Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
1567 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-112905 (GCVE-0-2026-112905)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 14:19 – Updated: 2026-11-04 22:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vvveb: Authenticated IDOR on admin/auth-token Allows Admin Privilege Escalation via API Token Theft
Summary
Vvveb is a powerful and easy to use CMS with page builder to build websites, blogs or ecommerce stores. Prior to version 1.0.8.7, authenticated IDOR on admin/auth-token endpoint allows any administrator to read and overwrite another administrator's API tokens. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.8.7.
Severity
9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 22:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/givanz/Vvveb/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-112188 (GCVE-0-2026-112188)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 09:22 – Updated: 2026-10-28 20:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP Server Settings Lookup Exposes Sensitive Configuration Data via Branch Name Resolution
Summary
MISP contains a vulnerability in its server settings lookup mechanism that allows an authenticated user to retrieve sensitive configuration data that should have been redacted.
The settings lookup function resolves a dotted setting name to a node in the configuration tree. When a branch name (such as Security, MISP, or Plugin) is supplied instead of a specific leaf setting, the function returns the entire sub-tree. Because a branch node does not carry a redaction flag, the redaction check in the settings retrieval endpoint is bypassed, and the full branch contents are returned to the caller. This exposes sensitive values including the security salt, Redis connection passwords, and plugin API keys.
A second endpoint that edits server settings similarly reads the entire configuration store when a branch name is resolved, returning all settings to the caller.
The impact is disclosure of sensitive server configuration secrets to any user who can access the server settings endpoints.
Affected versions: <2.5.48.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 09:21 UTC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 17:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CIRCL
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/30b849102 | patch |
Impacted products
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Human-reviewed
Confidence: medium
Model
qwen3.8:27b
1 event
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02bcp-05-x-03
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-10-19 09:21 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/30b849102.patch
70885748c270… - Confidence
- medium
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
30b849102c68
|
fix: [settings] Server setting lookups address one setting, | 70885748c270… |
Fix summary
The settings lookup function now validates that the resolved node is a leaf setting (has a 'level' property and is not an array representing a branch). If the resolved node is a branch or otherwise does not represent a single setting, the function returns false, indicating an invalid setting. This prevents the redaction check from being bypassed and stops the endpoints from returning entire configuration branches containing sensitive values.
Patch summary
In app/Model/Server.php, the getSettingData() method previously checked only for the presence of a 'level' key before returning the setting. The patch adds a guard clause: if the resolved setting is an array (i.e., a branch/sub-tree) or lacks the 'level' key, the function immediately returns false. The existing logic for setting the name and resolving options is then applied only to confirmed leaf settings. This ensures callers that assumed a single-setting result never receive a multi-key branch.
CVSS rationale
AV:N: MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L: The attack requires only substituting a branch name for a leaf setting name in an existing API call; no race conditions or complex timing are needed. AT:N: No manipulation of the target environment is required. PR:L: The attacker needs an authenticated account with access to the server settings endpoints; the exact privilege level (admin vs. regular user) is not confirmed in the patch, so Low is assumed. UI:N: No victim interaction is required. VC:H: Sensitive secrets (security salt, Redis passwords, plugin API keys) are fully disclosed. VI:N, VA:N: No integrity or availability impact is evidenced. SC:N, SI:N, SA:N: No impact on subsequent components is indicated.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-200 The settings endpoint returned sensitive configuration values (security salt, Redis passwords, plugin API keys) to a caller who requested a branch name, bypassing the intended redaction mechanism. The data was exposed to an actor who should not have had access to those specific values.
- CWE-285 The redaction check, which serves as an authorization control for sensitive setting values, was effectively bypassed because branch nodes do not carry a redacted flag. The system failed to enforce the intended access restriction on sensitive configuration data.
Attack pattern rationale
- CAPEC-124 The attacker manipulates the setting name parameter supplied to the settings lookup endpoint, substituting a branch name (e.g., 'Security') for a leaf setting name. This causes the application to return a broader data set than intended. CAPEC-124 is the closest match because the core technique is altering a request parameter to change the application's response scope. The mapping is approximate because the parameter is not a traditional HTTP parameter but an application-level setting identifier; no CAPEC specifically covers configuration-tree traversal.
Assumptions to verify
- The exact privilege level required to access the server settings endpoints (admin vs. any authenticated user) is not stated in the patch; PR:L is assumed as the most conservative defensible value.
