Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-407

Allowed-with-Review

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

260 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-114138 (GCVE-0-2026-114138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 20:09 – Updated: 2026-10-28 18:11
VLAI
Title
Django REST framework: Accept header with many large quoted parameters burns ~19s of CPU per request in content negotiation
Summary
Django REST framework is a toolkit for building Web APIs. Prior to 3.18.2, DefaultContentNegotiation.get_accept_list in rest_framework/negotiation.py accepts an unbounded number and aggregate size of Accept tokens, while select_renderer in that file repeatedly invokes _MediaType parsing from rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py for each attacker-controlled token, every renderer, and forced 406 renegotiation. A remote unauthenticated client can send many distinct media types containing large quoted parameter values with numerous semicolons, causing Django's parameter parser and DRF's repeated parsing structure to consume disproportionate CPU. Requests to any reachable endpoint can pin synchronous workers for prolonged periods, and concurrent requests can make the service unavailable until the requests stop. This issue is fixed in version 3.18.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 18:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-114129 (GCVE-0-2026-114129)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 17:34 – Updated: 2026-10-28 17:16
VLAI
Title
stream-json: FlexAssembler string/RegExp path filters join the full key stack per container start, giving O(depth^2) CPU denial of service
Summary
stream-json is a micro-library of stream components for processing JSON and JSONC with a minimal memory footprint. From 2.0.0 until 3.7.0, FlexAssembler compiles string and regular-expression path filters into matchers that join the full key stack on every container start. Because the key stack grows with unbounded object or array nesting, a document nested to depth D causes D joins whose cost grows with the current depth, resulting in quadratic CPU consumption on the single-threaded event loop. The join occurs before the rule match decision, so the attacker does not need to know the target schema. Consumers using only function filters or no rules are not affected. A crafted nested document can stall all concurrent work in a process that feeds it to an affected FlexAssembler. This issue is fixed in 3.7.0, which adds a default maximum depth.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 17:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
uhop stream-json Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 3.7.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-113789 (GCVE-0-2026-113789)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 15:33 – Updated: 2026-10-28 16:42
VLAI
Title
pypdf: Possible long runtimes/large memory usage when retrieving form fields
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.21.0, an attacker can craft a PDF that causes large memory usage or long runtimes when an application retrieves the document's form fields. This issue is fixed in version 6.21.0.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 16:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-113729 (GCVE-0-2026-113729)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 21:17 – Updated: 2026-10-27 11:07
VLAI
Title
Moov signedxml: Unauthenticated denial of service in exclusive XML canonicalization
Summary
Moov signedxml is a pure Go library for processing signed XML documents. Prior to 1.4.1, ExclusiveCanonicalization in exclusivecanonicalization.go copies the complete accumulated namespace map at every nested element before reference digest or signature checks. Attacker-controlled XML containing deeply nested elements with many unused namespace declarations causes quadratic allocation growth with depth and linear growth with prefixes per level, allowing a comparatively small document to consume multiple gigabytes of memory and terminate the process. The condition is reachable through ValidateReferences without a valid signature, matching certificate, or prior authentication, and it does not bypass signature verification. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-27 11:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
moov-io signedxml Affected: < 1.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-113436 (GCVE-0-2026-113436)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 13:31 – Updated: 2026-10-26 15:35
VLAI
Title
Quadratic bignum parsing of Content-Length and Host port values in Bandit
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in the header integer parser of mtrudel bandit allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to consume server CPU via a content-length value or a Host or :authority port made of thousands of digits. Bandit.Headers.parse_integer/2 in lib/bandit/headers.ex builds the number one digit at a time with no limit on the digit count, allocating a new bignum at each step, so one value costs time quadratic in its length. It runs on raw request input over HTTP/1 and HTTP/2, before any range check. Over HTTP/2, a 4,000-digit value can be stored once in the HPACK dynamic table and re-sent on each new stream for about one byte: 124 KB of traffic kept the server busy for 27.9 s. This issue affects bandit: from 1.0.0-pre.7 before 1.14.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 15:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
EEF CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mtrudel bandit Affected: 1.0.0-pre.7 , < 1.14.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
mtrudel bandit Affected: e0c8c0c30af9b0f57d8aafac37ddd9294363a8be , < 220b9dfd27f9a21305be2afc75cbe585ddc24e7a (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peter Ullrich Mat Trudel Jonatan Männchen / EEF
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-112894 (GCVE-0-2026-112894)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 21:55 – Updated: 2026-10-20 14:46
VLAI
Title
Pillow: Quadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)
Summary
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.1.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow takes quadratic time to reserve PDF object identifiers when saving many frames with save_all enabled. PdfParser.next_object_id() repeatedly rebuilds and scans all previously reserved identifiers for every object. An attacker can supply a multi-frame image, including a small APNG with a large declared frame count, to an application that converts it to a multipage PDF. This can consume excessive CPU and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 14:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-pillow Pillow Affected: >= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-112891 (GCVE-0-2026-112891)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 21:33 – Updated: 2026-10-20 13:54
