Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1321

Allowed

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

302 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-61534 (GCVE-0-2026-61534)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 15:36 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:19
VLAI
Title
Yayson: Prototype pollution in the Store/LegacyStore deserialization
Summary
Yayson is a library for serializing and reading JSON API data in JavaScript. Prior to 4.3.0, Store and LegacyStore use attacker-controlled JSON:API type, id, and relationship names as keys in plain-object lookup tables in src/yayson/store.ts and src/yayson/legacy-store.ts. A document whose type is __proto__ causes model-cache writes to modify Object.prototype, with the attacker controlling the polluted property name through id and its value through attributes. The malicious type can also be supplied by an included resource, and LegacyStore is reachable when a configured types mapping resolves to __proto__. Unsafe relationship names including __proto__, constructor, and prototype provide additional document-derived member paths. The resulting process-wide prototype pollution can cause denial of service and logic corruption; authorization bypass or code execution depends on suitable gadgets in the consuming application. This issue is fixed in version 4.3.0.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
confetti yayson Affected: < 4.3.0
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CVE-2026-59876 (GCVE-0-2026-59876)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 14:41
VLAI
Title
protobufjs: Text Format string map parsing can mutate returned map object prototype
Summary
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. From 8.2.0 until 8.6.5, the protobufjs Text Format extension parsed string-keyed map entries using ordinary property assignment, allowing a map entry with key __proto__ to change the prototype of the returned map object instead of creating an own map entry in protobufjs/ext/textformat. This issue is fixed in version 8.6.5.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 14:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
protobufjs protobuf.js Affected: >= 8.2.0, < 8.6.5
Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2026-59206 (GCVE-0-2026-59206)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 15:30 – Updated: 2026-07-09 18:38
VLAI
Title
n8n: Prototype Pollution via Workflow Credentials Leads to Unauthenticated User and Project Enumeration
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and, 2.28.1, an authenticated user with the default workflow:create permission could pollute Object.prototype through a crafted workflow saved, updated, or imported via the workflow API, allowing unauthenticated requests to be treated as a privileged user and exposing user and project listing endpoints. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 18:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: >= 2.28.0, < 2.28.1
Affected: >= 2.0.0-rc.0, < 2.27.4
Affected: < 1.123.61
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-57439 (GCVE-0-2026-57439)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 14:58 – Updated: 2026-07-08 16:12
VLAI
Title
CyberChef: Prototype pollution in Series Chart operation
Summary
CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. Prior to 11.2.0, the Series Chart operation accepts __proto__ as a key while parsing user-supplied CSV, allowing prototype pollution that can be chained with operations such as Parse UDP to inject malicious JavaScript into HTML output. This issue is fixed in version 11.2.0.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-08 16:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gchq CyberChef Affected: < 11.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56763 (GCVE-0-2026-56763)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 13:00 – Updated: 2026-07-14 14:30
VLAI
Title
Hono - Prototype Pollution via __proto__ Key in parseBody with dot Option
Summary
Hono before 4.12.7 allows __proto__ key in parseBody with dot option enabled, permitting specially crafted form field names to create objects with __proto__ properties. When parsed results are merged into regular JavaScript objects using unsafe merge patterns, attackers can exploit this to achieve prototype pollution and modify object behavior.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 14:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Hono Hono Affected: 0 , < 4.12.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.12.7 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:hono:hono:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-10 00:00
Credits
0xkakash1
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55886 (GCVE-0-2026-55886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:25 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:22
VLAI
Title
Jodit Editor: Prototype Pollution in Jodit via Jodit.modules.Helpers.set()
Summary
