Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

4531 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-81882 (GCVE-0-2026-81882)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 15:12 – Updated: 2026-09-28 16:32
VLAI
Title
radare2: Missing string termination causes heap out-of-bounds read in radare2 bplist parser
Summary
radare2 is a UNIX-like reverse engineering framework and command-line toolset. Prior to 6.2.0, radare2's binary property-list Unicode parser was vulnerable because the binary-property-list Unicode parser underallocated an uninitialized UTF-8 destination and did not guarantee NUL termination. The vulnerability is triggered by running the explicit pFB or pFBj commands on untrusted binary property-list data. The json encoder treated the converted data as a nul-terminated c string and could continue reading beyond the allocation. This can cause disclosure of uninitialized or adjacent heap contents in JSON output and possible process termination. This issue is fixed in version 6.2.0.
Severity
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 16:08 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
radareorg radare2 Affected: < 6.2.0
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-81881 (GCVE-0-2026-81881)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 15:05 – Updated: 2026-09-22 17:44
VLAI
Title
radare2: Heap out-of-bounds read in radare2 Mach-O Swift metadata parser
Summary
radare2 is a UNIX-like reverse engineering framework and command-line toolset. Prior to 6.2.0, radare2's Mach-O Swift field-metadata parser was vulnerable because a relative Swift field pointer could be lower than the field-metadata section base, making subtraction produce a negative logical index. The vulnerability is triggered by parsing Swift type and class metadata from a crafted Mach-O file. The derived index was used to read four bytes immediately before the allocated field-metadata buffer. This can cause incorrect metadata processing or process termination; no attacker-observable memory disclosure has been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 6.2.0.
Severity
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 17:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
radareorg radare2 Affected: < 6.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-81879 (GCVE-0-2026-81879)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 15:09 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:38
VLAI
Title
radare2: Heap out-of-bounds read in radare2 ELF PN_XNUM handling
Summary
radare2 is a UNIX-like reverse engineering framework and command-line toolset. Prior to 6.2.0, radare2's ELF PN_XNUM handling was vulnerable because the ELF parser allocated the program-header array using the resolved PN_XNUM count but several consumers still iterated with the original e_phnum value of 65535. The vulnerability is triggered by processing a crafted ELF file with e_phnum = 0xffff and a much smaller resolved count in shdr[0].sh_info. Consumers iterated beyond the allocated program-header array. This can cause a heap out-of-bounds read and process termination, resulting in denial of service; memory disclosure and code execution have not been demonstrated. This issue is fixed in version 6.2.0.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:38 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
radareorg radare2 Affected: < 6.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81858 (GCVE-0-2026-81858)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 23:22 – Updated: 2026-10-13 13:48
VLAI
Title
IBM i is Affected By A Denial of Service Vulnerability in Host Servers
Summary
IBM i 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service and obtain information due to an out-of-bounds read in the File Server.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 13:20 UTC
CWE
Assigner
ibm CNA
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7290195 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM i Affected: 7.6
Affected: 7.5
Affected: 7.4
Affected: 7.3
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81646 (GCVE-0-2026-81646)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 03:42 – Updated: 2026-09-09 20:51
VLAI
Summary
Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the graphics module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 15:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
huawei CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Huawei HarmonyOS Affected: 6.1.0
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-81645 (GCVE-0-2026-81645)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 06:18 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:40
VLAI
Summary
Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the graphics module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 14:40 UTC
CWE
Assigner
huawei CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Huawei HarmonyOS Affected: 6.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-81508 (GCVE-0-2026-81508)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 17:52 – Updated: 2026-09-24 18:07
VLAI
Title
ESF-IDF: Heap Out-of-Bounds Read in Bluedroid A2DP Sink Media Packet Processing
Summary
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In 5.5.5, 6.0.1, and 6.1, the BlueDroid A2DP sink function btc_a2dp_sink_handle_inc_media() reads a timestamp field from the received media buffer before validating that the packet layout contains the field. A paired BR/EDR audio source within radio range can send a malformed A2DP media packet to a build with BlueDroid Classic Bluetooth and A2DP sink support enabled, causing an out-of-bounds read into adjacent heap memory and limited disclosure of heap contents. Arbitrary memory disclosure and code execution are not established.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 18:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
espressif esp-idf Affected: = 6.1
Affected: = 6.0.1
Affected: = 5.5.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-81507 (GCVE-0-2026-81507)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 15:12 – Updated: 2026-10-14 15:00
VLAI
Title
ESF-IDF: Bluetooth Classic L2CAP Heap Memory Disclosure Allowing Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Data
Summary
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. Prior to 5.2.8, 5.3.6, 5.5.5, 6.0.3, and 6.1-rc1, ESP-IDF BlueDroid L2CAP configuration-option processing in l2c_main.c and l2c_utils.c does not consistently validate option lengths against the remaining received packet bytes. A remote unauthenticated BR/EDR peer within radio range can send a malformed L2CAP configuration request that causes an out-of-bounds read, and under some runtime conditions limited adjacent Bluetooth stack memory can be included in an outbound L2CAP Configuration Response. The issue affects ESP32-class products using the BlueDroid host stack with Classic Bluetooth enabled. This issue is fixed in 5.2.8, 5.3.6, 5.5.5, 6.0.3, and 6.1-rc1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 15:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
espressif esp-idf Affected: < 5.2.8
Affected: >= 5.3-beta1, < 5.3.6
Affected: >= 5.4-beta1, < 5.5.5
Affected: >= 6.0-beta1, < 6.0.3
Affected: >= 6.1-beta1, < 6.1-rc1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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  "containers": {
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      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-81507",
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            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
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          "url": "https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/releases/tag/v6.1-rc1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-v335-fxwc-rc44",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "ESF-IDF: Bluetooth Classic L2CAP Heap Memory Disclosure Allowing Unauthorized Access to Sensitive Data"
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CVE-2026-81400 (GCVE-0-2026-81400)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:19 – Updated: 2026-10-31 16:17
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 18:50 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81395 (GCVE-0-2026-81395)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:19 – Updated: 2026-10-31 16:17
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 18:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
microsoft CNA
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:365_apps:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.0.20326.20138",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:office_macos_2021:*:*:*:*:*:long_term_servicing_channel:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.113.26091433",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:office_2021:*:*:*:*:long_term_servicing_channel:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.0.14334.20906",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:office_2024:*:*:*:*:long_term_servicing_channel:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.0.17932.20976",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:office_macos_2024:*:*:*:*:*:long_term_servicing_channel:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.113.26091433",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:excel_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.0.5569.1003",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:office_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.0.5569.1003",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:office_365:*:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "16.113.26091433",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-09-08T14:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en-US",
          "value": "Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en-US",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
              "lang": "en-US",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T16:17:34.120Z",
        "orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
        "shortName": "microsoft"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Microsoft Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-81395"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Microsoft Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
    "assignerShortName": "microsoft",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-81395",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-08T17:19:03.401Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-26T18:46:26.215Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T16:17:34.120Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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