Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-93569 (GCVE-0-2026-93569)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 14:27 – Updated: 2026-11-06 17:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Io.netty/netty-codec-http2: http/1 absolute-form host mismatch is translated to http/2 :authority, overriding the request-target authority
Summary
A flaw was found in Netty. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit a vulnerability in Netty's HTTP/1 to HTTP/2 conversion process. When an HTTP/1 request includes both an absolute-form request-target and a conflicting Host header, Netty incorrectly prioritizes the Host header for the HTTP/2 :authority field, discarding the original request-target authority. This inconsistency can allow an attacker to bypass security controls in Netty-based proxies or gateways, potentially leading to unauthorized access, cache poisoning, or misrouting of requests.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 14:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:69440 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:69470 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:70257 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:83612 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95221 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95759 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95760 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95761 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95762 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-93569 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2536962 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
22 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Apache Camel 3.33.3.SP2 |
Unaffected:
4.1.138.Final-redhat-00001 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_quarkus:3.33 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Debezium 3.6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:3.6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4.17-2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4-29 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4-30 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.17 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6.8-2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6-24 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.27.5.SP2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3.27::el8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.33.3.SP2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3.33::el8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_xp:6.0
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_quarkus:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apicurio_registry:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-09-10 00:51
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CVE-2026-93003 (GCVE-0-2026-93003)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 15:24 – Updated: 2026-10-20 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NetX Duo Web HTTP server interprets request body content as HTTP header fields
Summary
The Web add-on's HTTP server searches the entire request packet for header fields instead of stopping at the end of the header section. A header field name placed in the request body is therefore reported to the server as though it were a header, which lets a client control request framing decisions it should not be able to reach.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 17:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
eclipse
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse ThreadX - NetX Duo |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.5.1.202602
(semver)
Unaffected: 6.5.2.202603 |
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CVE-2026-91920 (GCVE-0-2026-91920)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 01:16 – Updated: 2026-11-06 01:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Undertow: undertow: chunkreader message length permits chunk-size overflow
Summary
A flaw was found in the ChunkReader component of the Undertow web server, which is used to handle chunked transfer encoding in HTTP requests. The issue occurs because a security check for the chunk size is performed before the value is shifted, allowing a specifically crafted 15-digit chunk size to bypass the limit and overflow into internal state flags. This can cause the server to terminate a request body prematurely and interpret the remaining data as a separate, smuggled request.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-91920 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2528758 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-10-29 12:11
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CVE-2026-89044 (GCVE-0-2026-89044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 17:39 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netty 4.1.133.Final through 4.1.137.Final and 4.2.13.Final through 4.2.17.Final HTTP Request Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding
Summary
Netty versions 4.1.133.Final through 4.1.137.Final and 4.2.13.Final through 4.2.17.Final fail to properly validate the final transfer coding in the Transfer-Encoding header, allowing attackers to smuggle requests by using malformed encoding declarations. Attackers can split Transfer-Encoding headers across multiple lines or use values like 'chunked, xchunked' to bypass validation and decode messages as chunked when the final coding is not chunked, enabling request smuggling attacks.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/ca87393b0e9… | patch |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/640d4d3324f… | patch |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/netty-4.1.137… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/netty/netty | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netty-4.1.13… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-20 00:00
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CVE-2026-88829 (GCVE-0-2026-88829)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 10:00 – Updated: 2026-10-15 15:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Busybox: busybox: http request smuggling via pipelined requests in httpd reverse proxy
Summary
A flaw was found in BusyBox httpd's reverse proxy feature. When the proxy is configured to forward requests matching a URL prefix to a backend server, only the first HTTP request on a TCP connection has its path rewritten. An attacker can send a pipelined second request that is relayed verbatim to the backend, bypassing the configured path restrictions. This allows accessing arbitrary paths on the backend server that were not intended to be exposed through the proxy.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 13:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-88829 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2531343 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
|
Date Public
2026-10-14 08:00
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CVE-2026-88773 (GCVE-0-2026-88773)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-27 16:20 – Updated: 2026-09-29 15:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Request Smuggling
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests ('HTTP Request/Response smuggling') vulnerability in Citrix NetScaler ADC and Citrix NetScaler Gateway.
