Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-294

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).

189 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-123801 (GCVE-0-2026-123801)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 18:18 – Updated: 2026-11-09 18:18
VLAI
Title
SuperTokens Core: SAML callback accepts a replayed RelayState + SAMLResponse, minting a fresh authorization code on each replay
Summary
SuperTokens Core is an open source authentication server. From 11.3.0 until 11.3.8, 11.4.8, 12.0.11, 12.1.2, 12.2.1, and 12.3.1, SAML.handleCallback does not consume RelayState, record assertion identifiers, or enforce Response.InResponseTo. In the SP-initiated flow, an attacker who obtains a legitimately issued, still-valid SAML response and its matching RelayState can resubmit the pair to /recipe/saml/callback before the assertion's NotOnOrAfter time; in the IdP-initiated flow, the assertion can be replayed without RelayState. The missing Response.InResponseTo check also permits an in-progress login to be completed with an assertion for a different identity and fails to enforce allowIDPInitiatedLogin=false. The callback does not validate Destination or SubjectConfirmationData Recipient and NotOnOrAfter, and each accepted callback mints a fresh, independently redeemable authorization code carrying the captured user's identity. This issue is fixed in versions 11.3.8, 11.4.8, 12.0.11, 12.1.2, 12.2.1, and 12.3.1.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
  • CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
  • CWE-384 - Session Fixation
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
supertokens supertokens-core Affected: >= 11.3.0, < 11.3.8
Affected: >= 11.4.0, < 11.4.8
Affected: >= 12.0.0, < 12.0.11
Affected: >= 12.1.0, < 12.1.2
Affected: >= 12.2.0, < 12.2.1
Affected: >= 12.3.0, < 12.3.1
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-122220 (GCVE-0-2026-122220)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 20:09 – Updated: 2026-11-05 19:15 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WPO365 LOGIN before 45.2 SAML Replay Protection Bypass
Summary
WPO365 | LOGIN (wpo365-login) plugin before version 45.2 contains an authentication bypass by capture-replay vulnerability caused by a non-functional anti-replay check in Saml2_Service::check_message_id(), which never persists processed SAML message IDs to the wpo365_saml_message_ids transient due to a logic error that returns before saving. Attackers who capture a validly-signed SAMLResponse can replay it to the ACS endpoint repeatedly within its assertion validity window to log in as the victim, including administrators, without detection since the duplicate message ID check never triggers.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 19:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-04 00:00
Credits
buiih
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-121640 (GCVE-0-2026-121640)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 14:44 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:20
VLAI
Title
WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway Capture-replay Allows Unauthorized Administrative Actions
Summary
An Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway allows an attacker who has observed a legitimate request between AuthPoint Gateway components to replay it and perform unauthorized administrative actions, including disrupting authentication services.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 16:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WatchGuard AuthPoint Authentication Gateway Affected: 1.0 , < 7.6.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:authpoint_authentication_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
WatchGuard AI Security Research
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-117470 (GCVE-0-2026-117470)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 05:53 – Updated: 2026-11-04 15:01
VLAI
Title
WebAuthn assertion replay permits second-factor bypass in Psono Server
Summary
Psono Server CE & EE versions 3.1.0 through 7.2.3 did not consume a stored WebAuthn challenge after assertion verification. An unauthenticated remote attacker who possessed the user's password and one captured valid WebAuthn assertion could replay that assertion with separate login tokens while the stored challenge remained unchanged, bypassing the WebAuthn second factor. The attack required capture of a valid assertion and did not itself disclose plaintext secrets.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 14:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
esaqa CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
esaqa GmbH Psono Affected: 3.1.0 , < 7.2.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-27 00:00
Credits
Ryan Chaplin
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116825 (GCVE-0-2026-116825)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 23:05 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:47
VLAI
Title
YesWiki from 4.6.2 before 4.7.0 HTTP Signature Replay via ActivityPub Inbox
Summary
YesWiki from 4.6.2 before 4.7.0 lacks replay protection in HttpSignatureService::verifySignature(), which never validates the Date header or tracks seen signatures. Attackers who capture a signed request to the /api/forms/{formId}/actor/inbox endpoint can replay it later to re-execute Delete, Update, Follow, or Undo actions.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 18:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
YesWiki yeswiki Affected: 4.6.2 , < 4.7.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.7.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-12 00:00
Credits
manus-pi manus-use
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116201 (GCVE-0-2026-116201)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-29 20:02
