticsearch contains an uncontrolled recursion weakness in how it builds and serializes geometry values produced by scripted runtime fields. Unlike geometry supplied as text, which is subject to a nesting-depth limit, geometry constructed from a script's output is not bounded. An authenticated user with read access to a single index can submit a request defining such a field with a script that produces a deeply nested structure. Processing this request recurses past the available stack space, causing the affected node to terminate. The node does not recover automatically on all deployments and may require manual intervention to restore service.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
elastic
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
8.12.0 , ≤ 8.19.22
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.4.7 (semver) Affected: 9.5.0 , ≤ 9.5.4 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-103006 (GCVE-0-2026-103006)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:31 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) in Elasticsearch can lead to Denial of Service via a specially crafted, deeply nested request submitted to the aggregation feature of the search API. Elasticsearch contains an uncontrolled recursion weakness in its search aggregation processing. An authenticated user with read access to a single index can submit a specially crafted request containing deeply nested aggregation definitions. Processing this request triggers unbounded recursive execution that exhausts the server process's available resources, causing the affected node to terminate. The node does not recover automatically and requires manual intervention to restore service.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
elastic
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
8.0.0 , ≤ 8.19.20
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.4.5 (semver) Affected: 9.5.0 , ≤ 9.5.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-102510 (GCVE-0-2026-102510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 08:01 – Updated: 2026-09-30 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache PLC4X: Go binding: unbounded allocation and framing failures on wire-controlled lengths
Summary
Integer Overflow, Improper Validation of Array Index, Uncontrolled Recursion and Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value in the Go implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4Go) allow a malicious device, or an attacker able to inject network traffic, to crash or exhaust the memory of the client application,
causing a denial of service.
The individual defects are:
- Generated parsers pre-allocate arrays with the element count claimed on the wire (0.13.0 through 0.13.1).
- Transport read helpers allocate buffers of the size claimed on the wire without an upper bound.
- ADS and KNXnet/IP response handling indexes into received data without checking its length, causing a panic.
- ADS and EIP frame-length handling accepts, or arithmetically wraps to, a length of zero, breaking message framing.
- Recursive protocol types are parsed without a nesting-depth limit. The same defect in the Java implementation is covered by CVE-2026-102509 https://cveprocess.apache.org/cve5/CVE-2026-102509 .
Additionally, length and position arithmetic in generated serializers was performed in 16-bit integers. If an application forwards attacker-influenced payloads larger than 8 KB, the length field wraps, and the remainder of the payload may be interpreted by the receiving device (for example, an ADS PLC) as
additional, independent protocol messages.
This issue affects Apache PLC4X: from 0.11.0 before 1.0.0. PLC4Go is consumed as the Go module github.com/apache/plc4x/plc4go; versions refer to the corresponding Apache PLC4X releases.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value. This covers the array pre-allocation (f017) and the transport read buffers (f018)
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound. This covers the uint16 length and position wraps (f009) and the EIP packet size wrapping to 0 (f014)
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index. This covers the ADS and KNXnet/IP index panics (f013, f015)
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion. This covers the Go part of f045
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/lw66k49p1jf7… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache PLC4X |
Affected:
0.11.0 , < 1.0.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-102509 (GCVE-0-2026-102509)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 08:00 – Updated: 2026-09-30 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X: Pre-authentication resource exhaustion in the OPC UA driver and the Java SPI parser
Summary
Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value, Allocation of Resources Without Limits, and Uncontrolled Recursion in the Java implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4J) allow a malicious or impersonated device to exhaust the memory or stack of the client application, causing a denial of service.
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impersonate it.
The individual defects are:
- Length-prefixed byte strings are allocated at the size claimed on the wire before the length is checked against the data actually received (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).
- Array fields in generated protocol parsers pre-allocate a list with the element count claimed on the wire, allowing a single count field to trigger a multi-gigabyte allocation. This parser is shared by all PLC4J drivers; the OPC UA driver is the verified pre-authentication path (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).
- The OPC UA driver accumulates message chunks without enforcing the negotiated maximum chunk count and message size (0.12.0 through 0.13.1).
- The OPC UA driver pre-allocates collections using element counts received from the server (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).
- Recursive protocol types are parsed without a nesting-depth limit. The same defect in the Go implementation is covered by CVE-2026-102510 https://cveprocess.apache.org/cve5/CVE-2026-102510 .
This issue affects Apache PLC4X: from 0.10.0 before 1.0.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value. This covers the byte strings (F2), the array counts (F4) and the element counts (f024).
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling. This covers the chunk accumulation (F3).
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion. This covers the nested mspec types (f045).
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
1 reference
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|---|---|
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Impacted products
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Affected:
0.10.0 , < 1.0.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-102409 (GCVE-0-2026-102409)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:31 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) in Elasticsearch can allow an authenticated user with low privileges to terminate an Elasticsearch node, resulting in denial of service, via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130).
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
elastic
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
9.2.0 , ≤ 9.2.8
(semver)
Affected: 9.3.0 , ≤ 9.3.8 (semver) Affected: 9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.7 (semver) Affected: 9.5.0 , ≤ 9.5.4 (semver) |
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Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.
Mitigation
Implementation
Increase the stack size.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.