This issue affects ADC: before 14.1-73.37, before 13.1-64.23, before 14.1-73.37 FIPS, and before 13.1-37.279 and NDcPP; Gateway: before 14.1-73.37 FIPS and before 13.1-64.23.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 15:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests ('HTTP Request/Response smuggling')
Assigner
NetScaler
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citrix NetScaler | ADC |
Affected:
0 , < 14.1-73.37
(Patch)
Affected: 0 , < 13.1-64.23 (Patch) Affected: 0 , < 14.1-73.37 FIPS (Patch) Affected: 0 , < 13.1-37.279 and NDcPP (Patch) |
|
| Citrix NetScaler | Gateway |
Affected:
0 , < 14.1-73.37 FIPS
(Patch)
Affected: 0 , < 13.1-64.23 (Patch) |
Date Public
2026-09-27 15:30
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CVE-2026-88092 (GCVE-0-2026-88092)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 19:01 – Updated: 2026-10-31 18:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ASP.NET Core Tampering Vulnerability
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 10.0 |
Affected:
10.0 , < 10.0.13
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 11.0 |
Affected:
11.0 , < 11.0.0-rc.2
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 8.0 |
Affected:
8.0 , < 8.0.32
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | ASP.NET Core 9.0 |
Affected:
9.0 , < 9.0.21
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14 |
Affected:
17.14.0 , < 17.14.42
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2026 version 18.10 |
Affected:
18.10.0 , < 18.10.4
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-13 14:00
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CVE-2026-88009 (GCVE-0-2026-88009)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 15:01 – Updated: 2026-09-10 15:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Traefik: Rootless HTTP/1 request-target routes as "/" but is forwarded verbatim, bypassing path-scoped routing, middleware guards and access logging
Summary
Traefik is an open source HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 2.11.57, and 3.7.13, Traefik accepts a rootless HTTP/1 request target that Go stores in URL.Opaque while leaving URL.Path empty. The rewriteRequestBuilder path evaluates routing, path sanitization, forwardAuth, encodedCharacters, and access logging against a path normalized to / but forwards URL.Opaque verbatim to the backend, allowing cross-vhost routing bypass, path-scoped authorization bypass, and access-log evasion when the backend interprets the opaque target as a path. This issue is fixed in 2.11.57 and 3.7.13.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 15:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/pull/13796 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/58d1e9c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.13 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-88008 (GCVE-0-2026-88008)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 14:57 – Updated: 2026-09-10 16:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Traefik: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') and Incorrect Authorization
Summary
Traefik is an open source HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From 2.11.26 until 2.11.57 and 3.7.13, Traefik forwards a client-supplied Connection header requesting Upgrade, the Upgrade: h2c token, and HTTP2-Settings to a shared backend. If the backend accepts h2c and returns 101 Switching Protocols, Traefik enters a raw tunnel and no longer applies routers, BasicAuth, ForwardAuth, IPAllowList, RateLimit, access logging, metrics, or tracing to later HTTP/2 requests, allowing an unauthenticated request through an unprotected route to reach protected paths on the same backend. This issue is fixed in 2.11.57 and 3.7.13.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 16:54 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/pull/13797 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/a277e94… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.13 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-86350 (GCVE-0-2026-86350)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 11:31 – Updated: 2026-09-23 16:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Tomcat: Regression in fix for CVE-2026-41293 can trigger request header mix-up
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP/2 requests ('HTTP Request/Response smuggling') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat caused by a regression in fix for CVE-2026-41293 can trigger request header mix-up.
This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.22 through 11.0.25, from 10.1.55 through 10.1.59, from 9.0.118 through 9.0.121.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.26, 10.1.60 or 9.0.122, which fix the issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 16:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests ('HTTP Request/Response smuggling')
Assigner
apache
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/mss45z99lcdd5dtpg… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Tomcat |
Affected:
11.0.22 , ≤ 11.0.25
(semver)
Affected: 10.1.55 , ≤ 10.1.59 (semver) Affected: 9.0.118 , ≤ 9.0.121 (semver) |
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Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.