Jodit Editor is a WYSIWYG editor with written in pure TypeScript file and image editing capabilities. Versions prior to 4.12.26 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through Jodit.modules.Helpers.set(chain, value, obj), which walks the dot-separated chain, creating and following each path segment without filtering prototype-mutating keys. A chain that begins with (or contains) __proto__, constructor, or prototype lets the final assignment reach and mutate Object.prototype. Applications that pass a user-controlled or partially user-controlled key path into Jodit.modules.Helpers.set() could be vulnerable, causing unexpected property injection, logic bypass, denial of service, or secondary security issues. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12.26.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-02 12:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
xdan jodit Affected: < 4.12.26
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55451 (GCVE-0-2026-55451)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 16:49 – Updated: 2026-09-14 18:53
VLAI
Title
gettext-converter: Prototype pollution in js2i18next() via crafted translation keys
Summary
gettext-converter provides gettext resource conversion utilities for JavaScript. Prior to 1.3.3, js2i18next() in lib/js2i18next.js splits nested translation keys using options.keyseparator, whose default value consists of two number signs, and uses each segment as a dynamic object key without rejecting __proto__, constructor, or prototype. When an application converts untrusted PO or i18next translation data, a __proto__ segment resolves Object.prototype as the nested write target and Object.assign writes attacker-controlled translated properties onto the process-wide prototype. The resulting prototype pollution can cause denial of service and may enable application-dependent follow-on attacks. This issue is fixed in version 1.3.3.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 18:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
locize gettext-converter Affected: < 1.3.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55388 (GCVE-0-2026-55388)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:50 – Updated: 2026-11-03 19:14
VLAI
Title
piscina: Prototype Pollution Gadget → RCE via inherited options.filename
Summary
piscina is a node.js worker pool implementation. Prior to 6.0.0-rc.2, 5.2.0, and 4.9.3, piscina's constructor and run() paths read the filename option via plain member access. Both reads fall through the prototype chain when the caller's options object doesn't have filename as an own property. When Object.prototype.filename is polluted upstream the inherited value flows to worker_threads.Worker import and the attacker's .mjs runs in the worker. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.0-rc.2, 5.2.0, and 4.9.3.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 15:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
piscinajs piscina Affected: < 4.9.3
Affected: >= 5.0.0-alpha.0, < 5.2.0
Affected: >= 6.0.0-rc.1, < 6.0.0-rc.2
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55091 (GCVE-0-2026-55091)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 17:26 – Updated: 2026-09-14 20:05
VLAI
Title
flat-to-nested: Prototype pollution in flat-to-nested convert() via __proto__ parent/id key
Summary
flat-to-nested converts a hierarchy from a flat representation to a nested representation. Prior to 1.1.2, FlatToNested.prototype.convert in index.js uses attacker-influenced id and parent record fields directly as keys in the plain temp and pendingChildOf objects. When parent or id is __proto__, temp[parent] can resolve to Object.prototype, and initPush() can write attacker-controlled data to the global children prototype property while existing prototype methods remain intact. Any application that passes attacker-influenced flat records to convert() can therefore expose unrelated objects to polluted inherited state, causing application-logic corruption or denial of service and potentially enabling greater impact when a downstream prototype-pollution gadget is present. The constructor and prototype strings are also unsafe inherited-key values in the same lookup design. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54756 (GCVE-0-2026-54756)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:29 – Updated: 2026-07-02 14:41
VLAI
Title
Jodit Editor: Prototype pollution via Jodit.configure() / ConfigMerge
Summary
Jodit Editor is a WYSIWYG editor with written in pure TypeScript file and image editing capabilities. In versions prior to 4.12.18, Jodit.configure(options) — and the internal ConfigMerge / ConfigProto helpers — merged user-supplied options into the editor configuration without filtering prototype-mutating keys, potentially causing a Prototype Pollution vulnerability. A payload nested under an existing plain-object option such as controls could reach and mutate Object.prototype. Applications that pass user-controlled or partially user-controlled configuration into Jodit.configure() may be vulnerable. This issue was fixed in version 4.12.18.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-02 14:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
xdan jodit Affected: < 4.12.18
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Implementation

By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.

Mitigation
Implementation

By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.

Mitigation
Implementation

Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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