VLAI
Title
Pillow: Quadratic GIF comment copying during save
Summary
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 9.2.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow performs quadratic copying when saving a GIF with a long comment. _get_global_header() repeatedly copies portions of comment data while assembling the global header, including comments retained from an untrusted input image. An attacker can supply an image with a large GIF comment to an application that saves it as GIF. This can consume excessive CPU and delay or deny service. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 13:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-pillow Pillow Affected: >= 9.2.0, < 13.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-112401 (GCVE-0-2026-112401)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 21:15 – Updated: 2026-10-20 16:09
VLAI
Title
Pillow: Quadratic GIF comment concatenation allows DoS in Image.open()
Summary
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.4.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow performs quadratic copying while parsing GIF comments. GifImageFile._seek() repeatedly appends immutable bytes for comment sub-blocks and multiple comment extensions, and frame zero is parsed during Image.open(). An attacker can submit a small-dimension GIF containing many comment extensions to any application that opens the file. This can consume excessive CPU and deny service before the application can inspect the image. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 15:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-pillow Pillow Affected: >= 5.4.0, < 13.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-111766 (GCVE-0-2026-111766)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 19:47 – Updated: 2026-10-26 17:37
VLAI
Title
markdown-it: Quadratic-time denial of service in inline HTML parsing with html enabled
Summary
markdown-it is a Markdown parser. Prior to 14.3.3 and 15.0.3, when the html option or commonmark preset is enabled and the constructs occur inside a paragraph, attacker-controlled Markdown containing repeated unterminated inline HTML comments, processing instructions, declarations, or CDATA sections reaches src/rules_inline/html_inline.ts. Its HTML_TAG_RE match searches the remaining suffix for the appropriate terminator; when no terminator is present, parsing advances to the next opener and repeats the match over overlapping input, causing quadratic processing and denial of service through event-loop blocking or an unresponsive browser main thread. HTML blocks and the default HTML-disabled configuration are not affected by these payloads. This issue is fixed in versions 14.3.3 and 15.0.3.
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 17:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
markdown-it markdown-it Affected: >= 15.0.0, < 15.0.3
Affected: < 14.3.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-111759 (GCVE-0-2026-111759)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 17:39 – Updated: 2026-10-19 18:22
VLAI
Title
markdown-it: Quadratic complexity in smartquotes with unmatched closing quotes
Summary
markdown-it is a Markdown parser. Prior to 14.3.2 and 15.0.2, when typographer: true is enabled, specially crafted Markdown can cause quadratic processing time in the smartquotes rule, potentially leading to denial of service in applications processing untrusted input. Many opening double quotes followed by unmatched closing single quotes cause repeated scans of the entire opener stack. The same issue occurs with the quote types reversed. The default configuration (typographer: false) is not affected, but this option is enabled with high probability. This issue is fixed in versions 14.3.2 and 15.0.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 18:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
markdown-it markdown-it Affected: >= 15.0.0, < 15.0.2
Affected: < 14.3.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:22:54.696Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/security/advisories/GHSA-r7fv-28h4-cvq7"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "markdown-it",
          "vendor": "markdown-it",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 15.0.0, \u003c 15.0.2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 14.3.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "markdown-it is a Markdown parser. Prior to 14.3.2 and 15.0.2, when typographer: true is enabled, specially crafted Markdown can cause quadratic processing time in the smartquotes rule, potentially leading to denial of service in applications processing untrusted input. Many opening double quotes followed by unmatched closing single quotes cause repeated scans of the entire opener stack. The same issue occurs with the quote types reversed. The default configuration (typographer: false) is not affected, but this option is enabled with high probability. This issue is fixed in versions 14.3.2 and 15.0.2."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T17:46:20.544Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/security/advisories/GHSA-r7fv-28h4-cvq7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/security/advisories/GHSA-r7fv-28h4-cvq7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/1b379c1b6d0522421bd1a51b77337c79af2c8670",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/1b379c1b6d0522421bd1a51b77337c79af2c8670"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/cf27366035edf9196667110c47d9d67b030a4152",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/cf27366035edf9196667110c47d9d67b030a4152"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/daf5a3c32303e5d9de01b12eeb725fb5990b8162",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/daf5a3c32303e5d9de01b12eeb725fb5990b8162"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releases/tag/14.3.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releases/tag/14.3.2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releases/tag/15.0.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/releases/tag/15.0.2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-r7fv-28h4-cvq7",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "markdown-it: Quadratic complexity in smartquotes with unmatched closing quotes"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-111759",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-19T17:39:10.264Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-16T17:52:09.081Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:22:54.696Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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