Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1321

Allowed

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

302 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2020-36632 (GCVE-0-2020-36632)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-25 19:37 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:30

Title

hughsk flat index.js unflatten prototype pollution

Summary

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in hughsk flat up to 5.0.0. This affects the function unflatten of the file index.js. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution'). It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 5.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 20ef0ef55dfa028caddaedbcb33efbdb04d18e13. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-216777 was assigned to this vulnerability.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CWE

CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Assigner

VulDB CNA

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.216777	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.216777	signaturepermissions-required
https://github.com/hughsk/flat/issues/105	issue-tracking
https://github.com/hughsk/flat/pull/106	issue-tracking
https://github.com/hughsk/flat/commit/20ef0ef55df…	patch
https://github.com/hughsk/flat/releases/tag/5.0.1	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
hughsk	flat	Affected: 5.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2011-10019 (GCVE-0-2011-10019)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 20:53 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:20

Title

Spreecommerce < 0.60.2 Search Parameter RCE

Summary

Spreecommerce versions prior to 0.60.2 contains a remote command execution vulnerability in its search functionality. The application fails to properly sanitize input passed via the search[send][] parameter, which is dynamically invoked using Ruby’s send method. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server without authentication.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-14 13:45 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo…	exploit
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/17941	exploit
https://web.archive.org/web/20111009192436/http:/…	vendor-advisorypatch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/spreecommerc…	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/orgs/spree	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Spreecommerce	Spreecommerce	Affected: 0 , < 0.60.2 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:spreecommerce:spree::::::::

Date Public

2011-10-07 00:00

Credits

joernchen

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Implementation

By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.

Mitigation

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.

Mitigation

Implementation

By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.

Mitigation

Implementation

Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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