Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-409

Allowed

Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.

176 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-85721 (GCVE-0-2026-85721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 15:55 – Updated: 2026-09-17 17:22
VLAI
Title
AsyncHttpClient: Unbounded HTTP/1.1 response decompression enables a decompression-bomb denial of service
Summary
The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.0.0 until 2.16.1 and 3.0.12, automatic response decompression on the HTTP/1.1 path uses ChannelManager.newHttpContentDecompressor() to install Http1ContentDecompressor without a cumulative output-size limit. A hostile or compromised server, or an attacker who can alter a response in transit, can send a small gzip, deflate, or snappy response that expands across chunks until the client exhausts its heap and raises OutOfMemoryError; brotli and zstd are also affected when their optional codecs are present. In versions 3.0.8 through 3.0.10, the HTTP/2 decompressor is also unbounded, so switching protocols does not mitigate the issue on those releases. A limit applied to each decode call is insufficient because the response can be delivered as many small chunks, so the fixed implementation tracks total decompressed bytes for the whole response. This issue is fixed in versions 2.16.1 and 3.0.12.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 17:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsyncHttpClient async-http-client Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.16.1
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.12
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-84384 (GCVE-0-2026-84384)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 15:58 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:30
VLAI
Title
libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS
Summary
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
strukturag libheif Affected: >= 1.19.0, < 1.23.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-84382 (GCVE-0-2026-84382)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 18:03 – Updated: 2026-09-03 14:31
VLAI
Title
HTTPX2: Streaming response decompression does not bound peak memory (decompression amplification)
Summary
HTTPX2 is a next generation HTTP client for Python. Prior to 2.12.0, the HTTPX2 content decoders in src/httpx2/httpx2/_decoders.py fully inflate each gzip, deflate, br, or zstd network chunk before iter_bytes() or aiter_bytes() yields bounded pieces to the application. A 64 KiB compressed chunk can expand to approximately 64 MiB in one intermediate allocation, so an attacker-controlled or compromised server can cause severe memory pressure or out-of-memory process termination even when the application streams the response. This issue is fixed in version 2.12.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-03 14:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pydantic httpx2 Affected: < 2.12.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-84161 (GCVE-0-2026-84161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 10:48 – Updated: 2026-11-06 10:48
VLAI
Title
Authenticated remote denial of service through unbounded zlib decompression in storeAnalysisStatistics
Summary
When an operator enables store.analysis_statistics_dir, a network client with PRODUCT_STORE permission for a product can call that product's storeAnalysisStatistics Thrift-over-HTTP method. CodeChecker 6.29.0 decodes the attacker-controlled Base64 string and passes the complete compressed input to one-shot zlib.decompress(). No maximum decompressed size is enforced. This gives a correctly authorized, non-superuser store account a high-ratio memory and persistent-disk amplification primitive. The complete output is first materialized as a Python bytes object and is then written to the configured statistics directory. A sufficiently scaled payload can exhaust the API worker or host memory and impair CodeChecker availability. The shipped value of store.analysis_statistics_dir is null, so the affected feature is disabled by default. The primary assessment does not rely on authentication being disabled. There is no authorization bypass and no path traversal in this report.
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper handling of highly compressed data (data amplification)
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of resources without limits or throttling
Assigner
ERIC CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ericsson CodeChecker Affected: 0 , < 6.29.3 (semver)
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-83599 (GCVE-0-2026-83599)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 16:54 – Updated: 2026-09-22 17:43
VLAI
Title
Netdata: WebSocket Decompression Bomb
Summary
Netdata is an open source observability tool. Prior to 2.11.0, Netdata's unauthenticated WebSocket server negotiates permessage-deflate before authentication, and src/web/websocket/websocket-compression.c allows websocket_client_decompress_message() to grow decompressed output toward WS_MAX_DECOMPRESSED_SIZE without enforcing a compressed-to-decompressed ratio. Small highly compressed frames can therefore cause large server-side allocations, and repeated concurrent connections can exhaust memory and terminate monitoring. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 17:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netdata netdata Affected: < 2.11.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-82864 (GCVE-0-2026-82864)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 08:46 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:25
VLAI
Title
pdfme pdf-lib before 5.5.10 Denial of Service via Decompression Bomb
Summary
pdfme pdf-lib versions before 5.5.10 contain an unbounded buffer growth vulnerability in the DecodeStream.ensureBuffer() method that allows attackers to cause denial of service by supplying a crafted PDF with a FlateDecode stream containing a decompression bomb. Attackers can upload a small compressed PDF that decompresses to hundreds of megabytes, exhausting memory and crashing the Node.js process or freezing browser tabs during PDF parsing.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 16:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pdfme pdf-lib Affected: 0 , < 5.5.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.5.10 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:pdflib:pdflib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-20 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-82520 (GCVE-0-2026-82520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 20:39 – Updated: 2026-11-08 14:09 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
parsedmarc < 11.0.1 Zip Bomb DoS via Compressed Email Attachments
Summary
parsedmarc before 11.0.1 decompresses gzip and ZIP attachments in a single unbounded read with no limit on decompressed output size. Because parsedmarc automatically processes incoming DMARC report emails without user interaction, an unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted email with a highly compressed attachment to the monitored mailbox, causing the parsedmarc process to allocate memory proportional to the uncompressed size and exhaust available RAM.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-04 18:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
domainaware parsedmarc Affected: 0 , < 11.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-81875 (GCVE-0-2026-81875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:44 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:14
VLAI
Title
HAPI FHIR: SHCParser unbounded DEFLATE decompression causes denial of service
Summary
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to version 6.9.12, SHCParser in org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/elementmodel/SHCParser.java can consume attacker-controlled Smart Health Card JWT content whose header contains zip: "DEF" and whose small raw-DEFLATE payload expands to a very large value. SHCParser.decodeJWT() passes the decoded payload to SHCParser.inflate(), which accumulates all decompressed bytes in a ByteArrayOutputStream without an output-size limit before JSON parsing, and SHCParser.decompress() contains the same unbounded pattern. An application or validator service that accepts attacker-supplied SHC content can therefore suffer excessive heap allocation, severe garbage-collection pressure, request failure, process instability, or process termination. This issue is fixed in version 6.9.12.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 16:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hapifhir org.hl7.fhir.core Affected: < 6.9.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-80189 (GCVE-0-2026-80189)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 23:18 – Updated: 2026-08-29 11:48
VLAI
Title
LeafWiki 0.10.0 through 0.12.0 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Unbounded ZIP Extraction
Summary
LeafWiki extracts an uploaded ZIP archive without limiting how much data it will write. ZipExtractor.ExtractToDir in internal/importer/zip_extractor.go opens each entry and copies it to the destination with io.Copy, which runs to the end of the decompressed stream, so only the size of the uploaded archive is bounded and the size it expands to is not. The import route that reaches this code requires the Editor or Admin role, and the upload itself is capped at 500 MiB compressed. Because a ZIP entry can compress at a very high ratio, an archive well inside that cap can expand to hundreds of gigabytes as it is written out. The extraction directory defaults to a location under the operating system temporary directory, so the written data consumes the disk backing that path, which on a tmpfs-backed temporary directory is memory. A user holding the Editor role can therefore exhaust the storage the service depends on and keep it from serving, using far more resource than the upload limit alone would permit.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
perber leafwiki Affected: 0.10.0 , < 0.12.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79695 (GCVE-0-2026-79695)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 11:31 – Updated: 2026-09-14 13:09
VLAI
Summary
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to denial of service.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 13:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
dell CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.00 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Appliance Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.16 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-31 06:30
Show details on NVD website

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.