- The affected version boundary is inferred from the tag_version_boundary metadata (v2.5.48 with 11 commits after fix); the exact last affected version and first fixed version are not explicitly confirmed.
- CAPEC-124 (Parameter Tampering) is the closest available attack pattern; no CAPEC specifically models configuration-tree branch traversal, so the mapping is approximate.
- The patch does not indicate whether unauthenticated access is possible; authentication is assumed based on the nature of server settings endpoints in MISP.
- The Co-Authored-By line references an AI tool (Claude Opus 5); it is listed as a tool credit rather than a human remediation developer.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
7 | 11 | medium | 5 |
- 2026-09-28 10:03 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (30b849102c687bb53919f1d5d20851bc20fafa4e): fix: [settings] Server setting lookups address one setting, https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/30b849102.patch
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CVE-2026-112045 (GCVE-0-2026-112045)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 03:00 – Updated: 2026-10-19 17:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
donetick History Deletion model.go CanDeleteHistory improper authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in donetick up to 0.1.82. The impacted element is the function CanDeleteHistory of the file internal/chore/model/model.go of the component History Deletion Handler. The manipulation of the argument AssignedTo results in improper authorization. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The project maintainer explains: "The concerns about "IDOR" framing seem to be overstated in my opinion (...), as Circle members are already trusted collaborators. We will address this issue. However, since the impact is limited to trusted members within the same circle, I would classify this as a bug rather than a security vulnerability."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 17:41 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421693 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421693/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112045 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1009027 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/donetick/donetick/issues/711 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/donetick/donetick/security/adv… | broken-link |
| https://github.com/donetick/donetick/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | donetick |
Affected:
0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1 Affected: 0.1.2 Affected: 0.1.3 Affected: 0.1.4 Affected: 0.1.5 Affected: 0.1.6 Affected: 0.1.7 Affected: 0.1.8 Affected: 0.1.9 Affected: 0.1.10 Affected: 0.1.11 Affected: 0.1.12 Affected: 0.1.13 Affected: 0.1.14 Affected: 0.1.15 Affected: 0.1.16 Affected: 0.1.17 Affected: 0.1.18 Affected: 0.1.19 Affected: 0.1.20 Affected: 0.1.21 Affected: 0.1.22 Affected: 0.1.23 Affected: 0.1.24 Affected: 0.1.25 Affected: 0.1.26 Affected: 0.1.27 Affected: 0.1.28 Affected: 0.1.29 Affected: 0.1.30 Affected: 0.1.31 Affected: 0.1.32 Affected: 0.1.33 Affected: 0.1.34 Affected: 0.1.35 Affected: 0.1.36 Affected: 0.1.37 Affected: 0.1.38 Affected: 0.1.39 Affected: 0.1.40 Affected: 0.1.41 Affected: 0.1.42 Affected: 0.1.43 Affected: 0.1.44 Affected: 0.1.45 Affected: 0.1.46 Affected: 0.1.47 Affected: 0.1.48 Affected: 0.1.49 Affected: 0.1.50 Affected: 0.1.51 Affected: 0.1.52 Affected: 0.1.53 Affected: 0.1.54 Affected: 0.1.55 Affected: 0.1.56 Affected: 0.1.57 Affected: 0.1.58 Affected: 0.1.59 Affected: 0.1.60 Affected: 0.1.61 Affected: 0.1.62 Affected: 0.1.63 Affected: 0.1.64 Affected: 0.1.65 Affected: 0.1.66 Affected: 0.1.67 Affected: 0.1.68 Affected: 0.1.69 Affected: 0.1.70 Affected: 0.1.71 Affected: 0.1.72 Affected: 0.1.73 Affected: 0.1.74 Affected: 0.1.75 Affected: 0.1.76 Affected: 0.1.77 Affected: 0.1.78 Affected: 0.1.79 Affected: 0.1.80 Affected: 0.1.81 Affected: 0.1.82 cpe:2.3:a:donetick:donetick:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-112043 (GCVE-0-2026-112043)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 02:30 – Updated: 2026-10-19 16:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
calcom cal.com/cal.diy Webhook util.ts createWebhookProcedure authorization
Summary
A weakness has been identified in calcom cal.com and cal.diy up to 6.2.0. Impacted is the function createWebhookProcedure of the file packages/trpc/server/routers/viewer/webhook/util.ts of the component Webhook Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to authorization bypass. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 16:35 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421691 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421691/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112043 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1009017 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/calcom/cal.diy/issues/29982 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/calcom/cal.diy/pull/30223 | issue-trackingpatch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-111913 (GCVE-0-2026-111913)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-17 18:46 – Updated: 2026-10-19 21:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Admidio 5.0.0 before 5.0.16 Authorization Bypass via pdfl Mode in lists_show.php
Summary
Admidio from 5.0.0 before 5.0.16 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated users to export lists despite export restrictions by requesting mode=pdfl. The groups_roles_export check in modules/groups-roles/lists_show.php omits pdfl, which later runs the pdf export, letting users with list view rights download member lists as PDF files.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 21:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Admidio/admidio/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/admidio-5.0.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
