Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-67181 (GCVE-0-2026-67181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 16:10 – Updated: 2026-07-28 16:35 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rouille 0.3.3 - 3.6.2 HTTP Request Smuggling via proxy Transfer-Encoding Header
Summary
Rouille 0.3.3 through 3.6.2 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize HTTP message boundaries by exploiting improper header forwarding in the proxy implementation. The proxy in src/proxy.rs forwards the client's Transfer-Encoding header to upstream backends unchanged while transmitting a body already de-chunked by tiny_http, enabling CL.TE desynchronization attacks where attackers control where the backend believes the request body ends.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-28 16:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/theopaid/HTTP-Request-Smugglin… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rouille-http… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-66752 (GCVE-0-2026-66752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 15:44 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
tiny-http 0.12.0 HTTP Request Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding Handling
Summary
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Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-28 17:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/theopaid/HTTP-Request-Smugglin… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tiny-http-ht… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-66357 (GCVE-0-2026-66357)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:40 – Updated: 2026-09-08 01:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
inets,httpd:HTTP Request Smuggling via obs-fold Header Continuation
Summary
httpd has never implemented obs-fold (RFC 2616 §2.2 / RFC 7230 §3.2.4 header continuation lines). Every CRLF followed by a non-CRLF octet unconditionally starts a new header. This missing feature became a security concern as the understanding of HTTP request smuggling attacks evolved.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 27.3.4.17, from OTP 28.0 before OTP 28.5.0.6, and from OTP 29.0 before OTP 29.0.6, corresponding to inets from 5.10 before 9.3.2.7, from 9.4 before 9.6.2.3, and from 9.7 before 9.7.2. Whether OTP before OTP 17.0, corresponding to inets before 5.10, is affected is unknown.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
EEF
CNA
References
6 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlang | OTP |
Unknown:
0 , < 17.0
(otp)
Affected: 17.0 , < 27.3.4.17 (otp) Affected: 28.0 , < 28.5.0.6 (otp) Affected: 29.0 , < 29.0.6 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10
(otp)
Affected: 5.10 , < 9.3.2.7 (otp) Affected: 9.4 , < 9.6.2.3 (otp) Affected: 9.7 , < 9.7.2 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 , < *
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-66338 (GCVE-0-2026-66338)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-24 23:01 – Updated: 2026-11-06 19:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libsoup: libsoup: http request smuggling via permissive chunk-size parsing in soup_body_input_stream_read_chunked()
Summary
A flaw was found in libsoup. The chunked transfer encoding parser uses a permissive parsing function for chunk sizes that silently accepts inputs violating RFC 9112, including leading whitespace, plus sign prefixes, and trailing invalid characters. When libsoup operates behind a strict frontend proxy, this parsing differential can be exploited to smuggle HTTP requests.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-27 14:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-66338 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2506950 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
Date Public
2026-06-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-63718 (GCVE-0-2026-63718)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 16:17 – Updated: 2026-10-01 20:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server: mod_proxy_uwsgi Transfer-Encoding response smuggling
Summary
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') response smuggling vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server via mod_proxy_uwsgi and a crafted uwsgi response with Transfer-Encoding.
This issue affects Apache HTTP Server: from 2.4.30 through 2.4.68.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 19:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4.30 , ≤ 2.4.68
(semver)
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CVE-2026-63385 (GCVE-0-2026-63385)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:55 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libevent: HTTP header handling bugs create risk of access control bypass.
