Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

5560 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-102875 (GCVE-0-2026-102875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 20:01 – Updated: 2026-09-30 13:50
VLAI
Title
VLC media player before 3.0.24 Path Traversal via skins2
Summary
VLC media player before 3.0.24 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the skins2 ThemeLoader that fails to validate member names in .vlt skin archives. Attackers can craft malicious skin files with path traversal sequences to write arbitrary files with VLC user privileges, enabling code execution through Lua script injection.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 13:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
videolan vlc Affected: 0 , < 3.0.24 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.0.24 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:videolan:vlc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-17 00:00
Credits
Fabian Wahle (Hap Security)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102843 (GCVE-0-2026-102843)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 01:00 – Updated: 2026-10-02 12:48
VLAI
Title
gedelumbung HospitalManagement Endpoint data_galeri.php hapus path traversal
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in gedelumbung HospitalManagement up to c2d45543789a3887067d3915f69d44cfc2cf76a8. This affects the function hapus of the file application/modules/admin/controllers/data_galeri.php of the component Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument gbr results in path traversal. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 12:48 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gedelumbung HospitalManagement Affected: c2d45543789a3887067d3915f69d44cfc2cf76a8
    cpe:2.3:a:gedelumbung:hospitalmanagement:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Chenshiyi (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102810 (GCVE-0-2026-102810)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 17:22 – Updated: 2026-09-29 19:57
VLAI
Title
Marmite through 0.4.2 Path Traversal via Development Server
Summary
Marmite through 0.4.2 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the development server started by --serve that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files. The handle_request function in src/server.rs fails to reject .. segments after percent-decoding and joining the request path to the output folder, enabling attackers to request encoded traversal sequences to access files readable by the marmite process.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 19:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rochacbruno marmite Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.4.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
Credits
Ikram-4
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102783 (GCVE-0-2026-102783)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 12:37 – Updated: 2026-10-09 12:37
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Path Traversal in image preview Gridbox < 2.20.4.0
Summary
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Path Traversal in image preview Gridbox < 2.20.4.0 - Gridbox contains the same prefix-only containment logic in its site UploaderHelper . The showImage action resolves a request-controlled path, calls that helper, and then returns the image. If image decoding is unavailable or fails, the action streams the file directly. An existing image in a sibling directory such as images-backup can therefore satisfy the current containment test even though it is outside the configured images root. The route restricts the file extension to Gridbox image types, which materially limits the read primitive. The default media root is images ; the effective site setting was not independently verified. No prefix-matching sibling directory was found alongside the site’s images directory. The finding is rated Low rather than presented as arbitrary file disclosure.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 14:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Joomla CNA
References
Impacted products
Credits
Sergiy Tryzhychynskyi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102657 (GCVE-0-2026-102657)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 20:49 – Updated: 2026-11-06 20:49
VLAI
Title
esm.sh: web.NewHandler allows arbitrary file read via encoded dot-segment path traversal
Summary
esm.sh is a no-build content delivery network (CDN) for web development. Prior to server version 137_7, the documented web.NewHandler static file server in web/handler.go joins the URL-decoded r.URL.Path with Config.AppDir without verifying that the result remains inside the configured application directory. URL-encoded dot segments such as %2e%2e bypass the plain traversal redirect performed by Go's ServeMux, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to make the server open and return files outside Config.AppDir that are readable by the server process. The confirmed impact is file disclosure only, and the issue is reachable with Dev disabled. This issue is fixed in server version 137_7.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
esm-dev esm.sh Affected: < 137_7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-102643 (GCVE-0-2026-102643)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 21:51 – Updated: 2026-11-09 21:51
VLAI
Title
AsyncSSH: SFTPServer Chroot Escape
Summary
AsyncSSH is a Python package which provides an asynchronous client and server implementation of the SSHv2 protocol on top of the Python asyncio framework. Prior to 2.24.1, SFTPServer.map_path() uses posixpath.normpath() on a client-supplied path and removes only one leading slash before passing the result to posixpath.join() with the configured chroot. An authenticated SFTP user can supply a path beginning with exactly two slash characters, causing POSIX normalization to preserve the double-leading-slash form and the subsequent join to treat the remaining pathname as absolute. This bypasses the SFTP chroot and permits reads and writes with the operating-system permissions of the account running the server, which may enable code execution depending on writable targets. This issue is fixed in version 2.24.1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-50 - Path Equivalence: '//multiple/leading/slash'
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ronf asyncssh Affected: < 2.24.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102627 (GCVE-0-2026-102627)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 22:47 – Updated: 2026-10-13 14:39
VLAI
Title
Security Vulnerability identified in IBM TRIRIGA - Zip Slip
Summary
IBM TRIRIGA Application Platform 5.0.0 through 5.0.8 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper validation of file paths during archive extraction.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 14:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
ibm CNA
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7292037 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM TRIRIGA Application Platform Affected: 5.0.0 , ≤ 5.0.8 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:tririga_application_platform:5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:tririga_application_platform:5.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-102457 (GCVE-0-2026-102457)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 08:32 – Updated: 2026-09-30 15:28
VLAI
Title
DigiWin｜EasyFlow .NET - Arbitrary File Read
Summary
EasyFlow .NET developed by Digiwin has an Arbitrary File Read vulnerability. Authenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability to download arbitrary system files.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Assigner
twcert CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DigiWin EasyFlow .NET Affected: 6.1.*
Affected: 6.6 , ≤ 6.6.19 (custom)
Affected: 8.1 , ≤ 8.1.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-30 08:31
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102424 (GCVE-0-2026-102424)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 17:07 – Updated: 2026-10-01 04:55
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated path traversal exfiltrates local files through auto-reply attachments in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.4
Summary
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated path traversal exfiltrates local files through auto-reply attachments in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.4 - Balbooa Forms accepts upload-field state as Guest-controlled JSON during public form submission. For every object whose `id` merely looks numeric, the component trusts the supplied `filename`, concatenates it below the configured upload directory, and adds the result to an array of local attachment paths. It does not load the referenced attachment row, verify ownership/session/form/field, require that the ID exists, canonicalize the path, or enforce containment. If the form's normal “auto reply” and “attach uploaded files” options are enabled, the component sends those local paths as email attachments to the address submitted in an email field. A Guest can therefore submit a nonexistent numeric ID plus a traversal filename such as `../../../../configuration.php` and receive any file readable by the Joomla process.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 19:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Joomla CNA
References
URL Tags
https://www.balbooa.com/ product
Impacted products
Credits
Łukasz Rybak
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-102359 (GCVE-0-2026-102359)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 17:36 – Updated: 2026-11-06 17:36
VLAI
Title
Kroki: TikZ Secure Mode Local File Read via LaTeX File I/O Primitives
Summary
Kroki creates diagrams from textual descriptions. Prior to 0.31.2, the TikZ backend's tikz/tikz2svg guard used when KROKI_SAFE_MODE is enabled blocks only \verbatiminput while allowing native TeX file-read primitives including \openin, \read, \input, and \include. TeX Live's permissive openin_any setting remains active, so an unauthenticated actor can submit crafted LaTeX to POST /tikz/svg or the generic diagram API and cause the renderer to read any file accessible to the Kroki container user. The file contents are rendered into the returned SVG, which may disclose mounted secrets, configuration data, credentials, private keys, or process environment data. The -no-shell-escape option prevents shell execution but does not restrict these native file operations. This issue is fixed in version 0.31.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
yuzutech kroki Affected: < 0.31.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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