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CVE-2026-109962 (GCVE-0-2026-109962)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:27 – Updated: 2026-10-16 21:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Froxlor 0.10.0 before 2.3.14 Missing Authorization in MysqlServer and Cronjobs API
Summary
Froxlor 0.10.0 before 2.3.14 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows reseller accounts to read full-admin-only MySQL server and cronjob configuration via API read commands. Resellers can call MysqlServer.listing, MysqlServer.get, or Cronjobs.listing through api.php to obtain management usernames, hosts, ports, TLS settings, and cron metadata.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 21:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/froxlor-0.10… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
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CVE-2026-109605 (GCVE-0-2026-109605)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 15:45 – Updated: 2026-10-14 15:04 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Simple Cafe Billing System User Management admin_class.php save_user improper authorization
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Simple Cafe Billing System 1.0. This affects the function Action::save_user of the file admin_class.php of the component User Management. The manipulation of the argument Type leads to improper authorization. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 15:02 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/417228 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/417228/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-109605 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1000551 | third-party-advisory |
| https://tracexlabs.com/releases/billing-preauth-a… | exploitpatch |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Simple Cafe Billing System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:simple_cafe_billing_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-109116 (GCVE-0-2026-109116)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 08:45 – Updated: 2026-10-14 13:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AdithyaYelloju Restaurant-Management-System Order Management mysqli_query authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in AdithyaYelloju Restaurant-Management-System up to 7f0e7e84255e8fcfd488e83f8f91451bbbff6b9c. Impacted is the function mysqli_query of the component Order Management. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to authorization bypass. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 13:40 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416873 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416873/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-109116 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/955125 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/AdithyaYelloju/Restaurant-Mana… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/AdithyaYelloju/Restaurant-Mana… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AdithyaYelloju | Restaurant-Management-System |
Affected:
7f0e7e84255e8fcfd488e83f8f91451bbbff6b9c
cpe:2.3:a:adithyayelloju:restaurant-management-system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-108924 (GCVE-0-2026-108924)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 19:30 – Updated: 2026-10-16 17:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
getkirby Kirby Dynamic Option Generation OptionsQuery.php resolve authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in getkirby Kirby up to 4.9.5/5.5.3. Affected by this issue is the function OptionsQuery::resolve of the file src/Option/OptionsQuery.php of the component Dynamic Option Generation. The manipulation leads to authorization bypass. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. Upgrading to version 4.9.6 and 5.6.0 can resolve this issue. You should upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 16:31 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416748 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416748/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108924 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/997196 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/adviso… | related |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/adviso… | broken-link |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/4.9.6 | patch |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-108899 (GCVE-0-2026-108899)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 15:15 – Updated: 2026-10-13 15:20 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
tobychui zoraxy Path Exception Matcher authProviders.go handleBasicAuth improper authorization
Summary
A flaw has been found in tobychui zoraxy up to 3.3.4. This impacts the function handleBasicAuth of the file mod/dynamicproxy/authProviders.go of the component Path Exception Matcher. This manipulation of the argument PathPrefix causes improper authorization. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.3.5-rc1 will fix this issue. Patch name: 37cd0f27b17cd15cfa4af409bfec943146f5fdfe. Upgrading the affected component is advised.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 15:20 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416690 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416690/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108899 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/976047 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/carfeii/oss/blob/main/zoraxy.m… | exploit |
| https://github.com/tobychui/zoraxy/pull/1291 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/tobychui/zoraxy/commit/37cd0f2… | patch |
| https://github.com/tobychui/zoraxy/releases/tag/v… | patch |
| https://github.com/tobychui/zoraxy/ | product |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
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CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.