Summary
Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent has two HTTP parsing weaknesses in http.c. evhttp_decode_uri_internal decodes percent-encoded %00 bytes into literal NUL characters, which can cause downstream C string operations to truncate a path and bypass validation performed on a different representation. evhttp_header_is_valid_value also accepts obsolete line folding in header values containing carriage return or line feed characters, allowing a proxy and libevent to interpret headers differently and enabling header injection or access control bypass. The CRLF header acceptance is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, but the reviewed patches do not clearly remediate the URI NUL-truncation condition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 20:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/758be… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/9170d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-63382 (GCVE-0-2026-63382)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:51 – Updated: 2026-08-20 19:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
libevent evhttp: Multiple HTTP Parser Bugs Enable Request Smuggling
Summary
Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, the libevent evhttp parser in http.c inconsistently handles duplicate Transfer-Encoding headers, comma-separated Transfer-Encoding values, and bare line feeds in chunked framing. evhttp_find_header can select only the first header, evhttp_check_transfer_encoding_ was absent so the previous whole-string comparison fails to recognize valid lists ending in chunked, and evhttp_handle_chunked_read uses EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF rather than EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF_STRICT, accepting bare LF chunk terminators. When libevent is deployed behind a proxy that frames the same request differently, an unauthenticated remote attacker can desynchronize request boundaries and smuggle a second request, potentially bypassing access controls or poisoning caches. This issue is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 19:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/10abb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/5119c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/83ba6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/ac387… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-63379 (GCVE-0-2026-63379)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:55 – Updated: 2026-08-25 15:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libevent: HTTP Header smuggling
Summary
Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent processes chunked HTTP trailers in http.c through evhttp_read_trailer and merges them into request headers. The fix introduces evhttp_parse_headers_impl_ and a temporary trailer header list. An unauthenticated remote attacker can place security-sensitive fields in trailers so that an upstream proxy and the libevent application interpret different effective headers, enabling header smuggling, authorization bypass, proxy-header spoofing, or cache poisoning. The fix parses trailers into a temporary header list and discards them instead of merging them into req->input_headers. This issue is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 15:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/87e8e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/commit/b8470… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-62899 (GCVE-0-2026-62899)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 17:04 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
.NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 13:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | .NET 10.0 runtime |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.11
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | .NET 8.0 runtime |
Affected:
8.0.0 , < 8.0.30
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | .NET 9.0 runtime |
Affected:
9.0.0 , < 9.0.19
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14 |
Affected:
17.14.0 , < 17.14.38
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2026 version 18.8 |
Affected:
18.0 , < 18.8.3
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-08-11 14:00
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CVE-2026-61642 (GCVE-0-2026-61642)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 16:29 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Squid Request Smuggling in HTTP Transfer-Encoding
Summary
Squid is a caching proxy for the Web. From 3.3.0.1 to before 7.6, due to an improper enforcement of behavioral workflow bug, Squid is vulnerable to a Request Smuggling attack against HTTP/1.1 Transfer-Encoding. HTTP header parsing (`src/HttpHeader.cc`) accepted the bare` Transfer-Encoding:` identity form, which the HTTP specification prohibits because any transfer coding must be wrapped within chunked encoding. This problem allows a trusted client to perform an HTTP Request Smuggling attack when HTTP/1.1 is used, bypassing security mechanisms that may be in place between attacker and Squid. When there is an HTTP cache operating prior to the affected Squid, this Request Smuggling attack also allows the attacker to poison that web cache and store arbitrary malicious content at any URL for delivery to other clients' future requests. This issue is fixed in version 7.6.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/pull/2427 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/pull/2431 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/commit/d06f4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/commit/d808a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| squid-cache | squid |
Affected:
>= 3.3.0.1, < 7.6
|
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"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-61642",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-13T17:54:12.882325Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T17:54:31.020Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "squid",
"vendor": "squid-cache",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 3.3.0.1, \u003c 7.6"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Squid is a caching proxy for the Web. From 3.3.0.1 to before 7.6, due to an improper enforcement of behavioral workflow bug, Squid is vulnerable to a Request Smuggling attack against HTTP/1.1 Transfer-Encoding. HTTP header parsing (`src/HttpHeader.cc`) accepted the bare` Transfer-Encoding:` identity form, which the HTTP specification prohibits because any transfer coding must be wrapped within chunked encoding. This problem allows a trusted client to perform an HTTP Request Smuggling attack when HTTP/1.1 is used, bypassing security mechanisms that may be in place between attacker and Squid. When there is an HTTP cache operating prior to the affected Squid, this Request Smuggling attack also allows the attacker to poison that web cache and store arbitrary malicious content at any URL for delivery to other clients\u0027 future requests. This issue is fixed in version 7.6."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-444",
"description": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T16:29:37.325Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/security/advisories/GHSA-537g-4gfh-w7m6",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/security/advisories/GHSA-537g-4gfh-w7m6"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/pull/2427",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/pull/2427"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/pull/2431",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/pull/2431"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/commit/d06f48de8b8cc9a378cb91ecfe8e89b6e81696d2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/commit/d06f48de8b8cc9a378cb91ecfe8e89b6e81696d2"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/commit/d808a7c825a70275113790471135c9c4d547ee51",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/commit/d808a7c825a70275113790471135c9c4d547ee51"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/releases/tag/SQUID_7_6",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/releases/tag/SQUID_7_6"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-537g-4gfh-w7m6",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Squid Request Smuggling in HTTP Transfer-Encoding"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-61642",
"datePublished": "2026-10-13T16:29:37.325Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-10T17:38:57.112Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T17:54:31.020Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.