VLAI
Title
Snipe-IT before 8.5.0 SAML Assertion Replay via Race Condition
Summary
Snipe-IT before 8.5.0 contains a SAML assertion replay vulnerability that allows attackers to reuse captured assertions by exploiting a non-atomic nonce check in the SAML acs handler. Attackers can send concurrent POST requests to /saml/acs with one captured assertion to obtain multiple authenticated victim sessions that evade IdP-driven revocation.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 20:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
grokability snipe-it Affected: 0 , < 8.5.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:snipeitapp:snipe-it:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-08 00:00
Credits
builtbybrayden snipe
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-114617 (GCVE-0-2026-114617)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 21:25 – Updated: 2026-10-23 15:00
VLAI
Title
Authlib: ID token can disable its own nonce validation via the nonce_supported claim
Summary
Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. Prior to 1.9.0, OpenIDMixin.parse_id_token() reads the nonce_supported decision from the untrusted ID token being validated and sets the expected nonce to null when that claim is the JSON boolean false. In implicit and hybrid relying parties, or applications that directly accept externally supplied ID tokens, an attacker with a captured validly signed token can bypass the nonce-to-session binding and replay the victim's token into an attacker-controlled session. Plain authorization code flow is not affected, and the token must still pass signature, issuer, and audience validation. OpenIDMixin.parse_id_token() trusts nonce_supported in both authlib/integrations/base_client/sync_openid.py and authlib/integrations/base_client/async_openid.py to disable the expected nonce. This issue is fixed in version 1.9.0.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-23 14:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
  • CWE-807 - Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
authlib authlib Affected: < 1.9.0
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-105485 (GCVE-0-2026-105485)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 18:18 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:00
VLAI
Summary
Authentication bypass OAuth device authorization flow in Devolutions Server 2026.3.7.0 and earlier allows a remote attacker to take over a user's account via replay of a captured device verification link by an authenticated victim.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication bypass by capture-replay
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Devolutions Server Affected: 0 , < 2026.3.8 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2026-104381 (GCVE-0-2026-104381)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 15:52 – Updated: 2026-11-04 20:27
VLAI
Title
Fireware OS Missing Authentication in FireCluster State Sync Allows BOVPN Tunnel Denial of Service
Summary
A missing authentication vulnerability in Fireware OS's FireCluster state synchronization feature allows an unauthenticated attacker positioned on the cluster synchronization network segment to force premature VPN tunnel termination by sending crafted cluster synchronization traffic.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WatchGuard Fireware OS Affected: 2025.1 , < 2026.4 (custom)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.12.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
WatchGuard Fireware OS Affected: 12.0 , < 12.5.22 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
WatchGuard AI Security Research
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-104105 (GCVE-0-2026-104105)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 20:37 – Updated: 2026-10-15 13:52
VLAI
Title
FileRise: TOTP codes are not single-use — valid 6-digit code can be replayed within its window (capture-replay)
Summary
FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.23.0, FileRise verifies that a TOTP code is valid for the accepted time window but does not record that the same account and time step already succeeded. An attacker who has the target account's valid primary credential and captures a TOTP code after its successful use can replay that code from another pending-login session before the window closes. The issue does not by itself disclose the primary credential or TOTP code. This issue is fixed in version 3.23.0.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 13:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
error311 FileRise Affected: < 3.23.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "url": "https://github.com/error311/FileRise/security/advisories/GHSA-9pg4-98cx-r82j"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/error311/FileRise/commit/cc1118923b522baff28dca05bdd79c27f984c68a",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/error311/FileRise/commit/cc1118923b522baff28dca05bdd79c27f984c68a"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/error311/FileRise/releases/tag/v3.23.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/error311/FileRise/releases/tag/v3.23.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9pg4-98cx-r82j",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "FileRise: TOTP codes are not single-use \u2014 valid 6-digit code can be replayed within its window (capture-replay)"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-104105",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-14T20:37:44.884Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T18:05:14.173Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T13:52:38.802Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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